巨大芽孢杆菌青霉素G酰化酶在新型环氧载体ZH-HA上的固定化

巨大芽孢杆菌青霉素G酰化酶共价结合在新型环氧-氨基型载体ZH-HA 上,通过对酶浓度、固定化时间、pH以及缓冲液浓度等条件的考察,确定了最优固定化条件:50 mg比活力6000 U/g的巨大芽孢杆菌青霉素G酰化酶蛋白和1g ZH-HA悬浮于pH 9.01 mol/L磷酸缓冲液,室温搅拌6 h,制得固定化巨大芽孢杆菌青霉素G酰化酶,活力2126 U/g湿载体,活力回收率7.67%.比较研究了固定化酶与原酶性质,原酶最适温度45℃,最适pH为8.0.固定化酶则分别是50℃和9.0,分别比溶液酶偏移5℃、1.0个pH单位.经过40批连续水解青霉素G钾盐,固定化巨大芽孢杆菌青霉素酰化酶仍保持80%的活力,显示出良好的工作稳定性.     

以环氧乙烷为活性基的多孔颗粒状固定化青霉素酰化酶的制备

报道了用以环氧乙烷为活性基的多孔颗粒状载体（Eupergit-C）制备固定由巨大芽孢杆菌（B．megaterium）产生的青霉素酰化酶的研究。用已二胺,赖氨酸对载体进行化学修饰后制备固定化酶,获得了较好的固定结果。用未修饰的载体制备固化酶,经24h固定反应,酶活力达176．5IU／g（wet）,酶活力总叫率达53．7％,酶蛋白的固定量为19＝7mg/g（dr）,酶蛋白的固定效率达87．5％。游离酶的酶浓度对制备固定化酶的活力无显影响。当加酶量从312IU/g（dry）上升到6250IU／g（dry）时,固定化酶活力从89IU／g(wet）上升到475IU／g（wet）,总收率和固定化效率分别从99％和99％下降到26．5％和32．5％,酶蛋白的固定量从6．9mg/g（dry）上升到112mg/g（dry）,酶蛋白的固定效率从99％下降至80．5％。以酶活力为155IU/g(wet）,酶蛋白固定量为22mg/g(dry）的固定化酶水解青霉素G钾盐,经过20批循环水解后,剩余酶活力为92．5％。     

固定化青霉素酰化酶的研究

将巨大芽孢杆菌胞外青霉素酰化酶通过共价键连接到醋酸纤维素载体上,制成的固定化青霉素酰化酶的表观活力达2000 u／g左右(PDAB法)。水解lO％(w／v)的青霉素G钾盐落液,使用30批,保留活力70％以上。6-氨基青毒烷酸(6-APA)总收率平均达88．37％。固定化青霉素酰化酶水解青霉素G的最适pH为9．95,最适温度为55℃,表观米氏常数为1.093×10-2mol／L,在pH 5．8-10．7,温度45℃以下酶的活力稳定。     

聚丙烯腈纤维固定化青霉素酰化酶性质的研究

将巨大芽孢杆菌（Bacillusmegaterium）青霉素酞化酶连接到聚丙烯腈纤维载体上,制成固定化青霉素酰化酶。其表现活力约为2000u／g。水解青霉素G的最适温度为50℃;最适PH为9．0;在PHS．5～10．3、温度50℃以下酶的活力稳定;表观米氏常数Ka为1．33×10-8mol／L;最大反应速度Vm为2．564mmol·min-1;苯乙酸为竞争性抑制剂,抑制常数为0．16mol／L。水解10％的青霉素G钾盐溶液,使用20批,保留酶活力80％。     

颗粒状固定化青霉素酰化酶的研究

将巨大芽孢杆菌 (Bacillusmegaterium)胞外青霉素酰化酶通过共价键结合到聚合物载体EupergitC颗粒环氧基团上 ,制成的颗粒状固定化青霉素酰化酶表现活力达 1 40 0 μ/g左右。固定化酶水解青霉素的最适 pH8 0 ,最适温度为 55℃。在pH6 0～ 8 5、温度低于 40℃时固定化酶活力稳定。在 pH8 0、温度 37℃时 ,固定化酶对青霉素的表现米氏常数Ka为 2×1 0 - 2 mol/L ;苯乙酸为竞争性抑制剂 ,抑制常数Kip为 2 8× 1 0 - 2 mol/L ;6 APA为非竞争性抑制剂 ,抑制常数Kia为 0 1 2 5mol/L。固定化酶水解青霉素 ,投料浓度为 8% ,在使用 2 0 0批后 ,保留活力 80 %左右 ,6 APA收率平均达 89 48%。     

产青霉素酰化酶的大肠杆菌AS1.76的固定化

用在有机溶剂中成型的琼脂凝胶包埋,结合戊二醛处理的方法,制备产青霉素酰化酶的大肠杆菌AS1.76固定化细胞,其细胞含量可达50%以上。固定化细胞水解青霉素 G 钾盐的最适 pH 为8.0,比原细胞约高0.3pH 单位;最适温度与原细胞一样,均为45℃。固定化后,Hg2+对酶抑制作用降低,但酶对Fe3+、Cu2+等金属离子敏感性增加。在无底物情况下,与原细胞相比,固定化细胞对 pH 和热的稳定性增加;4℃保存14个月无活力损失。固定化细胞装柱,在pH7.7,37℃下连续裂解青霉素 G,转化率达95%以上。155天无明显酶活力损失。     

以Fe(III) 改性胶原纤维为载体固定过氧化氢酶

将胶原纤维用三价铁改性后作为载体,通过戊二醛的交联作用将过氧化氢酶固定在该载体上。制备的固定化过氧化氢酶蛋白固载量为16.7 mg/g,酶活收率为35％。研究了固定化酶与自由酶的最适pH、最适温度、热稳定性、贮存稳定性及操作稳定性。结果表明：过氧化氢酶经此法固定化后,最适pH及最适温度与自由酶相同,分别为pH 7.0和25 ℃;但固定化酶的热稳定性显著提高,在75 ℃保存5 h后,仍能保留30％的活力,而自由酶则完全失活;固定化酶在室温下保存12 d后,酶活力仍保持在88％以上,而自由酶在此条件下则完全失     

青霉素酰化酶在新型复合载体上的固定化研究

通过γ-氯丙基三甲氧基硅烷的媒介,将聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)化学偶联在硅胶微粒表面,制备了新型复合载体PEI/silica gel,然后通过双官能团试剂戊二醛的作用,将青霉素酰化酶固定在复合载体上;考察了戊二醛用量、pH值、固定化温度、固定化时间及给酶量等条件对固定化青霉素酰化酶表观活力、活性回收率等性能的影响;并通过测定复合载体在固定化前的ζ电位,探索了复合载体PEI/silica gel固定化酶的作用机理。研究结果表明,由于PEI分子链中含有大量胺基,共价键联与物理吸附相结合,使青霉素酰化酶被快速稳定地固定化,并具有高的催化活性与活力回收率。复合载体PEI/silica gel(0.5 g)固定青霉素酰化酶的适宜固定化条件为:固定化温度为30℃;固定化时间为14~15 h;戊二醛用量为1.2 mmol/g;pH=7.92;给酶量为0.1 mL/g。     

以Fe(Ⅲ)改性胶原纤维为载体固定过氧化氢酶

将胶原纤维用三价铁改性后作为载体,通过戊二醛的交联作用将过氧化氢酶固定在该载体上.制备的固定化过氧化氢酶蛋白固载量为16.7 mg/g,酶活收率为35％.研究了固定化酶与自由酶的最适pH、最适温度、热稳定性、贮存稳定性及操作稳定性.结果表明:过氧化氢酶经此法固定化后,最适pH及最适温度与自由酶相同,分别为pH 7.0和25℃;但固定化酶的热稳定性显著提高,在75℃保存5 h后,仍能保留30％的活力,而自由酶则完全失活;固定化酶在室温下保存12 d后,酶活力仍保持在88％以上,而自由酶在此条件下则完全失活;此外,固定化过氧化氢酶还表现出了良好的操作稳定性,在室温下连续反应26次后,相对活力为57％.该研究表明胶原纤维可作为固定化过氧化     

以环氧乙烷为活性基的多孔颗粒状固定化青霉素酰化酶的制备*

报道了用以环氧乙烷为活性基的多孔颗粒状载体 (Eupergit C)制备固定由巨大芽孢杆菌 (^{B .megaterium})产生的青霉素酰化酶的研究。用己二胺 ,赖氨酸对载体进行化学修饰后制备固定化酶 ,获得了较好的固定结果。用未修饰的载体制备固定化酶 ,经 2 4h固定反应 ,酶活力达 1 76.5IU/g (wet) ,酶活力总收率达 53.7%,酶蛋白的固定量为 197mg/g(dry) ,酶蛋白的固定效率达 87.5 %。游离酶的酶浓度对制备固定化酶的活力无显著影响。当加酶量从     

脂肪酶的固定化及其性质研究

采用吸附与交联相结合的方法国定化脂肪酶,研究了脂肪酶固定化的工艺条件,并考察了固定化脂肪酶的催化性能和稳定性。试验结果表明,WA20树脂固定化脂肪酶的最适条件是：酶液pH7．0、给酶量300IU／g树脂、固定时间8h,所得固定化脂肪酶的活力约为165IU／g树脂;固定化酶稳定性较高,在冰箱内贮存6个月活力没有下降,操作半衰期约为750h,而未用戌二醛文联的固定化脂肪酶操作半衰期仅约290h;固定化脂肪酶催化橄榄油水解的最适条件是：PH8．0、温度55℃、底物浓度60％（V／V）、搅拌转速500r／m。     

Immobilization of penicillin G acylase on macro-mesoporous silica spheres

In this study, macro-mesoporous silica spheres were prepared with a micro-device and used as the support for the immobilization of penicillin G acylase (PGA). To measure the enzymatic activity, the silica spheres with immobilized PGA were placed into a packed-bed reactor, in which the hydrolysis of penicillin G was carried out. The influences of the residence time, the initial concentration of the substrate, the accumulation of the target product 6-aminopenicillanic acid, and the enzyme loading amount on the performance of the immobilized PGA were investigated. The introduction of macropores increased the enzyme loading amount and decreased the internal mass transfer resistance, and the results showed that the enzyme loading amount reached 895 mg/g (dry support), and the apparent enzymatic activity achieved up to 1033 U/g (dry support). In addition, the immobilized PGA was found to have great stability.     

An approach for the improved immobilization of penicillin G acylase onto macroporous poly(glycidyl methacrylate‐co‐ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) as a potential industrial biocatalyst

The use of penicillin G acylase (PGA) covalently linked to insoluble carrier is expected to produce major advances in pharmaceutical processing industry and the enzyme stability enhancement is still a significant challenge. The objective of this study was to improve catalytic performance of the covalently immobilized PGA on a potential industrial carrier, macroporous poly(glycidyl methacrylate‐co‐ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) [poly(GMA‐co‐EGDMA)], by optimizing the copolymerization process and the enzyme attachment procedure. This synthetic copolymer could be a very promising alternative for the development of low‐cost, easy‐to‐prepare, and stable biocatalyst compared to expensive commercially available epoxy carriers such as Eupergit or Sepabeads. The PGA immobilized on poly(GMA‐co‐EGDMA) in the shape of microbeads obtained by suspension copolymerization appeared to have higher activity yield compared to copolymerization in a cast. Optimal conditions for the immobilization of PGA on poly(GMA‐co‐EGDMA) microbeads were 1 mg/mL of PGA in 0.75 mol/L phosphate buffer pH 6.0 at 25°C for 24 h, leading to the active biocatalyst with the specific activity of 252.7 U/g dry beads. Chemical amination of the immobilized PGA could contribute to the enhanced stability of the biocatalyst by inducing secondary interactions between the enzyme and the carrier, ensuring multipoint attachment. The best balance between the activity yield (51.5%), enzyme loading (25.6 mg/g), and stability (stabilization factor 22.2) was achieved for the partially modified PGA. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:43–53, 2016     

Immobilization of Papain on the Mesoporous Molecular Sieve MCM‐48

The immobilization of papain on the mesoporous molecular sieve MCM‐48 (with a pore size of 6.2 nm in diameter) with the aid of glutaraldehyde, and the characteristics of this immobilized papain are described. The optimum conditions for immobilization were as follows: 20 mg native free enzyme/g of the MCM‐48 and 0.75 % glutaraldehyde, 2 h at 10–20 °C and pH 7.0. Under these optimum conditions for immobilization, the activity yield [%] of the immobilized enzyme was around 70 %. The influence of the pH on the activity of the immobilized enzyme was much lower compared to the free enzyme. The thermostability of the immobilized enzyme, whose half‐life was more than 2500 min, was greatly improved and was found to be significantly higher than that of the free enzyme (about 80 min). The immobilized enzyme also showed good operational stability, and the activity of the immobilized enzyme continued to maintain 76.5 % of the initial activity even after a 12‐day continuous operation. Moreover, the immobilized enzyme still exhibited good storage stability. From these results, papain immobilized on the MCM‐48 with the aid of glutaraldehyde, can be used as a high‐performance biocatalyst in biotechnological processing, in particular in industrial and medical applications.     

Immobilization of endo-polygalacturonase from Aspergillus niger on various types of macromolecular supports

Endo-polygalacturonase (endo-PG) was immobilized on a wide range of natural and synthetic macromolecular supports and their modified derivatives representing many chemical classes, including esters, amides, phenols, alkyl- and arylamines, and carboxyl derivatives. The immobilization entailed methods of adsorption alone as well as covalent bond formation using glutaraldehyde or carbodiimide or via the diazo-coupling reaction. The most promising system proved to be immobilization on trimalehylchitosan (TMC) via adsorption followed by treatment with glutaraldehyde (GA). The binding capacity of the support is on the order of 13,000 IU/g, half of which is active. Various properties of immobilized endo-PG were evaluated. The optimum pH of the enzyme shifted to the alkaline side. The relative catalytic activity was considerably high even at room temperature and remained so above 70 degrees C. The thermal stability at pH 3-4 was notably improved by immobilization, the half-time doubling. Finally, the apparent K(m) was greater for immobilized endo-PG than for native enzyme, while the V(max) was smaller for the immobilized enzyme.     

Immobilization of Bacillus circulans β-galactosidase and its application in the synthesis of galacto-oligosaccharides under repeated-batch operation

A highly active and stable derivate of immobilized Bacillus circulans β-galactosidase was prepared for the synthesis of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) under repeated-batch operation. B. circulans β-galactosidase was immobilized on monofunctional glyoxyl agarose and three heterofunctional supports: amino-, carboxy-, and chelate-glyoxyl agarose. Glyoxyl agarose was the support with highest immobilization yield and stability being selected for the optimization of immobilization conditions and application in GOS synthesis. A central composite rotatable design was conducted to optimize contacted protein and immobilization time, using maximum catalytic potential as the objective function. Optimal conditions of immobilization were 28.9 mg/g and 36.4 h of contact, resulting in a biocatalyst with 595 IU/g and a half-life 89-fold higher than soluble enzyme. Immobilization process did not alter the synthetic capacity of β-galactosidase, obtaining the same GOS yield and product profile than the free enzyme. GOS yield and productivity remained unchanged along 10 repeated batches, with values of 39% (w/w) and 5.7 g GOS/g of biocatalyst·batch. Total product obtained after 10 batches of reaction was 56.5 g GOS/g of biocatalyst (1956 g GOS/g protein). Cumulative productivity in terms of mass of contacted protein was higher for the immobilized enzyme than for its soluble counterpart from the second batch of synthesis onwards.     

固定化青霉素V酰化酶的制备及性质

尖镰孢(Fusarium oxysporum)FP941青霉素V酰化酶经γ氧化铝吸附洗脱、硫酸铵沉淀和脱盐处理后,固定在环氧丙烯聚合物载体上,湿固定化酶表现活力为217 IU/g,固定化产率为53%。固定化酶作用最适温度为55℃,最适pH为80;在pH50～110及50℃以下稳定;37℃使用25次后,酶活力保留90%。     

Biospecific immobilization of mannan-penicillin G acylase neoglycoenzyme on Concanavalin A-bead cellulose

The matter of this work was to evaluate possibilities of biospecific immobilization of synthetic mannan-penicillin G acylase neoglycoconjugate on Concanavalin A support. The conjugate containing 37% (w/w) of yeast mannan was prepared. Significant biospecific interaction of this neoglycoenzyme with Con A was confirmed by precipitation method. The biospecific sorption of conjugate was investigated using Concanavalin A-triazine bead celluloses MT-100 with different content of Con A (from 1.4 to 9.8 mgCon A/gwet support). The results obtained under optimal conditions were compared with those from covalent immobilization of PGA. The sorbent capacity was observed higher for covalent binding of enzyme. On the other hand, the biospecifically immobilized neoglycoenzyme retained a greater amount of initial activity. The maximum amount of 6.6mgimmobilizedneoglycoenzyme/gwet Con A-sorbent (18.1 U/g) was achieved. The amount as well as activity of immobilized mannan-penicillin G acylase was increased by its two multiple layering on surface of sorbent (10.1mg, respectively, 23.5 U/gwet sorbent). Determined storage and operational (using flow calorimetric method) stabilities of biospecifically immobilized enzyme, were similar, possibly somewhat higher that those of covalent bound penicillin G acylase.