慢性重型肝炎患者血浆D-二聚体和纤维蛋白原水平的变化

目的:分析慢性重型肝炎患者血浆D-二聚体和纤维蛋白原水平的变化及其临床意义.方法:应用乳胶比浊法及凝固法分别测定血浆D-二聚体和纤维蛋白原的水平,其中慢性重型肝炎患者40例,慢性肝炎患者28例作为对照组.结果:慢性重型肝炎患者血浆D-二聚体及纤维蛋白原检测异常率分别为62.5％(25/40)、92.5％(37/40),明显高于慢性肝炎组0％(0/28)、28.6％(8/28).慢性重型肝炎患者血浆D-二聚体及纤维蛋白原检测水平分别为3.45± 1.90 μg/mL、1.36± 0.49 g/L,慢性肝炎组患者血浆D-二聚体及纤维蛋白原检测水平分别0.91± 0.47 μg/mL、2.53± 1.02 g/L,组间比较差异有统计学意义.慢性重型肝炎组患者27例死亡,13例好转出院,死亡组患者血浆D-二聚体异常率74.1％ (20/27),检测水平为3.92± 1.76μg/mL,纤维蛋白原异常率100％(27/27),检测水平为1.17± 0.4 g/L;好转组患者血浆D-二聚体异常率38.5％(5/13),检测水平为2.48± 1.88 μg/mL,纤维蛋白原异常率为76.9％(10/13),检测水平为1.74± 0.44 g/L,差别有统计学意义.结论:慢性重型肝炎患者血浆D-二聚体水平明显增高,纤维蛋白原明显下降,并与患者的病情严重程度及预后相关,检测血浆D-二聚体和纤维蛋白原水平可以作为慢性重型肝炎患者病情轻重及预后判断的临床指标.     

D- 二聚体在急性心肌梗死诊断中的应用研究

目的:探讨D-二聚体在急性心肌梗死诊断中的应用价值,为提高急性心肌梗死的诊断准确性提供有益的参考.方法:以我院2010年1月至2011年1月收治的急性心肌梗死患者34例为实验组,以我院同期健康体检的34例为对照组,对两组的基础水平以及实验组溶栓治疗各时间点的D-二聚体水平进行检测分析.结果:在基础状态下实验组的D-二聚体为(1.59±0.31)mg/L,显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).实验组患者在溶栓治疗6h后的D-二聚体水平为(3.48± 1.40)mg/L,显著高于溶栓治疗前(P＜0.05).其余各时间点的测量值差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:D-二聚体检测有利于急性心肌梗死患者的诊断,对临床治疗和预后有较好的指导意义,是较好的心肌梗死诊断分子标志物.在发现D-二聚体水平异常时,应结合临床症状、心电图、胸部X光片的结果进行综合判断,确保诊断的可靠性.     

凝血检测项目在冠心病患者中的结果分析

目的:观察冠心病患者凝血检测项目的变化,探讨D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原(Fib)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)在冠心病患者中的临床意义。方法:选择2014年1月至2015年12月在我院诊治的136例冠心病患者作为实验组,分为稳定型心绞痛(SA)组(39例)、不稳定型心绞痛(UA)组(60例)和急性心肌梗死(AMI)组(37例),同时选取我院同一时期的72例健康体检人员为对照组,采用STAGO全自动血凝仪检测PT、APTT、Fib,采用Sysmex CS5100自动凝血仪检测D-二聚体,收集各组人员首次检测时的D-二聚体、Fib、APTT、PT值,用SPSS20.0软件分析数据,计量资料数据以x±s表示,两两比较采用t检验,P0.05表示有统计学差异。结果:对照组、UA组、SA组、AMI组的D-二聚体分别为0.3313±0.07746、1.3079±0.69572、1.0598±0.78955和1.3322±0.69385μg/m L,各实验组和对照组比较,均为P0.05。对照组、UA组、SA组、AMI组的Fib分别为3.6250±0.85014、3.6872±1.08220、3.7967±0.94599和4.0486±1.54536 mg/d L,AMI组与对照组比较,P0.05;SA组、UA组与对照组比较,P0.05。对照组、UA组、SA组、AMI组的APTT分别为36.9208±7.89774、33.6256±5.70266、34.8117±6.69004和30.3081±6.61838 s,UA组、AMI组与对照组比较,P0.05;SA组与对照组比较,P0.05。对照组、UA组、SA组、AMI组的PT分别为13.8181±3.94088、13.2692±2.73266、13.7867±1.73806和13.4730±5.03525 s,各实验组和对照组比较,均为P0.05。结论:与对照组比较,UA组、SA组、AMI组的D-二聚体均增高,且具有统计学意义,所以D-二聚体可以作为冠心病检测的敏感凝血系统指标;Fib、APTT、PT虽然对冠心病检测不是很敏感,但Fib有偏高趋势,而APTT、PT有偏低趋势,可以作为机体处于高凝血状态的监测指标,特别在AMI时,D-二聚体、Fib、APTT结果异常更明显。因此,检测这些凝血指标有助于冠心病的诊断和病情判断。     

血浆D- 二聚体检测在下肢深静脉血栓诊断中的价值

目的:探讨血浆D-二聚体在下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)中的诊疗价值。方法:用SYS MEX CA2 1500全自动血凝分析仪检测185例可疑为DVT患者及60例健康体检者血浆中纤维蛋白降解产物D-二聚体水平,比较其D-二聚体水平与健康体检组的差别。结果:60例健康体检者及185例疑似DVT患者中18例患者血浆D-二聚体含量<临界值,经下肢彩色多普勒超声检查证实无一例患有DVT;167例患者血浆D-二聚体含量≥临界值,经下肢彩色多普勒超声检查证实DVT患者150例,D-二聚体检测DVT的敏感性、特异性、阳性预期值、阴性预期值分别为100%、51.43%、89.82%、100%。结论:血浆D-二聚体检测具有快速、经济、无创、可动态监测等优点,可以作为DVT诊断的排除试验,值得在临床检验诊断中推广应用。     

肠屏障功能障碍与胃癌恶液质关系的临床研究

目的:观察胃癌恶液质患者血浆内毒素(LPS)水平、血浆D-乳酸(D-LAC)水平、血浆二胺氧化酶(DAO)水平及肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)水平,初步探讨肠屏障功能障碍与胃癌恶液质的关系。方法:选取2014年3月至2014年12月我院普外科预行手术治疗的胃癌恶液质患者30例,年龄及性别匹配的胃癌非恶液质患者50例,健康对照者80例,采用偶氮显色鲎试验法定量测定外周血LPS水平,改良分光光度法测定外周血D-LAC水平,ELISA法测定血浆DAO水平及TNF-α水平,并记录各组身高、体质量、总蛋白、白蛋白及血红蛋白等指标。结果:胃癌恶液质组血浆LPS水平、D-LAC水平、血浆DAO水平及TNF-α水平显著高于胃癌非恶液质组[LPS:(0.33±0.09)EU/m Lvs(0.17±0.03)EU/m L,P0.05;D-LAC:(1.82±0.10)mg/L vs(1.47±0.07)mg/L,P0.05;DAO:(4.38±0.65)μg/Lvs(2.71±0.52)μg/L,P0.05;TNF-α:(0.51±0.13)μg/L vs(0.30±0.16)μg/L,P0.05];对照组血浆LPS水平、D-LAC水平、血浆DAO水平及TNF-α水平显著低于非恶液质组[LPS:(0.07±0.03)EU/m L vs(0.17±0.03)EU/m L,P0.05;D-LAC:(0.81±0.74)mg/L vs(1.47±0.07)mg/L,P0.05;DAO:(1.84±0.15)μg/L vs(2.71±0.52)μg/L,P0.05;TNF-α:(0.11±0.12)μg/L vs(0.30±0.16)μg/L,P0.05]。胃癌恶液质组(r=0.94,P0.01)、非恶液质组(r=0.93,P0.01)及对照组(r=0.91,P0.01)血浆LPS水平均与TNF-α呈显著正相关。结论:胃癌恶液质患者的肠黏膜通透性增加,可发生内毒素易位,其血浆LPS水平与TNF-α水平呈显著正相关。     

两种血清隐球菌荚膜多糖抗原检测方法在肺隐球菌病中的应用研究

目的探讨并比较血清酶联免疫分析法(ELISA)和侧流免疫层析法(LFA)检测血清隐球菌荚膜多糖抗原(CrAg)在肺隐球菌病(PC)中的应用价值。方法采集2016年1月～2018年6月福建省福州肺科医院109例疑似PC患者的血液,采用ELISA和LFA两种方法对血清CrAg进行检测,对比分析两种方法对PC的诊断效率,同时监测治疗过程中血清CrAg的浓度变化。结果 109例患者中,经肺活检或肺穿刺液隐球菌检测确诊为PC53例,非PC56例,检验结果如下:(1)应用ELISA方法,PC组血清CrAg浓度为[11.43(5.92,47.96)]μg/L,其中CrAg≤3.2μg/L的例数明显低于非PC组,而CrAg≥5.0μg/L的例数则明显高于非PC组,两者比较差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。应用LFA方法,PC组血清CrAg检测阳性率明显高于非PC组,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。(2)应用ROC曲线分析显示,ELISA检测血清CrAg的曲线下面积为0.939(95%可信区间为0.892～0.985)。其中截断值取3.54μg/L时约登指数最高,视为最佳截断值,对应的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值分别为94.3%、80.4%、82.0%和93.8%。(3)当血清CrAg取4.0μg/L为截断值时,ELISA和LFA的诊断敏感度(88.7%和83.0%)两者比较差异无统计学差异(P0.05),但ELISA特异度(82.1%)明显低于LFA(98.2%),两者比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。当截断值分别取5.0μg/L、6.0μg/L和7.0μg/L时,ELISA和LFA的诊断敏感度及特异度相当(均P0.05)。当取8.0μg/L为截断值时,ELISA的诊断敏感度(62.3%)明显低于LFA(83.0%),两者比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),但特异度(100%和98.2%)两者大致相仿(P0.05)。(4)14例患者在抗真菌治疗过程中监测血清CrAg的浓度变化,治疗前荚膜抗原浓度为[19.33(7.11,43.46)]μg/L,治疗后6个月荚膜抗原浓度为[8.09(5.39,11.90)]μg/L,较前明显下降,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论血清CrAg浓度为3.54μg/L时视为ELISA的最佳截断值,但当取5.0μg/L为截断值时,ELISA同时有较好的诊断敏感度和特异度,且和LFA的诊断效率相当,两种方法均有助于对PC的快速诊断,值得临床推广。与LFA定性检测相比,ELISA可动态监测血清CrAg的浓度变化,有助于PC的疗效判断和预后评估。     

血栓通对急性脑梗塞患者血清D-二聚体和超敏C反应蛋白的作用

目的:观察血栓通对急性脑梗死(actue cerebral infarction,ACI)患者血清D-二聚体和超敏C反应蛋白(high sensitivity C-reactive protein,hs-CRP)水平的影响。方法:将68例ACI患者随机分为观察组和对照组。两组进行常规治疗,观察组加用血栓通0.5 g/d,静滴。于治疗前、治疗后3 d、7 d和14 d检测患者血清D-二聚体和hs-CRP浓度变化,比较两组治疗前后改良爱丁堡-斯堪的纳维亚神经功能评分(MESSS)及日常生活能力Barthel指数(BI)的变化。结果:观察组在治疗后3 d、7 d和14 d,血清D-二聚体和hs-CRP浓度较对照组明显降低(P0.05),MESSS和BI评分在治疗后7 d和14 d较对照组明显改善(P0.05)。观察组的显效率和总有效率高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:血栓通可降低ACI患者血清D-二聚体和hs-CRP水平,改善神经功能,是一种有效治疗急性脑梗塞的方法。     

血浆D-二聚体检测在下肢深静脉血栓诊断中的价值

目的：探讨血浆D-二聚体在下肢深静脉血栓形成（DVT）中的诊疗价值。方法：用SYSMEXCA21500全自动血凝分析仪检测185例可疑为DVT患者及60例健康体检者血浆中纤维蛋白降解产物D-二聚体水平,比较其D-二聚体水平与健康体检组的差别。结果：60例健康体检者及185例疑似DVT患者中18例患者血浆D-二聚体含量〈临界值,经下肢彩色多普勒超声检查证实无一例患有DVT;167例患者血浆D-二聚体含量≥临界值,经下肢彩色多普勒超声检查证实DVT患者150例,D-二聚体检测DVT的敏感性、特异性、阳性预期值、阴性预期值分别为100％、51．43％、89．82％、100％。结论：血浆D-二聚体检测具有快速、经济、无创-可动态监测等优点。可以作为DVT诊断的排除试验,值得在临床检验诊断中推广应用。     

晨尿AD7c-NTP水平与轻度认知障碍之间的关系

目的:探讨老年男性晨尿阿尔茨海默病相关神经丝蛋白(AD7c-NTP)水平与轻度认知障碍(MCI)发病之间关系。方法:收集341例住院老年男性患者中段晨尿,采用双抗体夹心法测定尿液AD7c-NTP浓度。同时,对患者进行痴呆系列测试、行头颅CT和(或)MRI检查。根据测试结果剔除20例早老性痴呆患者,剩余321例患者根据测试及检查结果分为对照和MCI组,两组病例数分别为270例和51例,分析尿液AD7c-NTP浓度与年龄和MCI发病之间关系。结果:老年男性晨尿AD7c-NTP浓度呈偏态分布,测定结果中位数为0.475μg/L(0.001μg/L-8.85μg/L);对照组年龄76.0±9.0岁,AD7c-NTP测定结果中位数为0.467μg/L(0.001μg/L-8.85μg/L);MCI组51例年龄85.7±8.2岁,AD7c-NTP测定结果中位数为0.862μg/L(0.10μg/L-8.20μg/L);两组年龄之间存在显著差异(P=0.000);晨尿AD7c-NTP浓度与年龄的Spearman相关系数为0.267(P=0.00)。未考虑年龄影响时,两组ln(AD7c-NTP)之间差异有显著(P=0.041);考虑年龄影响后,两组ln(AD7c-NTP)之间差异显著性消失(P=0.604)。结论:晨尿AD7c-NTP浓度与年龄相关,AD7c-NTP与MCI发病之间关系需进一步研究。     

血清降钙素原测定在ICU感染中的应用研究

目的探讨血清降钙素原测定在ICU患者感染诊断及预测中的应用价值。方法对我院ICU 2011年1月~2012年12月收治的102例患者进行病原学检查,并根据诊断结果,将患者分为感染组和非感染组,同时检测两组患者的血清PCT水平,并比较分析。另外,分别以0.5μg/L和0.2μg/L为阀值,观察不同阀值下血清PCT预测感染发生的灵敏度、特异性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值,以期探寻降钙素原预测细菌感染发生的准确阀值。结果 102例患者中,感染组患者62例,平均血清PCT水平为(4.35±2.33)μg/L;未感染组患者40例,平均血清PCT水平为(1.22±1.02)μg/L。两组患者的血清PCT水平比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。当阀值为0.2μg/L时,血清PCT预测感染发生的灵敏度、特异性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为77.42%、60%、75%、63.16%;当阀值为0.5μg/L时,依次为95.16%、85%、90.77%、91.89%。两个阈值比较,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论血清降钙素原水平升高可作为诊断ICU感染的重要敏感指标,当血清降钙素原阀值为0.5μg/L左右时,可提高血清PCT预测细菌感染发生的灵敏度、特异性。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.