外源GSH对盐胁迫下番茄幼苗生长及抗逆生理指标的影响

采用营养液栽培法,研究外源谷胱甘肽(GSH)对NaCl胁迫下番茄幼苗生长、根系活力、电解质渗透率和丙二醛(MDA)、脯氨酸(Pro)、可溶性糖含量以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的影响,为利用外源物质减轻盐胁迫伤害提供理论依据。结果显示:(1)NaCl胁迫显著抑制了番茄幼苗的生长、根系活力和SOD、POD、CAT活性,提高了电解质渗透率及MDA、Pro、可溶性糖含量;(2)外源喷施GSH能够诱导NaCl胁迫下番茄幼苗叶片抗氧化酶SOD、POD、CAT活性上调,电解质渗透率及MDA含量下降,Pro和可溶性糖含量恢复至对照水平;(3)外源喷施还原型谷胱甘肽抑制剂(BSO)使NaCl胁迫下番茄幼苗的根系活力以及抗氧化酶SOD、POD、CAT活性下降,脯氨酸含量提高;(4)喷施GSH可诱导BSO和NaCl共处理番茄植株的根系活力、SOD、POD、CAT活性提高,MDA和Pro含量降低。研究表明,外源GSH可通过提高促进盐胁迫下番茄幼苗植株渗透调节能力及清除活性氧的酶促系统的防御能力、降低细胞膜脂过氧化程度、保护膜结构的完整性,从而有效缓解NaCl胁迫对番茄幼苗生长的抑制,提高其耐盐性。     

NaCl分根胁迫对羊草幼苗生长及其生理生化特性的影响

在自动控制的遮雨棚中,研究了200 mmol·L-1NaCl胁迫对不同分根处理羊草幼苗生物量、活性氧代谢以及渗透调节物质含量的影响.结果表明:单一胁迫根茎(RHS)、单一胁迫根系(ROS)以及同时胁迫根茎和根系(RHSS)3种处理方式下羊草幼苗各器官干重均低于对照,且大体呈现RHSS>ROS>RHS趋势.在RHS和ROS处理下,羊草叶片和根茎SOD、POD、CAT活性及MDA含量均无显著差异;RHSS处理时根系中SOD、CAT活性相比ROS处理显著降低.3种处理下根茎和根系MDA、可溶性糖、脯氨酸含量均显著高于对照,可溶性糖、脯氨酸含量在RHS和ROS处理间存在显著差异.可见,根茎在羊草响应盐胁迫的生理过程中与根系具有类似的功能;盐胁迫下羊草不同器官同一抗氧化酶对活性氧淬灭具有不同的作用,与POD相比不同器官SOD和CAT作用可能更大;根茎可能参与光合同化物——可溶性糖在羊草地上部和地下部的调节运输,且协同根系增强了羊草对盐胁迫的耐性作用.     

丛枝菌根真菌对盐胁迫下黄瓜幼苗渗透调节物质含量和抗氧化酶活性的影响

以盐敏感型黄瓜品种‘津春2号’为材料,研究了丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)对盐胁迫下黄瓜幼苗生长及叶片、根系中渗透调节物质含量和抗氧化酶活性的影响.结果表明:(1)在盐胁迫条件下,黄瓜幼苗生长受到明显抑制,其株高、地上部、地下部干鲜重均明显减小,同时体内可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、脯氨酸和MDA含量,以及O2(÷)产生速率和SOD、POD、CAT活性均比对照显著升高.(2)盐胁迫下接种AMF可显著促进黄瓜植株的生长,进一步提高黄瓜幼苗体内可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量及SOD、POD、CAT活性,而显著降低MDA含量和O2(÷)产生速率.研究表明,AMF可通过显著促进盐胁迫下黄瓜幼苗体内渗透调节物质积累和抗氧化酶活性提高,有效降低体内膜脂过氧化水平,从而缓解盐胁迫对植株的伤害,增强黄瓜幼苗对盐胁迫的耐性.     

AMF对弱光及盐胁迫下甜瓜生长和抗氧化酶活性的影响

以甜瓜(Cucumis melo L.)品种"中蜜3号"为试材,摩西球囊霉菌(Glmous mosseae,GM)为供试菌种,采用温室盆栽试验研究接种丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)对弱光及盐胁迫下甜瓜生长和抗氧化酶活性的影响,以明确AMF对甜瓜复合逆境下的增抗作用并探讨其生理机制。结果显示:(1)在弱光及盐胁迫条件下,甜瓜幼苗生长受到明显抑制,其株高、干重和鲜重均明显降低,同时体内可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸和MDA含量以及SOD、POD、CAT活性均比对照显著升高。(2)弱光及盐胁迫下,接种AMF可显著促进甜瓜幼苗的生长,菌根侵染率随胁迫时间延长与盐浓度呈负相关关系。(3)弱光及盐胁迫下,接种AMF进一步提高了甜瓜幼苗体内可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、淀粉和脯氨酸含量及SOD、POD、CAT活性,显著降低了MDA含量,且叶片SOD、POD活性变化大于根系,CAT则相反。研究表明,AMF可通过促进弱光及盐胁迫下甜瓜生长和抗氧化酶活性的提高,有效降低体内膜脂过氧化水平,从而增强植株对弱光及盐胁迫的耐性。     

二倍体和四倍体杂交兰幼苗对低温胁迫的生理响应差异分析

为探究不同倍性杂交兰（Cymbidium hybrid）对低温胁迫的生理响应差异,对低温胁迫下（昼温10℃、夜温4℃）二倍体杂交兰以及四倍体杂交兰株系T1和T2幼苗叶片中脯氨酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质、MDA和叶绿素含量,O-·2产生速率以及SOD、POD和CAT活性的动态变化进行了测定和分析;在此基础上,比较了二倍体和四倍体杂交兰的耐低温特性差异。结果显示：随着胁迫时间的延长,二倍体杂交兰和四倍体杂交兰株系T1和T2幼苗叶片中脯氨酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质和MDA含量,O-·2产生速率以及POD和CAT活性总体呈逐渐增加的趋势;叶绿素含量呈逐渐下降的趋势;SOD活性呈先上升后下降的趋势,并分别在胁迫后第9天和第6天达到峰值。在常温（25℃）下恢复生长3d后,二倍体杂交兰和四倍体杂交兰株系T1和T2幼苗叶片中脯氨酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质和MDA含量,O-·2产生速率以及SOD、POD和CAT活性均降低,而叶绿素含量升高。总体上,二倍体杂交兰叶片中脯氨酸、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量以及SOD、POD和CAT活性的增幅明显小于四倍体杂交兰,MDA含量和O-·2产生速率的增幅则大于四倍体杂交兰,而叶绿素含量的降幅则明显大于四倍体杂交兰。综合分析结果表明：在低温胁迫下,四倍体杂交兰叶片中渗透调节物质含量和保护酶活性均较高,其对低温的耐性强于二倍体杂交兰。     

冬小麦幼苗根系适应土壤干旱的生理学变化

采用盆栽试验对冬小麦幼苗根系适应土壤干旱的生理学变化进行了初步研究。结果表明，随干旱胁迫的加剧，洛麦9133和济麦21幼苗根水势、根相对含水率和根系活力均降低，饱和亏、可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸含量、质膜透性以及SOD、POD活性均呈增加趋势。这说明，在干旱胁迫下，冬小麦幼苗根系通过降低水势、相对含水率和根系活力，增加渗透调节物质可溶性糖、脯氨酸含量和增强SOD、POD活性等生理上的变化以提高抗旱性，从而使冬小麦幼苗适应干旱逆境。     

氯化胆碱对盐胁迫黄瓜幼苗渗透调节物质及活性氧代谢系统的影响

以盐敏感型黄瓜品种津春4号为材料,采用水培方法研究了叶面喷施不同浓度(0.5、1.0和1.5 mmol·L-1)氯化胆碱(CC)对NaCl胁迫(75 mmol·L-1)下黄瓜幼苗鲜重、叶片叶绿素、渗透调节物质含量及活性氧代谢系统的影响.结果表明:(1)单独CC处理可提高黄瓜叶片的叶绿素、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量以及过氧化氢酶(CAT)与过氧化物酶(POD)活性,降低O2·-产生速率,但对植株鲜重及超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)活性影响不大;(2)NaCl胁迫处理增加了黄瓜幼苗叶片中可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量,增强了SOD、POD和CAT活性,提高了O2·-产生速率及丙二醛(MDA)的含量,但同时降低了叶绿素含量与植株鲜重;(3)盐胁迫前CC预处理可缓解黄瓜幼苗叶绿素含量和植株鲜重的下降、以及MDA含量和O2·-产生速率的上升趋势,且进一步提高了盐胁迫下黄瓜叶片中SOD、POD和CAT活性.因此,适宜浓度的氯化胆碱可显著提高盐胁迫下黄瓜叶片的抗氧化酶活性,提高清除活性氧的能力,缓解盐胁迫对黄瓜幼苗细胞膜的伤害,增强黄瓜幼苗的耐盐性.     

外源Ca(NO_3)_2对NaCl胁迫下番茄幼苗生理特征的影响

以番茄品种'农城906'和"毛粉802'幼苗为材料,利用Hoagland基础培养液,研究在150 mmol/L NaCl胁迫下外源10、20、30和40 mmol/L Ca(NO3)2对番茄植株盐胁迫的缓解作用.结果显示,(1) NaCl胁迫显著降低了2个品种幼苗地上和地下部分干重、叶片叶绿素含量和根系活力,增加了幼苗的可溶性糖含量、细胞膜透性和MDA含量,同时使其CAT、POD、SOD活性显著降低;(2)添加20 mmol/L Ca(NO3)2能够有效提高盐胁迫条件下幼苗的地上和地下部干重,缓解叶绿素的降解和根系活力的下降,增加幼苗体内可溶性糖含量,降低叶片质膜透性和MDA含量,增强幼苗体内POD、CAT等细胞保护酶活性,但随着Ca(NO3)2浓度的继续增加,这种缓解作用逐渐减小.研究表明,一定浓度的外源Ca(NO3)2能有效缓解NaCl对番茄幼苗的生长和生理伤害,在一定程度上增强番茄幼苗对盐胁迫的耐受力,并以20 mmol/L Ca(NO3)2对NaCl胁迫的缓解效果最佳.     

NaCl胁迫对6种红花幼苗渗透调节物质及抗氧化系统的影响

采用沙培法,对红花（Carthamus tinctorius L.）6个品种幼苗进行不同浓度的NaCl胁迫处理,研究其叶绿素（Chl）、丙二醛（MDA）、可溶性糖（SS）含量及抗氧化酶（SOD、POD和CAT）活性的变化,并用隶属函数法对其耐盐性进行综合评定。结果表明：（1）随着盐浓度的增加,除封丘红花幼苗叶绿素含量逐渐下降之外,其它品种均呈先升高后降低的趋势;（2）盐胁迫下各种红花幼苗丙二醛和可溶性糖含量较对照均有显著增加,可溶性蛋白含量先增加后减少;（3）菏泽红花和川红花SOD活性在盐浓度为50mmol/L时与对照相比升高,随后下降,其它品种均呈下降趋势;NaCl胁迫下,6个红花品种POD和CAT活性都是先升高后降低;（4）应用隶属函数法,得出耐盐性的大小顺序为：封丘红花〉菏泽红花〉川红花〉亳州红花〉云红3号〉新疆红花。     

盐胁迫下OsDSR2 RNAi转基因水稻的生理特性及转录组学分析

为探究盐胁迫下OsDSR2 RNAi转基因水稻的生理特性和差异基因的表达调控,以中花11(ZH11)植株为对照,对OsDSR2 RNAi转基因水稻幼苗进行生理特性和转录组学分析,结果表明:正常条件下,ZH11和Os DSR2 RNAi转基因水稻中叶绿素含量和根部Na+/K+均显著低于ZH11,其他各项生理指标均没有显著性差异,而盐胁迫处理后,Os DSR2 RNAi转基因水稻中的叶绿素含量、可溶性糖(SS)含量、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性与ZH11相比没有明显变化,但转基因植株中的细胞膜透性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、Na+/K+显著或极显著低于ZH11,脯氨酸(Pro)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性显著或极显著高于ZH11。Os DSR2 RNAi转基因水稻在盐胁迫前后共产生68个差异表达基因,其中有55个上调表达,13个下调表达。GO分析结果显示,差异表达基因主要富集在胁迫应激反应、分解代谢等生物学过程中。KEGG分析结果表明,差异表达基因主要参与类胡萝卜素生物合成、油菜素内酯生物合成以及表皮素,软木脂和蜡质生物合成代谢通路中,进一步通过RT-q PCR验证了Osb ZIP16、Os LEA3、RAB21等差异表达基因参与水稻的胁迫应答反应。综上,在生理层面上,Os DSR2 RNAi转基因水稻主要通过降低细胞膜透性、MDA含量和Na+/K+,增加Pro含量,提高SOD和POD活性,抑制叶绿素的降解来提高耐盐性;在分子水平上,Os DSR2主要通过脱落酸(ABA)、油菜素内酯(BR)信号通路参与调控Osb ZIP16、Os LEA3、RAB21等逆境相关基因的表达来提高苗期水稻的耐盐性,为进一步阐明Os DSR2参与调控水稻耐盐的详细分子机制奠定基础。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various