COPD大鼠模型气道MMP-9和TIMP-1表达的研究

目的:探讨基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)及组织金属蛋白酶抑制因子-1(TIMP-1)在慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)大鼠模型气道的表达.方法:Wistar大鼠25只随机分为COPD模型组和正常对照组,采用单纯被动吸烟法建立COPD大鼠模型,以酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定两组大鼠血清及支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中MMP-9和TIMP-1的表达水平.结果:COPD组血清及BALF中MMP-9和TIMP-1的表达明显高于正常组(P＜0.05和P＜0.01);COPD组血清及BALF的MMP-9/TIMP-1低于正常组血清及BALF的MMP-9/TIMP-1,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);COPD组和正常组BALF中MMP-9和TIMP-1水平高于血清中MMP-9和TIMP-1水平,但差异无统计学意叉(P＞0.05).结论:MMP-9和TIMP-1平衡失调参与了COPD的发病,调节MMP-9和TIMP-1的平衡可能是治疗COPD的新方法.     

己酮可可碱对肺纤维化大鼠MMP-2和TIMP-1表达的影响

目的观察己酮可可碱(pentoxifylline, PTX)对博来霉素致肺纤维化大鼠肺组织基质金属蛋白酶2(matrix metalloproteinase-2)和基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂1(tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1)表达的影响,初步探讨其抗肺纤维化的作用机制.方法 SD大鼠36只,随机分为模型组、治疗组和对照组.模型组和治疗组气管内注射博来霉素诱导肺纤维化,对照组在相同条件下给予生理盐水.第二天起治疗组大鼠腹腔给予己酮可可碱6mg/kg.d,其余两组相同条件下给予生理盐水.治疗的第7d和28d,处死动物取出肺组织,用RT-PCR和免疫组化ABC法观察各组鼠肺组织MMP-2和TIMP-1表达的变化. 结果与模型组比较,治疗组经PTX作用的第7d和28d肺组织中MMP-2和TIMP-1 mRNA的基因转录均有减少,MMP-2 mRNA表达分别降低33.4%和35.5%(P＜0.001),TIMP-1 mRNA表达分别降低25.3%和33.0%(P＜0.05).免疫组化结果则显示,PTX作用的第7d和28dMMP-2分别较模型组降低30.7%和41.7%(P＜0.05),TIMP-1分别降低13.1%和19.8%(P＜0.05).结论 PTX对肺纤维化不同时期肺组织中MMP-2和TIMP-1的表达均有一定程度的降低作用,其可能通过调整MMP-2和TIMP-1比值使其趋于平衡,从而延缓甚至抑制纤维化的进程.     

慢性肾小球肾炎患者血清MMP-9和TIMP-1的浓度及意义

目的:观察慢性肾小球肾炎血清基质金属蛋白酶9(matrix metalo protein-ase-9,MMP-9)、金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂1(tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases,TIMP-1)的浓度与肾组织中MMP-9、TIMP-1表达的相关性,探讨慢性肾小球肾炎血清MMP-9、TIMP-1对肾脏纤维化的判断价值。方法:通过肾组织活检病理检查,将入选慢性肾炎的病例分增生组(A组)15例,纤维化组(B组)15例,另选10例志愿者作为健康对照组C组。应用免疫组化法观察A、B两组MMP-9、TIMP-1在肾组织中的表达情况,并且进行半定量分析,比较它们之间有无差别。应用ELISA双抗体夹心法检测A、B、C三组MMP-9、TIMP-1在血清中的浓度,比较它们之间有无差别。观察A、B两组MMP-9、TIMP-1在肾组织中的表达水平与在血清的浓度有无相关性。结果:A、B两组MMP-9在肾小球和肾间质少见表达,主要在肾小管上皮细胞浆中表达增高,两组之间表达的强度有显著差异性;A组TIMP-1在肾小球中少见表达,在肾小管上皮细胞增强。B组TIMP-1在肾小球中有少量表达,在肾小管上皮细胞较A组进一步增强,两组之间表达的强度有显著差异性(P0.05)。血清中MMP-9、TIMP-1浓度在A、B组显著高于C组,血清中MMP-9在A、B两组之间无显著差异性,血清中TIMP-1在A、B、C三组间两两比较有显著差别(P0.05)。结论:慢性肾炎患者血清中MMP-9、TIMP-1浓度与肾脏组织中MMP-9、TIMP-1的表达呈正相关。MMP-9、TIMP-1的相关性分析P值小于0.01。血清MMP-9、TIMP-1参与了肾脏纤维化的进展,慢性肾小球肾炎血清中MMP-9、TIMP-1的浓度可在一定程度上反映肾脏纤维化程度。     

特布他林联合羧甲司坦片治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病的疗效及对血清MMP-9、MMP-12、TIMP-1的影响

目的:研究特布他林联合羧甲司坦片治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病的疗效及对血清基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)、基质金属蛋白酶-12(MMP-12)、组织型金属蛋白酶抑制物(TIMP-1)水平的影响。方法:选取2015年3月至2018年2月我院收治的170例COPD患者,根据随机数字法分为观察组(87例)和对照组(83例)。对照组使用特布他林,观察组联合使用羧甲司坦。比较两组患者的临床疗效,治疗前后血清MMP-9、MMP-12、TIMP-1水平,肺功能指标,炎性因子水平的变化及不良反应的发生情况。结果:治疗后,观察组临床总有效率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),血清MMP-9、MMP-12、TIMP-1水平显著低于对照组(P<0.05),最大呼气流速(PEF)、1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、用力肺活量(FVC)及FEV1/FVC显著高于对照组(P<0.05),血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶(NE)水平均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组和对照组不良反应的发生率比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:特布他林联合羧甲司坦片治疗COPD的临床疗效显著优于单用特布他林,且安全性更高,可能与其能有效降低血清MMP-9、MMP-12、TIMP-1水平有关。     

基质金属蛋白酶-9及其抑制剂mRNA在吸烟大鼠肺组织中的表达

目的 研究吸烟大鼠肺组织和肺泡巨噬细胞中基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)和金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂-1(TIMP-1)基因的表达,探讨其在细胞外基质重塑中的作用。方法 建立吸烟大鼠模型,随机分为对照组和吸烟1、2、3、4、5及6月组(每组10只),用原位杂交技术检测肺组织和肺泡巨噬细胞MMP-9和TIMP-1 mRNA表达,用免疫组织化学技术观察Ⅳ型胶原在肺内的表达。结果 吸烟组肺组织和肺泡巨噬细胞MMP-9 mRNA的表达逐渐上升,至吸烟6月时均达高峰;而TIMP-1 mRNA的表达渐上升,至吸烟3～4月时达高峰,后逐步下降;肺组织Ⅳ型胶原的表达在吸烟3月时达高峰,然后渐降。结论 MMP-9／TIMP-1的动态平衡在吸烟大鼠肺气肿模型肺组织的细胞外基质重塑中有重要作用。     

基质金属蛋白酶及其抑制剂在肝纤维化中的表达变化

目的 观察肝纤维化形成过程中基质金属蛋白酶MMP-1及其抑制剂TIMP-1的表达变化,从细胞外基质降解代谢的角度研究四氯化碳(CCl4)中毒性肝纤维化发生的机制.方法 雄性Wistar大鼠20只,分为正常组和肝纤维化模型组.肝纤维化组采用CCl4、饮酒、高脂低蛋白饮食等复合病因刺激制备肝纤维化动物模型,造模时间为8周.实验结束后测定肝脏指数、血清透明质酸(HA)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)及尿羟脯氨酸(HYP)排出量,光镜下观察肝组织纤维化程度,并用免疫组化SABC法检测肝组织中Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原蛋白及MMP-1、TIMP-1的表达,同时用荧光实时定量PCR(RT-PCR)的方法检测肝组织中MMP-1、TIMP-1 mRNA的表达.结果 与正常对照组比较,肝纤维化模型组大鼠肝脏指数、血清HA及ALT显著增高,尿羟脯氨酸的排出量明显增加,病理组织学检查发现肝组织内纤维结缔组织增生明显,有假小叶形成;免疫组化的结果显示肝组织内Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原蛋白、MMP-1及TIMP-1的表达较正常组显著增加.结论 肝组织中MMP-1及TIMP-1的表达变化可能是导致肝纤维化的重要机制之一.     

新疆维吾尔族妊娠期高血压疾病血清中MMP-9、TIMP-1的表达及意义

目的:分析新疆维吾尔族妊娠期高血压疾病血清中MMP-9、TIMP-1的表达水平及其与妊娠期高血压疾病的相关性,为临床提前干预治疗工作提供理论依据.方法:采用ELISA法检测60例妊娠期高血压疾病惠者(其中轻度组和重度组各30例)及30例健康孕妇血清中MMP-9和TIMP-I水平.结果:妊娠期高血压疾病重度组患者血清MMP-9水平显著低于正常对照组及轻度组(P<0.05)差异有显著性;而妊娠期高血压轻度组与正常组之间无显著差异性(P>0.05),但在重度组中MMP-9的浓度较其他两组明显减低;TIMP-I妊娠期高血压疾病重度组、轻度组及正常对照组血清中各组相互比较均表达差异无显著性(P>0.05),无统计学意义,且TIMP-1在三组中的浓度值变化不大,可见虽然重度妊娠期高血压疾病患者血清中MMP-9表达下降,而它的特异性抑制物TIMP-1却无相应的变化,这导致两者之间的平衡状态发生改变,MMP-9/TIM-1比值下降.结论:血清中MMP-9及TIMP-1表达异常可能与妊娠高血压综合征的发病有密切的关系.MMP-9、TIMP-1有望成为妊娠期高血压疾病进行提前干预治疗的手段.     

七味育肝颗粒对肝纤维化大鼠的防治作用*

目的: 探讨七味育肝颗粒对肝纤维化大鼠的防治作用及对基质金属蛋白酶-13(MMP-13)/基质金属蛋白酶抑制因子-1(TIMP-1)失衡的影响。方法: 取大鼠随机分为空白对照组、模型对照组、秋水仙碱组(1.0×10^-4 g/kg)、七味育肝颗粒各干预组(3.7、7.4、14.8 g/kg)组(n=8),采用皮下注射四氯化碳、灌胃乙醇6周来复制肝纤维化动物模型,造模的同时给药组每天灌胃给药,观测七味育肝颗粒对大鼠肝功能、肝组织病理学及肝纤维化相关指标的影响,采用免疫组化法测定肝组织MMP-13、TIMP-1的表达水平。结果: 与空白对照组比较,模型对照组大鼠血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)以及肝组织透明质酸(HA)、Ⅲ型前胶原(PCⅢ)、Ⅳ型胶原(C-Ⅳ)、TIMP-1显著升高,而MMP-13显著下降,缓解肝组织纤维化病理变化(P＜0.01);与模型对照组比较,3.7、7.4、14.8 g/kg七味育肝颗粒能明显降低ALT、AST以及HA、PCⅢ、C-Ⅳ,缓解肝组织纤维化病理变化,改善肝功能,提高MMP-13活性而降低TIMP-1活性,缓解MMP-13/TIMP-1的失衡状态(P＜0.05, P＜0.01),其中七味育肝颗粒对TIMP-1及MMP-13/TIMP-1的影响有一定的量效关系趋势(P＜0.01)。结论: 七味育肝颗粒具有防治肝纤维化的作用,而改善MMP-13/TIMP-1平衡状态可能是七味育肝颗粒防治肝纤维化作用的机制之一。     

颈部低度迷走神经刺激对老年房颤患者血清CRP、TNF-alpha及MMP-9/TIMP-1水平的影响

目的：探讨颈部低度迷走神经刺激对老年房颤患者血清C 反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-alpha(TNF-alpha)及基质金属蛋白酶-9 (MMP-9)、基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂-1(TIMP-1)的影响。方法：选取我院收治的老年房颤患者126 例,根据治疗方法的不同分为两 组。对照组63 例,予常规治疗,日1 次,7 天为1 个疗程,治疗2 个疗程;实验组63 例,在对照组的基础上加以颈部低度迷走神经 刺激术。治疗后,观察并比较两组患者的CRP、TNF-alpha及MMP-9、TIMP-1 的变化情况。结果：治疗后,两组患者的血清CRP、TNF -alpha、MMP-9及TIMP-1 均较治疗前显著降低,且实验组显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。实验组治疗后6个月内房 颤的发生率显著降低,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论：颈部低度迷走神经刺激能够有效降低老年房颤患者的复发率,这可能 与其降低血清CRP、TNF-alpha,MMP-9、TIMP-1 的水平有关。     

不同类型缺血性脑血管病血清VCAM-1、MMP-2、TIMP-1的表达及与神经功能缺损的关系分析

摘要 目的：探讨不同类型缺血性脑血管病血清血管细胞粘附分子-1（VCAM-1）、基质金属蛋白酶-2（MMP-2）、基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂1（TIMP-1）的表达及与神经功能缺损的关系。方法：选择2016年1月至2020年1月我院接诊的98例缺血性脑血管病患者为本研究对象,其中脑梗死55例设为脑梗死组,短暂性脑缺血发作组43例,并选择我院同期体检中心健康者50作为对照组,分析三组血清VCAM-1、MMP-2、TIMP-1水平之间的差异及不同神经缺损程度血清VCAM-1、MMP-2、TIMP-1水平、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分变化情况,及其之间的相关性。结果：脑梗死组血清VCAM-1、MMP-2、TIMP-1水平及NIHSS评分显著高于短暂性脑缺血发作组和对照组,差异显著（P＜0.05）;短暂性脑缺血发作组血清VCAM-1、MMP-2、TIMP-1水平及NIHSS评分显著高于对照组,差异显著（P＜0.05）;重度神经缺损组血清VCAM-1、MMP-2、TIMP-1水平及NIHSS评分显著高于中度神经缺损组和轻度神经缺损组,差异显著（P＜0.05）;中度神经缺损组血清VCAM-1、MMP-2、TIMP-1水平及NIHSS评分显著高于轻度神经缺损组,差异显著（P＜0.05）;相关性分析结果中显示,血清VCAM-1、MMP-2、TIMP-1均和NIHSS评分呈正相关（r=0.603, 0.915, 0.778,P＜0.05）。结论：血清VCAM-1、MMP-2、TIMP-1在缺血性脑血管病患者中表达异常,神经缺损越严重血清VCAM-1、MMP-2、TIMP-1表达越高。     

Progress in matrix metalloproteinase research

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are now acknowledged as key players in the regulation of both cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions. They are involved in modifying matrix structure, growth factor availability and the function of cell surface signalling systems, with consequent effects on cellular differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. They play central roles in morphogenesis, wound healing, tissue repair and remodelling in response to injury and in the progression of diseases such as arthritis, cancer and cardiovascular disease. Because of their wide spectrum of activities and expression sites, the elucidation of their potential as drug targets in disease or as important features of the repair process will be dependent upon careful analysis of their role in different cellular locations and at different disease stages. Novel approaches to the specific regulation of individual MMPs in different contexts are also being developed.     

Control of matrix metalloproteinase catalytic activity

As their name implies, MMPs were first described as proteases that degrade extracellular matrix proteins, such as collagens, elastin, proteoglycans, and laminins. However, studies of MMP function in vivo have revealed that these proteinases act on a variety of extracellular protein substrates, often to activate latent forms of effector proteins, such as antimicrobial peptides and cytokines, or to alter protein function, such as shedding of cell-surface proteins. Because their substrates are diverse, MMPs are involved in variety of homeostatic functions, such as bone remodeling, wound healing, and several aspects of immunity. However, MMPs are also involved in a number of pathological processes, such as tumor progression, fibrosis, chronic inflammation, tissue destruction, and more. A key step in regulating MMP proteolysis is the conversion of the zymogen into an active proteinase. Several proMMPs are activated in the secretion pathway by furin proprotein convertases, but for most the activation mechanisms are largely not known. In this review, we discuss both authentic and potential mechanisms of proMMP activation.     

Structural basis of matrix metalloproteinase function

The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) constitute a family of multidomain zinc endopeptidases which contain a catalytic domain with a common metzincin-like topology. The MMPs are involved not only in extracellular matrix degradation, but also in a number of other biological processes. Normally, their proteolytic activity is regulated precisely by their main endogenous protein inhibitors, in particular the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). Disruption of this balance results in serious diseases, such as arthritis, tumour growth and metastasis, rendering the MMPs attractive targets for inhibition therapy. Knowledge of their tertiary structures is crucial for a full understanding of their functional properties. Since the first publication of atomic MMP structures in 1994, much more structural information has become available on details of the catalytic domain, on its interaction with synthetic and protein inhibitors, on domain organization and on the formation of complexes with other proteins. This review will outline our current knowledge of MMP structure.     

Synthesis and characterization of dextran-peptide-methotrexate conjugates for tumor targeting via mediation by matrix metalloproteinase II and matrix metalloproteinase IX

We designed and synthesized new dextran-peptide-methotrexate conjugates for tumor-targeted delivery of chemotherapeutics via the mediation of matrix metalloproteinase II (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase IX (MMP-9), both being widely known tumor-associated enzymes. A robust and flexible synthesis procedure and process monitoring chromatography assays were developed. The linker chemistry and the backbone charge were optimized to allow high sensitivity of the conjugates toward the targeted enzymes. The optimal conjugate carries Pro-Val-Gly-Leu-Ile-Gly as the peptide linker, and the charge on the dextran backbone is fully neutralized. In the presence of the targeted enzymes, the peptide was cleaved and peptidyl methotrexate was released, with a kcat/Km value of 1.21 x 10(5) M(-1) s(-1) for MMP-2 and 3.60 x 10(3) M(-1) s(-1) for MMP-9, respectively. Satisfactory stability of the new conjugates was demonstrated in serum containing conditions, suggesting the conjugates can remain intact in systemic circulation. These findings supported the tumor targeting capability of the new conjugates and warranted further investigation with in vivo study.     

New heteroarylbenzenesulphonamides as matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors

A series of derivatives of 2,4- and 2,5-thiazolyl- or oxazolylbenzenesulphonamides has been prepared and evaluated as potential MMP inhibitors. The thiazole 15b have been found to exhibit MMP-2 and MMP-9 inhibitions higher than reference compounds GI 129471 and CGS 27023A.     

Exosite interactions impact matrix metalloproteinase collagen specificities

Members of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family selectively cleave collagens in vivo. However, the substrate structural determinants that facilitate interaction with specific MMPs are not well defined. We hypothesized that type I-III collagen sequences located N- or C-terminal to the physiological cleavage site mediate substrate selectivity among MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-8, MMP-13, and MMP-14/membrane-type 1 (MT1)-MMP. The enzyme kinetics for hydrolysis of three fluorogenic triple-helical peptides (fTHPs) was evaluated herein. The first fTHP contained consensus residues 769-783 from type I-III collagens, the second inserted α1(II) collagen residues 763-768 N-terminal to the consensus sequence, and the third inserted α1(II) collagen residues 784-792 C-terminal to the consensus sequence. Our analyses showed that insertion of the C-terminal residues significantly increased k(cat)/K(m) and k(cat) for MMP-1. MMP-13 showed the opposite behavior with a decreased k(cat)/K(m) and k(cat) and a greatly improved K(m) in response to the C-terminal residues. Insertion of the N-terminal residues enhanced k(cat)/K(m) and k(cat) for MMP-8 and MT1-MMP. For MMP-2, the C-terminal residues enhanced K(m) and dramatically decreased k(cat), resulting in a decrease in the overall activity. These changes in activities and kinetic parameters represented the collagen preferences of MMP-8, MMP-13, and MT1-MMP well. Thus, interactions with secondary binding sites (exosites) helped direct the specificity of these enzymes. However, MMP-1 collagen preferences were not recapitulated by the fTHP studies. The preference of MMP-1 for type III collagen appears to be primarily based on the flexibility of the hydrolysis site of type III collagen compared with types I and II. Further characterization of exosite determinants that govern interactions of MMPs with collagenous substrates should aid the development of pharmacotherapeutics that target individual MMPs.     

Interaction of human rheumatoid synovial collagenase (matrix metalloproteinase 1) and stromelysin (matrix metalloproteinase 3) with human alpha 2-macroglobulin and chicken ovostatin. Binding kinetics and identification of matrix metalloproteinase cleavage sites

The homologous proteinase inhibitors, human alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M) and chicken ovostatin, have been compared with respect to their "bait" region sequences and interactions with two human matrix metalloproteinases, collagenase and stromelysin. A stretch of 34 amino acid residues of the ovostatin bait region sequence was determined and the matrix metalloproteinase cleavage sites identified. Collagenase cleaved a X-Leu bond where X was unidentified, whereas the major cleavage site by stromelysin was at the Gly-Phe bond, 4 residues on the COOH-terminal side of the collagenase cleavage site. Collagenase cleaved the alpha 2M bait region at the Gly679-Leu680 bond, and stromelysin at Gly679-Leu680 and Phe684-Tyr685 bonds. Sequence similarity in the bait region of members of the alpha-macroglobulin family is strikingly low. The kinetic studies indicate that alpha 2M is a 150-fold better substrate for collagenase than type I collagen. Structural predictions based on the bait region sequences suggest that a collagen-like triple helical structure is not a prerequisite for the efficient binding of tissue collagenase to a substrate. The binding of stromelysin to alpha 2M is slower than that of collagenase. Stromelysin reacts with ovostatin even more slowly. Despite the preference of chicken ovostatin for metalloproteinases, human alpha 2M, a far less selective inhibitor, reacts more rapidly with collagenase and stromelysin. These results suggest that alpha 2M may play an important role in regulating the activities of matrix metalloproteinases in the extracellular space.