应用原代软骨细胞与SW1353软骨肉瘤细胞系建立体外骨关节炎模型的效果评价

目的通过比较白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)处理对原代软骨细胞与SW1353软骨肉瘤细胞系增殖活力、炎症因子与炎症通路表达水平变化的影响,为骨关节炎体外研究用细胞提供多重选择。方法免疫细胞化学法与甲苯胺蓝染色分别检测细胞中Ⅱ型胶原与蛋白多糖,鉴定所培养的原代细胞是否为软骨细胞。CCK-8法检测IL-1β(10ng/ml)处理24h、48h、72h对原代软骨细胞增殖活力的影响,IL-1β(1、10、20、40ng/ml)处理24h对SW1353软骨肉瘤细胞系增殖活力的影响。IL-1β(10ng/ml)分别处理原代软骨细胞与SW1353软骨肉瘤细胞系细胞24h后,ELISA法检测细胞培养上清中白细胞介素6(interleukin-6,IL-6)与基质金属蛋白酶-13(matrix metalloproteinase-13,MMP-13)的表达水平。Real-time PCR法检测核因子-κB(nuclear factor-κB,NF-κB)mRNA表达水平。结果所培养的原代细胞为原代软骨细胞。IL-1β(10ng/ml)处理可显著抑制原代软骨细胞增殖活力,但IL-1β(1、10、20、40 ng/ml)处理对SW1353软骨肉瘤细胞系增殖活力无明显影响。IL-1β(10ng/ml)处理可使IL-6、MMP-13表达水平及NF-κB mRNA的表达量均显著增加。结论IL-1β作用下原代软骨细胞与SW1353软骨肉瘤细胞系均可表现出骨关节炎样炎症反应,二者均可用于骨关节炎的体外实验研究。     

布地奈德对A549细胞胸腺基质淋巴细胞生成素表达作用的研究

目的:观察细胞因子刺激气道上皮细胞胸腺基质淋巴细胞生成素(TSLP)表达是否涉及核因子κB(NF-κB),并探讨糖皮质激素布地奈德对气道上皮细胞TSLP表达和NF-κB核转位的影响.方法:A549细胞与细胞因子白介素1β(IL-1β)、白介素4(IL-4)和布地奈德共同孵育,以不加任何细胞因子或布地奈德培养的A549细胞为对照组,采用RT-PCR方法测定TSLP mRNA表达,细胞免疫荧光方法检测TSLP和NF-κB的表达情况.结果:与对照组比较,IL-1β(10 ng/ml)及IL-4(10 ng/ml)显著刺激A549细胞TSLP mRNA表达,且NF-κB(p65)核转住增加(均P＜0.05).布地奈德干预后TSLP mRNA的表达和NF-κB(p65)的核转位显著减少(P＜0.05).结论:细胞因子促进气道上皮细胞诱导性表达TSLP与NF-κB激活有关,抑制TSLP表达和NF-κB激活可能是布地奈德治疗哮喘的重要机制.     

小反刍兽疫病毒Nigeria75/1疫苗毒及其N蛋白对山羊PBMCs免疫效应的影响

小反刍兽疫(PPR)是羊、骆驼等小反刍动物的一种急性、烈性、接触性A类传染病,发病率和致死率极高.目前,PPR在全球仍呈现区域性流行和多地散发势态.为探讨PPRV及N蛋白体外诱导山羊外周血单个核细胞(PBMCs)在不同时间对PBMCs免疫应答效应的影响.本研究将PPRVNigeria75/1疫苗毒(1 MOI)、重组N蛋白(10μg/mL)和RPMI 1640(阴性对照)体外刺激PBMCs 48h、72h、96h.采用CCK-8法检测PBMCs细胞增殖情况;qRT-PCR及ELISA检测炎症因子包括IL-1β、IL-6、IL-10、TNF-a和IFN-γ的mRNA表达水平及分泌情况;流式细胞术检测T细胞CD4+和CD8+的表达、及单核来源树突状细胞(DCs)表面分子CD40、CD86、CD80的表达、以及检测PPRV感染PBMCs引起的细胞凋亡.研究发现:与对照组相比,PPRV能够抑制PBMCs的体外增殖,显著促进炎症因子IL-1β、IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α、IFN-γ的表达(P＜0.05).并且PPRV感染PBMCs产生细胞凋亡,促进CD4+T细胞和CD8+T细胞表达.另外PPRV体外刺激DCs,CD40、CD86、CD80的表达显著升高(P＜0.05),提示PPRV具有刺激DCs细胞成熟与分化的功能.进一步研究发现PPRV N蛋白体外刺激PBMCs能引起与PPRV作用相同的免疫效应.本研究表明PPRV Nigeria75/1疫苗毒体外感染PBMCs主要引起炎症反应与细胞凋亡、促进单核来源DCs成熟与分化,并且N蛋白参与PPRV引起的各项免疫功能.     

葛根素对极低频电磁辐射下HFSF细胞中MMP-2 与COL1A1 的影响

目的：研究葛根素对极低频电磁场(ELF-EMFs)诱导的人胚胎眼巩膜成纤维细胞(HFSFs)中基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)与I型 胶原(COL1Al)的影响。方法：体外培养HFSF 细胞，并将其分为对照组、辐射组、葛根素组，通过明胶酶谱法检测MMP-2的活性， Western-Blot 检测MMP-2、COL1A1 蛋白的表达。结果：暴露于0.2 mT、50Hz 的电磁辐射系统24 h 后，HFSF 细胞(辐照组)MMP-2 酶活性较对照组增高20%，MMP-2 蛋白表达升高45%，而COL1A1的蛋白表达下降40%，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)；而与辐射 组比较，葛根素组HFSF细胞MMP-2 酶活性下降33 %，MMP-2 蛋白表达降低44.1 %，COL1A1 蛋白升高80%，差异有统计学意 义(P<0.05)。结论：极低频电磁辐射可提高HFSF 细胞中MMP-2 的活性与蛋白表达，抑制COL1Al的合成，葛根素可在一定程度上 逆转这一作用。     

β-淀粉样蛋白对BV2小胶质细胞促炎作用的研究

目的探讨β-淀粉样蛋白(β-amyloid,Aβ)促进BV2小胶质细胞产生炎性因子IL-1β和TNFα的作用机制。方法体外培养BV2小胶质细胞,应用Aβ1-42作用于BV2小胶质细胞,或用吡咯烷二硫代氨基甲酸盐(PDTC)预孵育再给予Aβ1-42刺激,实时荧光定量反转录聚合酶链反应法(RT–PCR)检测IL-1β和TNFαmRNA表达;免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测胞核中NF-κB p65及其抑制蛋白胞浆中IkBα的表达。结果 Aβ1-42作用于BV2小胶质细胞后,Westernblot显示胞浆内IkBα表达下降,胞核内NF-κB p65表达明显增加,RT-PCR测定IL-1β和TNFαmRNA的表达增加;给予NF-κB信号通路特异阻断剂PDTC后,胞浆IkBα的下降和胞核内NF-κB p65的增加均被抑制,同时IL-1β和TNFαmRNA的表达亦受到抑制,PDTC的抑制效果呈剂量依赖性。结论 Aβ可通过激活小胶质细胞NF-κB信号通路促进IL-1β和TNFα的表达。     

EGCG对LPS刺激人肺腺癌A549细胞凋亡及CUGBP1蛋白表达的影响

目的:研究表没食子儿茶素-3-没食子酸酯(epigallocatechin-3-gallate,EGCG)对炎性刺激的人肺腺癌A549细胞增殖和凋亡的影响及与CUGBP1表达的关系。方法:MTT法检测EGCG和LPS刺激A549细胞增殖活性的影响;流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡;免疫细胞化学检测EGCG对LPS刺激人肺腺癌A549细胞内CUGBP1蛋白的表达。结果:与对照组相比,LPS体外显著促进A549细胞增殖,其胞核胞质内CUGBP1表达明显增强(P0.01)。加入EGCG可拮抗LPS促A549细胞增殖的作用,促进其凋亡,明显抑制LPS刺激的A549细胞内CUGBP1的表达(P0.01)。CUGBP1蛋白定量分析可知EGCG和LPS共同孵育A549细胞4h、24h时,细胞中的CUGBP1蛋白表达量较单纯LPS作用时降低。但EGCG和LPS共同孵育A549细胞24h,A549细胞中胞核CUGBP1蛋白表达量(1210.565±3.46)较4h时胞核CUGBP1蛋白表达量(67.344±3.68)高,差异有统计学意义(t=927.164,P0.001)。结论:EGCG可能通过干扰CUGBP1基因的表达抑制炎症刺激人肺腺癌细胞A549的增殖,促进其凋亡。     

EGb761对LPS诱导THP-1细胞释放HMGB1蛋白表达的调节

目的:探讨EGb761对LPS诱导THP-1细胞释放HMGB1蛋白表达的调节,为EGb761的临床运用提供可行的依据。方法:LPS(1μg/m L)诱导不同时间后,western blotting检测THP-1细胞上清液中HMGB1蛋白含量变化及不同浓度EGb761对LPS诱导THP-1细胞释放HMGB1蛋白的表达和NF-κB的活性;酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测细胞中IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α的含量。共聚焦显微镜观察EGb761对LPS诱导THP-1细胞释放HMGB1蛋白核转位变化。结果:(1)LPS组IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α的含量在刺激6-12 h后明显高于空白对照组,而EGb761+LPS组IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α的含量均显著低于LPS组(P0.05)。(2)EGb761处理LPS诱导THP-1细胞6 h后细胞上清液NF-κB活性表达量较空白对照组低,随着处理时间延长至12 h,NF-κB的活性表达量呈明显下降趋势(P0.05)。(3)LPS诱导THP-1细胞18 h后,细胞上清液中HMGB1蛋白含量呈明显升高趋势(P0.05)。(4)不同浓度EGb761对LPS诱导THP-1细胞18 h后,HMGB1蛋白含量较空白对照组有下降趋势,HMGB1蛋白含量随着EGB761浓度增加至100μg/m L呈下降趋势并呈浓度依赖效应(P0.05)。(5)LPS诱导THP-1细胞后,在共聚焦显微镜下可见胞浆中大量HMGB1蛋白标记分布,而EGb761+LPS共同诱导THP-1细胞后胞浆中可见少量HMGB1蛋白分布。结论:LPS可诱导THP-1细胞IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α表达增多及NF-κB活化,导致HMGB1蛋白表达增多及核转位,而EGB761能抑制THP-1细胞IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α表达及NF-κB活化,调节HMGB1蛋白的表达及核转位。     

吞噬细胞运动蛋白1通过NF-κB/snail信号通路促进肺腺癌细胞A549的上皮-间质转化

吞噬细胞运动蛋白1(engulfment and cell motility 1,ELMO1)在许多恶性肿瘤的侵袭转移中发挥重要作用,但其在肺腺癌侵袭转移中的研究相对较少。本研究旨在探讨ELMO1在肺腺癌上皮-间质转化(epithelial-mesenchymal transition,EMT)中的作用,为临床预防肺腺癌的侵袭和转移提供理论和实验依据。Western印迹结果显示,ELMO1在人正常肺上皮细胞BEAS-2B中的蛋白质表达水平低,而在人肺腺癌细胞A549中表达水平高。si ELMO1/A549细胞组中ELMO1的表达水平明显降低。用白细胞介素-8(interleukin-8,IL-8)刺激肺腺癌细胞A549 24 h后,趋化运动实验结果显示,IL-8浓度为100 ng/m L时为最适刺激浓度,此时肺腺癌细胞A549具有最强的趋化运动能力,增高或降低IL-8的浓度时细胞的趋化运动能力均下降。Transwell侵袭实验结果显示,用IL-8刺激24 h后,si ELMO1/A549细胞相比于Scr/A549细胞组的侵袭转移能力明显减弱。Western印迹结果显示,与未用IL-8刺激或用IL-8和抑制剂BAY11-7082同时刺激的相比,si ELMO1/A549细胞较Scr/ELMO1A549细胞组E-cadherin蛋白的表达上调,Vimentin蛋白的表达下调,p-IκBα、细胞核中snail的蛋白质表达水平均降低。综上所述,ELMO1可以通过NF-κB信号通路影响snail的转核,从而促进肺腺癌细胞A549的上皮-间质转化。     

呼吸窘迫综合症患儿外周血单个核细胞中CD24和炎症因子mRNA的表达水平及其预后价值

目的:通过检查呼吸窘迫综合症患儿外周血单个核细胞中CD24和TNF-α、IL-6、和IL-17A炎症因子mRNA的表达,探讨其对呼吸窘迫综合症的诊断和预后价值。方法:选择2015年1月至12月在我院接受治疗的32例非感染型呼吸窘迫综合症患儿为研究组,选择同期的30例健康新生患儿为对照组,采集研究组治疗前后和对照组的外周血,分离单个核细胞,采用RT-PCR检测CD24和TNF-α、IL-6、和IL-17A炎症因子mRNA的表达水平。结果:研究组治疗前CD24mRNA表达水平明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01),而TNF-α、IL-6、和IL-17A mRNA表达水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。研究组治疗后CD24mRNA表达水平明显低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P0.01),而TNF-α、IL-6、和IL-17A mRNA表达水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:呼吸窘迫综合症患儿外周血单个核细胞中CD24mRNA表达水平升高,可能是其诊断和预后的分子标记物。     

低氧处理不同时间对人肺腺癌A549细胞增殖的影响 及相应缺氧模型探讨*

目的:观察低氧处理不同时间对人肺腺癌A549细胞增殖的影响,探讨合理的人肺腺癌细胞株A549体外模拟缺氧时间。方法:将人肺腺癌细胞A549细胞株在低氧环境下分别培养12 h、24 h、48 h、72 h,设置常氧对照组,通过CCK8法测定A549细胞存活率,RT-PCR和免疫印迹分别检测细胞缺氧诱导因子-1α(hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, HIF-1α)和血管内皮生长因子(vascularendothelial growth factor, VEGF)mRNA及蛋白的表达。结果:低氧24 h组A549细胞存活率最高,低氧48 h、72 h组A549细胞存活率呈时间依赖性明显下降(P0.001)。自低氧12 h起,A549细胞HIF-1αmRNA和VEGFmRNA的表达开始随低氧时间延长而显著增加(P均0.001);HIF-1α和VEGF蛋白表达自24 h开始随低氧时间延长而显著增加(P均0.001)。结论:低氧诱导的A549细胞存活率呈时间依赖性降低,而HIF-1α、VEGF表达呈时间依赖性增高,人肺癌细胞株A549缺氧模型最适时间为24 h。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.