下丘脑室旁核orexin-A对大鼠摄食和胃动力影响及调控机制

目的:探讨下丘脑室旁核orexin-A对大鼠摄食和胃动力影响及调控机制。方法:采用免疫组化观察下丘脑室旁核(paraventricular nucleus,PVN)orexin受体表达情况;PVN注射orexin-A观察大鼠摄食、胃运动、胃酸分泌和胃排空的改变。结果:免疫组化实验显示大鼠PVN中存在orexin受体免疫阳性细胞。PVN注射orexin-A后,大鼠前三小时摄食增加,6 h和24 h摄食无显著改变。PVN微量注射orexin-A后,大鼠胃运动幅度和频率增加、胃排空增快并且胃酸分泌增多。[D-Lys-3]-GHRP-6可部分阻断orexin-A对摄食、胃运动、胃排空和胃酸分泌的促进作用,SB334867可完全阻断orexin-A对胃运动、胃排空和胃酸分泌的促进作用。结论:下丘脑室旁核orexin-A可能通过生长激素促泌素GHSR受体信号通路调控大鼠摄食及胃功能。     

大鼠ARC-BMA nesfatin-1神经通路及对GD神经元放电活动和胃运动的影响

目的:探讨弓状核(ARC)-杏仁核(BMA)间nesfatin-1神经通路的构成及其对胃牵张敏感(GD)神经放电活动和胃运动的影响。方法:逆行追踪结合免疫组化观察ARC-BMA间nesfatin-1神经通路;细胞外放电记录,观察nesfatin-1对GD神经元放电活动的影响及电刺激ARC对BMA内GD神经元放电活动的影响;在体胃运动研究,观察nesfatin-1对胃运动及胃排空的影响及电刺激ARC对胃运动的影响。结果:大鼠ARC-BMA间存在nesfatin-1神经通路;BMA微量注射Nesfatin-1能够促进GD-E神经元放电(4.25±1.02 Hz vs.5.32±1.17 Hz,P0.01),抑制GD-I神经元放电(3.73±0.92 Hz vs.2.64±0.86 Hz,P0.01),并且胃收缩频率及幅度下降,nesfatin-1的这些效应可被SHU9119部分阻断;电刺激ARC后,BMA内nesfatin-1反应性GD神经元放电频率增加(GD-E:5.14±1.32 Hz vs.6.75±1.84 Hz,P0.05;GD-I:2.84±0.86 Hz vs.4.05±1.12 Hz,P0.05),并且胃收缩频率和幅度增强。结论:ARC-BMA间nesfafin-1通路可调控大鼠胃牵张敏感神经元放电活动和胃运动,该效应可能与黑色素信号通路有关。     

Nesfatin-1及MCH对大鼠胃酸分泌和胃运动的影响

目的:本实验主要探究nesfatin-1对胃运动和胃酸分泌的影响,以及弓状核(ARC)-下丘脑外侧区(LHA)nesfatin-1神经通路在该过程中的作用。方法:采用逆行追踪和免疫组织化学染色实验观察ARC-LHA nesfatin-1神经通路的构成;在体胃运动实验观察nesfatin-1对胃运动的影响以电刺激ARC对胃运动的影响;采用幽门结扎法测量胃液和胃酸分泌量。结果:LHA微量注射nesfatin-1抑制胃运动和胃酸分泌,但是预先注射黑色素浓集激素(MCH)受体拮抗剂PMC-3881-PI减弱nesfatin-1对胃运动和胃酸分泌的抑制作用。电刺激ARC后,胃收缩幅度和频率显著增强,胃酸分泌明显增多。nesfatin-1抗体或PMC-3881-PI对电刺激ARC诱导的胃运动没有显著影响,但是能够改变电刺激ARC诱导的胃酸分泌。结论:ARC-LHA间nesfafin-1通路可调控大鼠胃运动和胃酸分泌,并且黑色素浓集激素也参与调节该过程。     

中枢nesfatin-1对大鼠夜间摄食和胃排空的影响

目的:观察中枢nesfatin-1对大鼠夜间摄食和胃排空的影响。方法:大鼠经腹腔注射硫酸仲丁巴比妥(100~150 mg/kg)麻醉,侧脑室、第四脑室或小脑延髓池注射nesfatin-1或CRF受体拮抗剂astressin-B或astressin2-B,观察对摄食、胃排空的影响。结果:侧脑室注射nesfatin-1后大鼠第3-6 h夜间进食量(t=3.05~3.58,P0.01)和3 h和6 h的累积进食量(t=5.90~12.1,P0.01)明显减少,nesfatin-1的该抑制效应可被预先侧脑室注射astressin-B或astressin2-B阻断(t=1.06~2.22,P0.05)。第四脑室或小脑延髓池注射nesfatin-1后大鼠夜间摄食量在第1h就明显减少(t=2.59~6.26,P0.05~0.01),持续减少至5-6h(t=1.69~7.42,P0.05~0.01)。侧脑室注射不同剂量nesfatin-1(0.05或0.5μg)20 min后GE率明显降低,且随注射剂量增大,GE率越低(t=3.25~4.67,P0.01)。若预先给予大鼠CRF受体拮抗剂astressin2-B(30μg)再注射nesfatin-1(0.5μg),nesfatin-1抑制大鼠胃排空效应明显减弱(t=2.45~2.85,P0.05)。禁食24 h后再喂食2 h,大鼠下丘脑中nesfatin-1表达明显增加(t=2.87,P0.05),禁食24 h后血浆nesfatin-1水平明显降低(t=1.51,P0.05)。结论:Nesfatin-1抑制摄食作用可能由nesfatin-1和CRF2信号系统共同调节。     

下丘脑催产素对大鼠摄食和胃动力的影响及调控研究

目的:探讨下丘脑催产素(OXT)对大鼠摄食和胃动力的影响及调控机制。方法:采用荧光金逆行追踪结合免疫组化实验,观察大鼠视上核(SON)与弓状核(ARC)之间的神经通路;采用核团置管术观察ARC微量注射OXT对大鼠摄食的影响;采用单极电刺激观察电刺激SON对大鼠胃运动的影响及ARC微量注射OXT对大鼠胃运动和胃排空的影响。结果:荧光金逆行追踪结合免疫组化实验显示大鼠SON与ARC之间存在神经通路;ARC微量注射OXT大鼠0-2 h、0-3 h和0-4 h摄食量显著下降,OXT受体拮抗剂阿托西班可完全阻断OXT的抑制摄食作用,注射OXT和缩胆囊素(CCK)受体拮抗剂MK-329混合液后,OXT对大鼠摄食的抑制作用被部分阻断;电刺激SON,大鼠胃运动幅度和频率显著增强,预先向ARC内微量注射阿托西班后再电刺激SON,电刺激SON对胃运动的促进作用进一步增强;ARC微量注射OXT后,大鼠胃运动幅度和频率显著降低,阿托西班可完全阻断OXT对胃运动幅度和频率的抑制作用,MK-329可部分阻断OXT对胃运动幅度和频率的抑制作用;ARC微量注射OTX后,大鼠胃排空率显著降低,阿托西班可完全阻断OXT对胃排空的抑制作用,MK-329可部分阻断OXT对胃排空的抑制作用。结论:SON-ARC内具有OXT神经通路,且该通路由CCK介导。     

大鼠下丘脑LHA-PVN nesfatin-1神经通路构成及对胃运动的影响

目的:阐述LHA和PVN间nesfatin-1神经通路的构成,探讨PVN nesfatin-1对胃收缩幅度及频率的影响及潜在机制。方法:采用荧光金逆行追踪结合荧光免疫组化技术,观察LHA-PVN间nesfatin-1神经通路构成;采用细胞外放电记录,观察nesfatin-1对GD放点活动的影响;通过在体胃运动技术,观察nesfatin-1对清醒自由活动大鼠胃收缩幅度和频率的影响。结果:Nesfatin-1能够抑制GD-E神经元放电(1.97±0.12 Hz vs.1.15±0.07 Hz)促进GD-I神经元放电(1.74±0.10 Hz vs.3.04±0.18 Hz),H4928能够部分阻断nesfatin-1对GD神经元(GD-E:1.38±0.08 Hz,P0.05 vs.nesfatin-1;GD-I:2.49±0.15 Hz,P0.05 vs.nesfatin-1)的影响;PVN内微量注射nesfatin-1能够抑制大鼠胃运动,呈量效依赖关系;LHA和PVN间有nesfatin-1神经纤维联系;电刺激LHA后,GD神经元放电频率增加(GD-E:2.06±0.12 Hz vs.4.23±0.21 Hz,GD-I:1.61±0.09 Hz vs.4.83±0.25 Hz),预先向PVN注射抗NUCB2/nesfatin-1抗体后,GD-E神经元放电频率减弱(4.91±0.25 Hz vs.4.23±0.21 Hz),而GD-I神经元放电频率增强(4.15±0.18 Hz vs.4.83±0.25)。结论:PVN内nesfatin-1可调控大鼠GD神经元放电活动及胃运动,该效应受LHA调控。     

Nesfatin-1对营养性肥胖大鼠摄食量体重和胃排空率的影响（英文）

目的:通过颈静脉注射外源性nesfatin-1,观察营养性肥胖大鼠摄食、体重、胃排空率的变化情况。方法:营养性肥胖大鼠造模成功后,各组大鼠行颈静脉插管手术,术后所有大鼠分为四组,正常对照组及肥胖对照组大鼠注射0.9%生理盐水,正常给药及肥胖给药组大鼠注射外源性nesfatin-1(100μg·kg-1),连续颈静脉给药7 d,期间记录各组大鼠摄食量以及体重,给药结束后采用灌胃酚红法测定大鼠胃排空率。结果:用高脂饲料连续饲养大鼠7天,正常对照组和正常nesfatin-1组大鼠的Lee’s指数分别为314.22和314.44,肥胖对照组和肥胖nesfatin-1组大鼠的Lee’s指数分别为318.22和319.03,肥胖差异显著(T-test,P0.01),造模成功。连续给药7 d后,给药组摄食量和体重与对照组相比明显降低,但肥胖给药组摄食量及体重下降较正常给药组更加明显。胃排空率与胃排出酚红量是成负相关的,实验中正常对照组和正常给药组的胃排空率分别是64.71±4.51和46.47±3.20,而肥胖对照组和肥胖给药组大鼠的胃排空率分别是75.67±2.47和50.88±3.07,因此高剂量给予nesfatin-1能显著降低大鼠的胃排空率。结论:综上所述,长期持续外周静脉给予外源性的nesfatin-1可以明显抑制正常及肥胖大鼠的摄食,动物体重减轻。     

下丘脑Nesfatin-1抑食效应及机制研究

目的:探讨下丘脑nesfatin-1与组胺信号通路间的相互作用及对摄食的影响。方法:采用第三脑室置管、药物注射、免疫组化、ELISA等方法,观察氟甲基组氨酸(FMH)、α螺旋促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素(CRH)和促甲状腺激素释放激素(TRH)对Nesfatin-1诱导的抑制摄食的影响,以及Nesfatin-1与组胺信号通路相互影响调控摄食机制。结果:第三脑室注射nesfatin-1可显著减少大鼠摄食量,而第三脑室内预先注射FMH,nesfatin-1抑制摄食效应明显减弱,但FMH本身并不影响大鼠夜间摄食量。第三脑室注射nesfatin-1,可显著增加优降宁诱发的PVN、腹内侧核(VMH)、结节乳头核(TMN)内t-MH的积累;但腹腔注射nesfatin-1没有引起大鼠摄食改变,t-MH蓄积也无显著变化。第三脑室注射α螺旋CRH或抗TRH血清均可显著减弱nesfatin-1的抑食效应,而α螺旋CRH、抗TRH血清本身并不显著影响大鼠摄食量。第三脑室注射nesfatin-1可显著增加下丘脑PVN内CRH和TRH水平,且nesfatin-1可显著增加优降宁诱导的PVN、VMH和TMN内t-MH的表达,而α螺旋CRH或抗TRH血清可显著抑制nesfatin-1诱导的PVN、VMH和TMH内t-MH的蓄积。第三脑室注射组胺可显著增加大鼠下丘脑PVN内nesfatin-1含量,但LH、VMH、TMN以及血浆内nesfatin-1水平无显著改变。免疫组化研究显示,PVN内有nesfatin-1和H1-R免疫反应阳性神经元,且部分神经元共存。结论:Nesfatin-1的抑食效应可能与下丘脑组胺信号通路介导。     

Obestatin对血浆ghrelin和nesfatin-1水平及胃排空的影响

目的:探讨侧脑室注射obestatin对大鼠血浆酰基化ghrelin、去酰基化ghrelin、nesfatin-1水平的影响以及对胃排空的调控。方法:侧脑室注射obestatin,采用酶免疫测定(EIA)法检测血浆酰基化ghrelin、去酰基化ghrelin、nesfatin-1水平以及胃排空率的变化。结果:侧脑室分别注射0.1、0.3或1.0 nmol obestatin,大鼠血浆酰基化ghrelin、去酰基化ghrelin以及nesfatin-1水平无显著改变(P0.05),且酰基化ghrelin与去酰基化ghrelin比率无显著改变(P0.05);侧脑室注射obestatin,大鼠摄食量无显著改变,但胃排空率明显增加(P0.05);胃排空率明显延迟(P0.05)。与侧脑室注射1.0 nmol Obestatin组相比,注射1.0 nmol Obestatin+CRF,大鼠摄食量无显著改变,胃排空率明显延迟(P0.05)。各组摄食量及进入十二指肠内食物量无明显差异(P0.05)。结论:中枢obestatin促进大鼠的胃排空,可能与h/r CRF通路有关。     

Nesfatin-1 对营养性肥胖大鼠摄食量体重和胃排空率的影响

目的：通过颈静脉注射外源性nesfatin-1,观察营养性肥胖大鼠摄食、体重、胃排空率的变化情况。方法：营养性肥胖大鼠造模 成功后,各组大鼠行颈静脉插管手术,术后所有大鼠分为四组,正常对照组及肥胖对照组大鼠注射0.9%生理盐水,正常给药及肥 胖给药组大鼠注射外源性nesfatin-1（100 滋g·kg-1）,连续颈静脉给药7 d,期间记录各组大鼠摄食量以及体重,给药结束后采用灌 胃酚红法测定大鼠胃排空率。结果：用高脂饲料连续饲养大鼠7天,正常对照组和正常nesfatin-1组大鼠的Lee’s指数分别为314.22 和314.44,肥胖对照组和肥胖nesfatin-1 组大鼠的Lee’s指数分别为318.22 和319.03,肥胖差异显著(T-test, P<0.01),造模成功。连 续给药7 d 后,给药组摄食量和体重与对照组相比明显降低,但肥胖给药组摄食量及体重下降较正常给药组更加明显。胃排空率 与胃排出酚红量是成负相关的,实验中正常对照组和正常给药组的胃排空率分别是64.71± 4.51 和46.47± 3.20,而肥胖对照组和 肥胖给药组大鼠的胃排空率分别是75.67± 2.47 和50.88± 3.07,因此高剂量给予nesfatin-1 能显著降低大鼠的胃排空率。结论：综 上所述,长期持续外周静脉给予外源性的nesfatin-1 可以明显抑制正常及肥胖大鼠的摄食,动物体重减轻。     

Nesfatin-1 inhibits gastric acid secretion via a central vagal mechanism in rats

Nesfatin-1, a novel hypothalamic peptide, inhibits nocturnal feeding behavior and gastrointestinal motility in rodents. The effects of nesfatin-1 on gastrointestinal secretory function, including gastric acid production, have not been evaluated. Nesfatin-1 was injected into the fourth intracerebral ventricle (4V) of chronically cannulated rats to identify a nesfatin dose sufficient to inhibit food intake. Nesfatin-1 (2 μg) inhibited dark-phase food intake, in a dose-dependent fashion, for >3 h. Gastric acid production was evaluated in urethane-anesthetized rats. Nesfatin-1 (2 μg) was introduced via the 4V following endocrine stimulation of gastric acid secretion by pentagastrin (2 μg·kg(-1)·h(-1) iv), vagal stimulation with 2-deoxy-d-glucose (200 mg/kg sc), or no stimulus. Gastric secretions were collected via gastric cannula and neutralized by titration to determine acid content. Nesfatin-1 did not affect basal and pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion, whereas 2-deoxy-d-glucose-stimulated gastric acid production was inhibited by nesfatin-1 in a dose-dependent manner. c-Fos immunofluorescence in brain sections was used to evaluate in vivo neuronal activation by nesfatin-1 administered via the 4V. Nesfatin-1 caused activation of efferent vagal neurons, as evidenced by a 16-fold increase in the mean number of c-Fos-positive neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMNV) in nesfatin-1-treated animals vs. controls (P < 0.01). Finally, nesfatin-induced Ca(2+) signaling was evaluated in primary cultured DMNV neurons from neonatal rats. Nesfatin-1 caused dose-dependent Ca(2+) increments in 95% of cultured DMNV neurons. These studies demonstrate that central administration of nesfatin-1, at doses sufficient to inhibit food intake, results in inhibition of vagally stimulated secretion of gastric acid. Nesfatin-1 activates DMNV efferent vagal neurons in vivo and triggers Ca(2+) signaling in cultured DMNV neurons.     

New satiety hormone nesfatin-1 protects gastric mucosa against stress-induced injury: Mechanistic roles of prostaglandins,nitric oxide,sensory nerves and vanilloid receptors

Nesfatin-1 belongs to a family of anorexigenic peptides, which are responsible for satiety and are identified in the neurons and endocrine cells within the gut. These peptides have been implicated in the control of food intake; however, very little is known concerning its contribution to gastric secretion and gastric mucosal integrity. In this study the effects of nesfatin-1 on gastric secretion and gastric lesions induced in rats by 3.5 h of water immersion and restraint stress (WRS) were determined. Exogenous nesfatin-1 (5–40 μg/kg i.p.) significantly decreased gastric acid secretion and attenuated gastric lesions induced by WRS, and this was accompanied by a significant rise in plasma NUCB2/nefatin-1 levels, the gastric mucosal blood flow (GBF), luminal NO concentration, generation of PGE₂ in the gastric mucosa, an overexpression of mRNA for NUBC2 and cNOS, as well as a suppression of iNOS and proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β and TNF-α mRNAs. Nesfatin-1-induced protection was attenuated by suppression of COX-1 and COX-2 activity, the inhibition of NOS with L-NNA, the deactivation of afferent nerves with neurotoxic doses of capsaicin, and the pretreatment with capsazepine to inhibit vanilloid VR1 receptors. This study shows for the first time that nesfatin-1 exerts a potent protective action in the stomach of rats exposed to WRS and these effects depend upon decrease in gastric secretion, hyperemia mediated by COX-PG and NOS-NO systems, the activation of vagal and sensory nerves and vanilloid receptors.     

中枢注射Nesfatin-1与Exendin(9-39)对大鼠摄食和胃肠动力调节的影响

目的:探讨下丘脑室旁核注射GLP-1R拮抗剂Exendin(9-39)对Nesfatin-1所致大鼠摄食和胃肠动力改变的影响及作用机制。方法:选择40只雄性Wistar大鼠,随机分成正常对照组(NC组)、Nesfatin-1组(NS组)、Exendin(9-39)组(ES组)、Nesfatin-1联合Exendin(9-39)组(NE组)。采用下丘脑室旁核(PVN)埋置套管并分别给予以上药物干预,干预前和干预后的12小时、24小时记录和比较各组大鼠的摄食、饮水及体重变化。2天后,采用甲基纤维素-酚红溶液灌胃法测各组大鼠胃排空率,实时荧光定量法(RT-PCR)检测下丘脑及胃组织GLP-1Rm RNA的表达。结果:与基础摄食量比较,NS组大鼠给药后12 h、24 h的摄食量减少(P0.05),NE组大鼠给药后12 h、24 h的摄食量减少(P0.05),但较NS组增加(P0.05);与基础饮水量比较,NS组、NE组给药后12 h饮水量减少(P0.05);与基础体重比较,NS组大鼠给药后12 h、24 h的体重降低(P0.05),NE组大鼠给药后12 h的体重降低(P0.05),但较NS组增加(P0.05);NS组大鼠给药后胃排空率较NC、NE组大鼠显著下降(P0.05),NS组大鼠下丘脑GLP-1Rm RNA的表达量较NC组增加(P0.05)。结论:中枢给予GLP-1R拮抗剂能减弱Nesfatin-1引起的摄食抑制、胃排空延迟及体重下降效应,Nesfatin-1可能通过与GLP-1的协同作用参与摄食及胃肠动力的调节。     

The TRPA1 Agonist,Methyl Syringate Suppresses Food Intake and Gastric Emptying

Transient receptor potential channel ankryn 1 (TRPA1) expressed in the gastrointestinal tract is associated with gastric motility, gastric emptying, and food intake. In this study, we investigated the effects of methyl syringate, a specific and selective TRPA1 agonist, on food intake, gastric emptying, and gut hormone levels in imprinting control region (ICR) mice. The administration of methyl syringate suppressed cumulative food intake and gastric emptying. In addition, treatment with ruthenium red (RR), a general cation channel blocker, and HC-030031, a selective TRPA1 antagonist, inhibited methyl syringate-induced reduction of food intake and delayed gastric emptying in ICR mice. Methyl syringate also increased plasma peptide YY (PYY) levels, but not glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels. The elevation in PYY was blocked by treatment with RR and HC-030031. The present findings indicate that methyl syringate regulates food intake and gastric emptying through a TRPA1-mediated pathway and, by extension, can contribute to weight suppression.     

Nesfatin-1(30-59) but not the N- and C-terminal fragments, nesfatin-1(1-29) and nesfatin-1(60-82) injected intracerebroventricularly decreases dark phase food intake by increasing inter-meal intervals in mice

Nesfatin-1 is an 82 amino acid N-terminal fragment of nucleobindin2 that was consistently shown to reduce dark phase food intake upon brain injection in rodents. We recently reported that nesfatin-1(1-82) injected intracerebroventricularly (icv) reduces dark phase feeding in mice. Moreover, intraperitoneal injection of mid-fragment nesfatin-1 (nesfatin-1(30-59)) mimics the food intake-reducing effects of nesfatin-1(1-82), whereas N-terminal (nesfatin-1(1-29)) and C-terminal fragments (nesfatin-1(60-82)) did not. We therefore characterized the structure-activity relationship of nesfatin-1 injected icv to influence the dark phase meal pattern in mice. Mouse nesfatin-1(1-29), nesfatin-1(30-59), nesfatin-1(60-82) or vehicle was injected icv in freely fed C57Bl/6 mice immediately before the dark phase and food intake was monitored using an automated episodic feeding monitoring system. Nesfatin-1(30-59) (0.1, 0.3, 0.9 nmol/mouse) induced a dose-related reduction of 4-h food intake by 28%, 49% and 49% respectively resulting in a 23% decreased cumulative 24-h food intake compared to vehicle at the 0.3 nmol/mouse dose (p<0.05). The peak reduction occurred during the 3rd (-96%) and 4th hour (-91%) post injection and was associated with a reduced meal frequency (0-4h: -47%) and prolonged inter-meal intervals (3.1-times) compared to vehicle (p<0.05), whereas meal size was not altered. In contrast, neither nesfatin-1(1-29) nor nesfatin-1(60-82) reduced dark phase food intake at equimolar doses although nesfatin-1(60-82) prolonged inter-meal intervals (1.7-times, p<0.05). Nesfatin-1(30-59) is the active core of nesfatin-1(1-82) to induce satiety indicated by a reduced meal number during the first 4h post injection. The delayed onset may be indicative of time required to modulate other hypothalamic and medullary networks regulating nocturnal feeding as established for nesfatin-1.     

Nesfatin-1 – More than a food intake regulatory peptide

Nesfatin-1 was discovered a decade ago and despite the fact that it represents just one of a multitude of food intake-inhibiting factors it received increasing attention. This led to a detailed characterization of NUCB2/nesfatin-1's physiological property to reduce food intake and also gave rise to an involvement in the long term regulation of body weight, especially under conditions of obesity. In addition, studies indicated the involvement of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 in other homeostatic functions as well: glucose homeostasis, water intake, gastrointestinal functions, temperature regulation, cardiovascular functions, puberty onset and sleep. These pleiotropic actions underline the physiological relevance of this peptide. Recently, the involvement of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 in psychiatric disorders such as anxiety has been investigated giving rise to the speculation that NUCB2/nesfatin-1 represents a peptidergic link between eating and anxiety/depression disorders.