阿魏酸对糖尿病大鼠肾脏足细胞nephrin、podocin蛋白表达的影响

目的：研究阿魏酸（FA）对链脲佐菌素（STZ）致糖尿病大鼠肾脏足细胞损伤的影响,并探讨其可能的机制。方法：雄性SD大鼠尾静脉一次性注射STZ （40 mg/kg,i.v.）,72 h后将血糖高于16.7 mmol/L者视为糖尿病造模成功,将其随机分为模型组、阿魏酸组,每组10只;另取10只雄性SD大鼠作为对照组;阿魏酸组（100 mg/kg,i.g.,qd）,从大鼠血糖升高第5周开始给药,连续8周。测定空腹血糖、体重、肾脏脏器系数、血清尿素氮、肌酐含量;HE染色观察肾组织病理变化;免疫组化测定肾组织nephrin、podocin蛋白表达。结果：与对照组比较,模型组肾脏脏器系数增大,肾功能下降;病理学显示肾脏细胞萎缩,排列不整齐,并伴有间质增生;足细胞nephrin、podocin蛋白表达明显减少,阿魏酸组明显改善上述指标。结论：阿魏酸具有改善STZ致糖尿病大鼠肾脏功能的作用,其机制可能与上调肾脏足细胞nephrin、podocin蛋白表达有关。     

富含不饱和脂肪酸饲料对大鼠血液学指标及主要脏器的影响

目的探讨富含不饱和脂肪酸饲料对SD大鼠血液学指标及主要脏器的影响。方法以富含不饱和脂肪酸的青花椒籽油饲料饲喂断乳SD大鼠60d,试验结束时测定部分血清学和血液细胞学指标及脑、心脏、肝脏、肾脏、脾脏系数,并对心脏、肝脏、肾脏进行病理学观察。结果实验组雄性大鼠与正常对照组同性别大鼠相比,甘油三脂和低密度脂蛋白显著降低（P〈0．05）,实验组饲料极显著提高雄性大鼠大脑系数,极显著提高雄性和雌性大鼠肝脏和肾脏系数（P〈0．01）;心脏、肝脏、肾脏病理学观察结果为阴性。结论富含不饱和脂肪酸饲料对大鼠血清学指标有一定影响,对大鼠心、肝、。肾组织无明显影响。     

淫羊藿总黄酮对实验性糖尿病大鼠肾脏保护作用

目的：研究淫羊藿总黄酮（TFE）对链脲佐菌素（STZ）致糖尿病大鼠肾脏损伤的影响,并初步探讨其可能的作用机制。方法：健康雄性SD大鼠一次性尾静脉注射STZ（40 mg/kg）建立糖尿病模型。动物随机分成3组（n=10）：对照组、模型组和TFE组（100 mg/kg,i.g.）。12周后,处死大鼠。测定空腹血糖,肾脏脏器系数,血清尿素氮（BUN）、肌酐（Cr）含量;测定肾组织中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量;Masson染色观察肾组织胶原纤维增生;免疫组化测定转化生长因子β1（TGF-β1）蛋白的表达。结果：与对照组比较,模型组肾脏脏器系数增大、肾功能下降、肾组织抗氧化能力降低;病理学可见肾小球、肾小管间质纤维化;同时TGF-β1蛋白表达水平上调。TFE组明显改善上述指标。结论：TFE对STZ致糖尿病大鼠肾脏损伤有明显的改善作用,其作用机制可能与抗氧化作用和抑制TGF-β1蛋白表达有关。     

二苯乙烯苷对糖尿病肾病大鼠氧化应激反应相关因子的影响

目的：探讨二苯乙烯苷（TSG）对糖尿病肾病（DN）大鼠氧化应激效应和肾功能的影响。方法：将雄性大鼠随机分为正常对照 组、DN 大鼠模型组和TSG 治疗组,采用腹腔注射链脲佐菌素（60 mg/kg）建立DN大鼠模型,给药8 周后所有大鼠称体重、肾重。 并且通过腹腔采血的方式,收集各组大鼠的血液,观察、测量各组大鼠血清中相应的生化指标,然后运用比色法测定各组大鼠血 清中氧化应激相关因子活性和含量。结果：TSG能够有效的增强肾脏对血肌酐、尿素氮的清除率,从而减轻由高血糖引起的肾脏 损伤,并且能够显著降低DN大鼠血液中NO、NOS含量,提高T-SOD、CAT 活力值。结论：二苯乙烯苷能够改善DN 大鼠血清中 相应的生化指标,有效抑制DN大鼠肾脏的氧化应激反应,对DN具有显著的治疗作用。     

乌司他丁联合血必净对内毒素致绵羊多脏器功能障碍综合征的防治研究

目的探讨乌司他丁（UTI）联合血必净（XBJ）对内毒素（LPS）致多脏器功能障碍综合征（MODS）的防治作用。方法将50只绵羊随机分为对照组（A组）、模型组（B组）、乌司他丁组（C组）、血必净组（D组）和乌司他丁＋血必净组（E组）,每组10只。利用LPS建立MODS模型,并以UTI、XBJ和UTI＋XBJ进行防治。观察各组的体征表现,测定不同时点各组的血气、血常规、血清生化指标的改变。结果 UTI＋XBJ组绵羊的体征表现明显减轻、死亡率明显降低,PaO2、生化指标和白细胞数目得到了有效的控制。结论乌司他丁联合血必净较单独应用能明显改善LPS诱导的MODS动物体征表现、降低死亡率,对肺脏、肝脏和肾脏等多脏器损伤具有良好的防治作用。     

紫檀芪对2型糖尿病大鼠肾脏的影响

目的：研究紫檀芪对2型糖尿病大鼠肾脏的影响。方法：采用高糖高脂饮食结合小剂量链脲菌素构建2型糖尿病大鼠模型。将大鼠随机分为正常对照组、2型糖尿病组、紫檀芪低剂量组、紫檀芪中剂量组、紫檀芪高剂量组。干预7w后,检测大鼠血糖和血脂的变化,测定肾功能指标血尿素氮和血肌酐的含量及肾脏氧化应激水平,取肾脏组织做HE染色,观察大鼠肾组织病理学变化。结果：2型糖尿病组大鼠血糖、甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL C）水平升高,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL C）水平降低;血尿素氮和血肌酐升高;肾脏组织的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性下降,丙二醛（MDA）水平升高;肾组织局部可见大量炎性细胞灶性浸润,炎症灶周围肾小管上皮细胞广泛水肿。紫檀芪干预后,血糖、TG、TC、LDL C水平降低;血尿素氮和血肌酐降低;肾脏组织的SOD活性升高,MDA水平下降;肾小球和肾小管病变减轻。结论：紫檀芪能够降低血糖和血脂、血尿素氮和血肌酐,改善肾脏的病理损伤,对2型糖尿病大鼠肾脏的损伤具有一定的治疗作用。     

肝心宁对肝纤维化大鼠肝组织病理及PDGF-BB、TGF-β、MMP-1的影响

目的：从肝纤维化的病理学和血清标志物方面,探讨肝心宁对肝纤维化大鼠肝组织病理的影响。方法：将60只SD大鼠随机分成正常对照组,肝纤维化模型组和肝心宁干预纤维化组。采用改良式复合因素法复制大鼠肝纤维化模型。正常对照组与肝纤维化模型组给予生理盐水10mL/kg灌胃,肝心宁干预纤维化组给予10g/kg治疗。6周后,取各组大鼠肝脏组织,HE染色比较各组大鼠肝脏组织的病理学变化,检测比较不同组大鼠血清中肝纤维化指示物血小板生长因子-BB（PDGF-BB）、转化生长因子-β1（TGF-β）、基质蛋白酶-1（MMP-1）的含量。结果：肝组织病理学：与肝纤维化模型组相比,干预组炎症坏程度减轻,肝纤维化程度明显改善,血清PDGF-BB、TGF-β1含量显著下降,而MMP-1含量显著升高。结论：肝心宁能有效改善肝纤维化血清学指标和病理学指标。     

秋茄枝乙醇提取物减轻链脲佐菌素诱导的大鼠肝脏和胰腺病理损伤

目的:研究秋茄枝乙醇提取物(EEK)对链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导的2型糖尿病(T2DM)大鼠肝脏和胰腺组织病理结构的影响。方法:以高脂饲料喂养联合STZ建立T2DM大鼠模型。大鼠分为为正常对照组、T2DM模型组、二甲双胍组、EEK低、中、高剂量组。大鼠给药4周后处死,取肝脏和胰腺进行组织病理学检查。结果:随着EEK剂量的增加,大鼠肝脏和胰岛组织的病理损伤逐步减轻。结论:EEK有助于修复STZ诱导的T2DM大鼠受损的肝脏和胰岛组织。     

细辛肾毒性与细辛剂型剂量的动物实验研究

目的:研究细辛的肾毒性及其与细辛剂型剂量之间的相关性。方法:以灌服蒸馏水为空白对照,分别以不同剂量的细辛水煎剂、细辛散剂和麻黄附子细辛汤复方为受试药物,连续60天给SD大鼠灌胃给药,通过检测尿蛋白、血清肌酐、血尿素氮等生化指标和观察组织切片,评价细辛不同使用方式对大鼠肾脏的损伤作用。结果:细辛散剂组在3.0 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)的给药剂量下,各生化指标与空白组比较P0.05,有显著性差异,大鼠肾脏组织受到严重损伤,并普遍死亡;在1.5 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)的给药剂量下,同样引起了大鼠肾组织的明显损伤;在0.3 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)的给药剂量下,大鼠肾组织未表现出损伤,且生化指标与空白对照组比较P0.05,均无显著性差异。当细辛生药量达到33.0 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)时,细辛水煎剂组方表现出轻微的肾组织损伤,在16.5 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)和3.3 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)剂量下,细辛水煎剂组未表现出肾组织病理变化,生化指标与空白对照组比较P0.05,均无显著性差异。对麻黄附子细辛汤而言,在细辛生药用量达到16.5 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)时,开始出现大鼠轻微肾损伤,而在3.3 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)剂量下未表现出肾组织病理变化,生化指标与空白对照组比较P0.05,也均无显著性差异。结论:在大鼠中,肾脏是细辛致毒的靶器官之一,并且大鼠肾损伤与细辛用法用量密切相关,散剂的毒性显著强于水煎剂和复方麻黄附子细辛汤。     

孕期母体镉暴露对C57BL/6小鼠肝脏和肾脏的组织特异性氧化损伤作用

目的:探明孕期母体镉暴露对C57BL/6小鼠肝脏和肾脏组织的氧化损伤作用。方法:将45只初始体重相近的孕鼠,于妊娠第7.5 d(E7.5)随机分为3组,饲喂不同浓度的氯化镉溶液(0、20和40 mg/L),分别于E13.5、E16.5和E19.5收集获得各组孕鼠的肝脏和肾脏组织样本,每一妊娠阶段5只孕鼠,检测各组小鼠母体肝脏和肾脏组织抗氧化酶,包括超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)活性,脂质过氧化水平(MDA含量),蛋白质羰基化(PCO含量)和DNA-蛋白质交联(DPC)水平等指标的变化情况。结果:CAT活性在肝脏和肾脏组织中随镉浓度增加逐渐升高,随时间延长逐渐降低;GPx活性在肝脏组织中随时间延长而逐渐降低,而在肾脏组织中随时间延长而逐渐升高;SOD活性在E19.5的40 mg/L镉处理组小鼠肝脏组织中显著升高;PCO含量在肝脏和肾脏组织中随镉浓度增加而逐渐升高;DPC在肝脏和肾脏组织中随镉浓度增加和时间延长而逐渐升高;而MDA含量仅在肝脏组织中随镉浓度增加而逐渐升高,随时间延长而逐渐降低。结论:孕期镉暴露对母体肝脏和肾脏产生了明显的氧化损伤,这可能与镉致胎儿生长受限的毒性效应相关;孕期镉暴露诱导的母体肝脏和肾脏的氧化损伤指标的变化具有组织特异性,这可能与镉在母体肝脏和肾脏中的积累量不同有关。     

Protective Effect of Naringenin Against Lead-Induced Oxidative Stress in Rats

Oxidative stress is thought to be involved in lead-induced toxicity. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective role of naringenin on lead-induced oxidative stress in the liver and kidney of rats. In the present investigation, lead acetate (500 mg Pb/L) was administered orally for 8 weeks to induce hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. The levels of hepatic and renal markers such as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, urea, uric acid, and creatinine were significantly (P < 0.05) increased following lead acetate administration. Lead-induced oxidative stress in liver and kidney tissue was indicated by a significant (P < 0.05) increase in the level of maleic dialdehyde and decreased levels of reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. Naringenin markedly attenuated lead-induced biochemical alterations in serum, liver, and kidney tissues (P < 0.05). The present study suggests that naringenin shows antioxidant activity and plays a protective role against lead-induced oxidative damage in the liver and kidney of rats.     

Melatonin attenuates the effects of sub-acute administration of lead on kidneys in rats without altering the lead-induced reduction in nitric oxide

Exposure to lead induces oxidative stress and renal damage. Although most forms of oxidative stress are characterized by simultaneous elevation of nitrogen and oxidative species, lead-induced oxidative stress is unusual in that it is associated with a reduction in nitric oxide (NO) levels in the kidney. The role of NO in kidney injury is controversial; some studies suggest that it is associated with renal injury, whereas others show that it exerts protective effects. Concentration-dependent effects have also been proposed, linking low levels with vasodilatation and high levels with toxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of melatonin co-exposure on the lead-induced reduction in renal NO levels. We found that sub-acute intraperitoneal administration of 10 mg/kg/day of lead for 15 days induced toxic levels of lead in the blood and caused renal toxicity (pathological and functional). Under our experimental conditions, lead induced an increase in lipid peroxidation and a decrease in NO. Melatonin co-treatment decreased lead-induced oxidative stress (peroxidation level) and toxic effects on kidneys without altering the lead-induced reduction in renal NO. These results suggest that, in our experimental model, the reduction in renal NO levels by lead exposure is not the only responsible factor for lead-induced kidney damage.     

Effects of isoquinoline alkaloid berberine on lipid peroxidation,antioxidant defense system,and liver damage induced by lead acetate in rats

Objectives: Liver is considered a target organ affected by lead toxicity. Oxidative stress is among the mechanisms involved in liver damage. Here we investigated the effects of the natural alkaloid berberine on oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity induced by lead in rats.

Methods: Animals received an aqueous solution of lead acetate (500?mg Pb/l in the drinking water) and/or daily oral gavage of berberine (50?mg/kg) for 8 weeks. Rats were then weighed and used for the biochemical, molecular, and histological evaluations.

Results: Lead-induced oxidative stress, shown by increasing lipid peroxidation along with a concomitant decrease in hepatic levels of thiol groups, total antioxidant capacity, the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione-S-transferase, and reduced versus oxidized glutathione ratio. Berberine corrected all the disturbances in oxidative stress markers induced by lead administration. Berberine also prevented the elevated levels of enzymes (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase) and the decrease in body weight and albumin. The protective effects of berberine were comparable with silymarin. Furthermore, berberine attenuated liver damage, shown by decreased necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration.

Discussion: Berberine represents a potential therapeutic option against lead-induced hepatotoxicity through inhibiting lipid peroxidation and enhancing antioxidant defenses.

Conclusion: Berberine exerted protective effects on lead-induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity in rats.     

灵芝抗氧化清除自由基作用的研究

文中综述了灵芝的抗氧化清除自由基作用。灵芝对各种因素引起的脑、心脏、胰腺、肝脏、胃肠道、肾脏和其他重要脏器的脂质过氧化损伤具有明显的保护作用。灵芝可显著减少脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)的含量,增强抗氧化酶如超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)以及其他抗氧化酶的活性。稹灵芝对体外培养的巨噬细胞(小鼠)、胰岛细胞(小鼠)、大脑皮层细胞(大鼠)、嗜铬细胞瘤细胞(大鼠)、血管内皮细胞(大鼠、人)和皮肤角质细胞(人)的氧化损伤具有明显保护作用。灵芝在体内外对不同动物模型和细胞模型的抗氧化清除自由基作用可能与其免疫调节、抗肿瘤、降血压、降血糖、保肝、心血管保护和抗衰老作用的机制有关。     

轮状病毒肠炎患儿的临床表现与肠道外多脏器损伤的相关性

目的：探讨轮状病毒（RV）肠炎患儿的在腹泻、呕吐、发热及脱水程度等临床表现与肠外多脏器损伤的相关性。方法：选取2009年1月-2012年6月在我院儿科住院治疗的轮状病毒肠炎患儿193例,留取其大便、尿液及血液,以便进行大便常规、肠道细菌培养、RV抗原检查、尿常规、血常规以及生化指标检测,所有患儿行胸部X线、心电图等常规检查,并根据诊断标准判断其肠外脏器损伤情况。结果：193例RV肠炎患儿中有呼吸系统损伤120例,占62．17％,心肌损伤82例,占42．49％,肝脏损伤63例,占32．64％,肾脏损伤22例,占11．40％,神经系统损伤15例,占7．77％;呕吐持续≥3d与呼吸系统损伤、肾脏损伤及神经系统损伤有相关性,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;腹泻≥10次／d与呼吸系统损伤有相关性,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;发热持续≥3d及中重度脱水与心肌损伤、肝脏损伤、肾脏损伤及神经损伤有相关性,差异有统计学意义（P（0．05）。结论：RV肠炎患儿临床表现严重程度与肠外脏器损伤存在一定的相关性。     

银杏叶提取物对过氧化氢诱导的星形胶质细胞氧化损伤的保护作用

目的 研究银杏叶提取物（EGb761）对H2O2所致星形胶质细胞氧化损伤的保护作用。方法 用不同浓度的EGb761预处理细胞,再加入H2O2,通过噻唑蓝（MTT）实验、线粒体跨膜电位（△ψm）及细胞色素C释放实验、DNA损伤实验及半胱氨酰天冬氨酸特异性蛋白酶-3（Caspase-3）活性测定,观察EGb761对细胞存活率、线粒体膜通透性、DNA氧化损伤及Caspase-3活性的影响。结果 EGb761能明显降低Hz02对星形胶质细胞的氧化损伤,提高细胞的存活率;维持线粒体膜的完整性,抑制跨膜电位的耗散和细胞色素C的释放;抑制Caspase-3的活化和DNA的降解。结论 EGb761具有清除活性氧,减轻H2O2所致星形胶质细胞的氧化损伤,对星形胶质细胞有保护作用。     

Apigenin protects from hepatorenal damage caused by lead acetate in rats

Exposure to lead (Pb) is associated with serious health problems including hepatorenal toxicity. Apigenin is a natural-sourced flavonoid with promising antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In this research, we investigated the potential protective role of apigenin against lead acetate (PbAc)-induced hepatorenal damage. Thus, this experiment studied the exposure of male Wistar Albino rats to apigenin and/or PbAc and their effects in comparison to the control rats. Apigenin administration decreased the levels of Pb and prevented the histopathological deformations in liver and kidney tissues following PbAc exposure. This was confirmed by the normalized levels of liver and kidney function markers. Additionally, apigenin inhibited significantly oxidative reactions through upregulating Nrf2 and HO-1, and activating their downstreamed antioxidants accompanied by a marked depletion of pro-oxidants. Moreover, apigenin decreased the elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibited cell loss in liver and kidney tissues in response to PbAc intoxication in both tissues. The obtained results demonstrated that apigenin could be used to attenuate the molecular, biochemical, and histological alterations associated with Pb exposure due to its potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects.     

Genetic ablation of receptor for advanced glycation end products promotes functional recovery in mouse model of spinal cord injury

Methotrexate (MTX), a folic acid antagonist, an effective chemotherapeutic agent is used in the treatment of a wide range of tumors and autoimmune diseases. Moreover, hepatotoxicity limits its clinical use. Several studies have already confirmed that the oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis of MTX-induced damage in the various organs especially in liver. The aim of this study was to determine the protective effect of Chrysin against MTX-induced hepatic oxidative stress and apoptosis in rats. In the present study, efficacy of Chrysin was investigated against hepatotoxicity caused by MTX in terms of biochemical investigations of antioxidant enzymes, apoptosis, and histopathological alteration in rat liver. In the MTX-treated group there was a significant increase in alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase activity and malondialdehyde content as well as decreased glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, catalase activities and reduced glutathione content were also observed compared to the control group as a marker of oxidative stress. Histopathological alterations and apoptosis through the immunopositive staining of p53, cleaved caspases-3 and Bcl-2-associated X protein in rat liver were observed. Pretreatment of Chrysin at both doses prevents the hepatotoxicity by ameliorating oxidative stress, histopathological alterations, and apoptosis and thus our results suggest that Chrysin has a protective effect against hepatotoxicity induced by MTX and it may, therefore, improve the therapeutic index of MTX if co-administration is done.     

Gastroprotective effect of leukotriene receptor blocker montelukast in alendronat-induced lesions of the rat gastric mucosa

Alendronate causes serious gastrointestinal adverse effects. We aimed to investigate if montelukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist, is protective against this damage. Rats were administered 20 mg/kg alendronate by gavage for 4 days, either alone or following treatment with montelukast (10 mg/kg). On the last day, following drug administration, pilor ligation was performed and 2 h later, rats were killed and stomach, liver and kidney tissues were removed. Gastric acidity, gastric tissue ulcer index values and malondialdehyde (MDA); an end product of lipid peroxidation, and glutathione (GSH) levels; a key antioxidant, as well as myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity; an indirect marker of tissue neutrophil infiltration were determined, and the histologic appearance of the stomach, liver and kidney tissues were studied. Chronic oral administration of alendronate induced significant gastric damage, increasing myeloperoxidase activity and lipid peroxidation, while tissue glutathione levels decreased. Similarly, in the alendronate group MDA levels and MPO activities of liver and kidney tissues were increased and GSH levels were decreased. Treatment with montelukast prevented the damage as well as the changes in biochemical parameters in all tissues studied. Findings of the present study suggest that alendronate is a local irritant that causes inflammation through neutrophil infiltration and oxidative damage in tissues, and that montelukast is protective against this damage by its anti-inflammatory effect.     

N-acetylcysteine exposure on lead-induced lipid peroxidative damage and oxidative defense system in brain regions of rats

Lead (Pb) is known to disrupt the pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance of tissues, which leads to biochemical and physiological dysfunction. Oxidative stress is considered a possible molecular mechanism involved in Pb neurotoxicity. Considering the vulnerability of the brain to oxidative stress under Pb neurotoxicity, this study investigated the effects of exposure of the thiol antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on lead-induced oxidative damage and lipid peroxidation in brain regions of the rat. Wister strain rats were exposed to lead in the form of lead acetate (20 mg/kg body wt/d) for a period of 2 wk and the effects of NAC on lead-induced neurotoxicity in rat brain regions were assessed by postadministration of NAC (160 mg/kg body wt/d) for a period of 3 wk. The lipid peroxidation byproduct, malondialdehyde (MDA) increased following lead exposure in both of the regions, and the antioxidant capacities of the cell in terms of the activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) was diminished. Following NAC treatment, lead-induced lipid peroxidation decreased and antioxidant enzyme activities improved, with CAT showing enhancement in the cerebral region only and SOD showing enhancements in the cerebellar region. Our result suggests that thiol-antioxidant supplementation following Pb exposure might enhance the reductive status of brain regions by arresting the lipid peroxidative damage in brain regions.