聚乙二醇诱导鸡红细胞融合条件的优化

目的:探讨聚乙二醇诱导鸡红细胞融合最适条件.方法:以鸡红细胞为材料,聚乙二醇为诱导剂,从细胞密度、融合温度、聚乙二醇浓度及反应时间进行单因素实验,并设计3因素3水平的正交实验计算细胞融合率.结果:鸡红细胞融合的最佳条件是:细胞密度为2×106个/ml,聚乙二醇浓度为35%,反应温度为35℃,反应时间40min.结论:在该条件下,细胞融合率最高达33.06%.     

重组大肠杆菌共表达亮氨酸脱氢酶和甲酸脱氢酶发酵条件优化

在摇瓶中对共表达亮氨酸脱氢酶(Leu DH)和甲酸脱氢酶(FDH)的重组大肠杆菌(E.coli)的发酵条件进行优化。首先考察基础培养基中碳、氮源种类和浓度及初始p H等因素对重组大肠杆菌生长和产酶的影响,实验结果表明甘油和酵母膏为最佳碳源和氮源,最适质量浓度均为10 g/L,培养基最适初始p H为8.0。然后对诱导条件进行优化,确定最适的诱导时机为菌体密度(OD600)达到0.6时,最适的诱导温度、诱导剂IPTG浓度和诱导时间分别为25℃、0.2 mmol/L和20 h。在优化后的培养条件下,菌体密度(OD600)可达8.6,Leu DH和FDH酶比酶活分别达1 543.3和2 572.4 U/L,是优化前的2.0和3.1倍。     

水酶法提取丝瓜籽油的工艺研究及其理化性质分析

通过单因素和正交试验,确定水酶法提取丝瓜籽油的最佳工艺,并对得到的油脂的理化性质进行测定。结果表明,最佳工艺为酶解时间6.5h、酶解温度50℃、酶添加量5%、p H6,在此条件下丝瓜籽提油率可达29.6%。水酶法提取的丝瓜籽油各项理化性质均符合国家标准,且比传统工艺提取的丝瓜籽油品质更好。     

氢氧化钠法提取虾壳蛋白最佳条件的研究

利用蛋白质的盐析原理对虾壳蛋白进行分离.先分别以氢氧化钠的浓度、反应时间、反应温度作为变量进行单因素分析,并据此结果进行三因素三水平的正交试验分析,确定出提取龙虾壳蛋白质的最佳实验条件为:反应温度100℃、氢氧化钠浓度10%、反应时间4 h,继而在此条件下检验出所提取的蛋白质的纯度为77.38%.     

半夏内生真菌所产β-葡萄糖苷酶的酶学特性研究

从半夏中分离筛选得到一株植物内生真菌,提取培养液中的β-葡萄糖苷酶,研究其酶学特性。结果表明:该菌种所产β-葡萄糖苷酶的最适反应温度在45~50℃之间,最适p H在7~8之间;在低于40℃条件下,p H为6~9时,酶活较稳定;其最适反应时间为40 min,金属离子和有机溶剂对酶活性影响都很大,在最适反应条件下其酶活为(77.83±0.42)U/m L。     

海藻酸钠固定化重组川芎咖啡酸-3-O-甲基转移酶

利用IPTG诱导含有川芎咖啡酸-3-O-甲基转移酶(LCCOMT)的大肠杆菌工程菌E.coli BL21(DE3)/pET28a-LCCOMT,经Ni~(2+)亲和层析、质谱鉴定获得纯化的LCCOMT。采用海藻酸钙凝胶包埋固定LCCOMT,单因素实验考察最佳固定化条件对固定化酶活力的影响,并确定了固定化酶的最适温度、pH值、Km、Vmax与反应批次等酶学性质。确定的条件分别为海藻酸钠质量分数1.5%,CaCl_2浓度2.5 g/L,固定化时间2 h,载体与酶质量比40 000∶1。通过正交实验确定最终固定化条件为CaCl_2浓度2.5 g/L,海藻酸钠质量分数2.0%,固定化时间1 h,载体与酶质量分数35 000∶1时,固定化效果最好,此时相对酶活力为75.43%。固定化酶的最适催化温度为37℃、最适pH值为7.5,较游离酶分别增加0℃和0.5;Km、Vmax分别增高0.40和0.74;实验确定固定化酶的半衰期,连续使用6次,酶活力仍保留50%。     

蟾蜍红细胞融合条件的正交设计优化

目的：用聚乙二醇法探讨蟾蜍红细胞融合的最佳条件。方法：采用3因素3水平的正交实验法,以蟾蜍红细胞为材料,从聚乙二醇浓度、反应时间、反应温度三方面计算细胞融合率,探讨和比较蟾蜍红细胞融合的最适条件及影响因素。结果：蟾蜍红细胞融合的最佳条件是：选用50%的聚乙二醇,反应温度为37℃,反应时间为15min。     

日本曲霉产β-呋喃果糖苷酶的性质研究

目的:试验确定日本曲霉产β—呋喃果糖苷酶的酶学性质。方法:将β-呋喃果糖苷酶在不同的温度、pH值、底物浓度、反应时间的条件下测定酶活。结果:确定了日本曲霉产β-呋喃果糖苷酶的性质。日本曲霉产β-呋喃果糖苷酶分子量约为89kDa,最适反应温度为50℃,最适pH值为5.5。温度在40℃-60℃,pH在5-7范围内酶比较稳定,最适底物浓度为50%,反应时间3h-4h。结论:确定了日本曲霉产β-呋喃果糖苷酶的性质,为制取高含量的低聚果糖提供条件。     

正交试验优化ELISA检测中TMB/HRP显色体系的研究

目的:建立ELISA显色体系的优化方法,优化TMB/HPR显色系统的反应参数.方法:首先采用单因素试验,研究显色体系中的缓冲溶液pH、TMB浓度、H<,2>O<,2>浓度、反应时间和温度对显色的影响,在此基础上,再进行5因素4水平的正交试验.结果:TMB/HRP体系的最佳工作条件:缓冲液pH为5.0,TMB浓度为2.5mg/ml,H<,2>O<,2>浓度为O.03%(V/V),反应温度为30～50℃,反应时间为10min.结论:优化的TMB/HRP最佳反应条件,可以满足一般反应的要求,所建立的TMB/HRP体系的优化方法也适用于其它ELISA显色系统的优化.     

响应曲面法优化茶黄素发酵工艺研究北大核心CSCD

采用响应面分析法对影响茶黄素合成累积量的过程变量进行了系统筛选和优化。首先通过PlackettBurman方法对相关影响因素的效应进行了评价,并确定酶量、反应温度、体系p H为显著性因素;其次最陡爬坡路径逼近最大累积浓度区域,最后由中心组合实验及响应面分析确定了主要影响因素的最佳催化条件。得到了茶黄素合成的优化工艺条件:温度29.5℃,p H 4.9,加酶量14400 U,在优化反应条件下茶黄素合成浓度可达15.1 mg/m L。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.     

Composition and diversity of bird communities in Swedish farmland–forest mosaic landscapes

CapsuleThe amount of forest (at local and landscape scales) and occurrence of residual habitats at the local scale are shown to be the major factors influencing bird community composition in farmland–forest landscapes in central Sweden.

Aims To investigate the importance of local habitat and landscape structure for breeding birds in farmland–forest landscapes in central Sweden.

Methods Breeding birds were censused at 292 points. A detailed habitat mapping was made within 300 m of the points. Within a 300–600 m radius only two major habitats (forests and arable fields) were identified.

Results Cluster analyses of bird communities identified three site types that also differed in habitat composition: (i) partially forested sites in forested landscapes; (ii) heterogeneous sites with residual habitats in mosaic landscapes; and (iii) field-dominated farmland sites in open landscapes. A total of 19 of 25 farmland bird species (restricted to farmland or using both farmland and forest) had the highest abundance in farmland sites with mosaics of forest and farmland, while only six farmland species had the highest abundance in field-dominated sites. The bird community changed from being dominated by farmland species to being dominated by forest species (common in forest landscapes without farmland) at small proportions (10–20%) of forest at the local scale. A major difference in habitat composition between heterogeneous and field-dominated sites was the occurrence of different residual habitats (e.g. shrubby areas and seminatural grasslands). These habitats seemed to influence bird community composition more than land-use, despite covering <10% of the area. Seminatural grasslands were important for bird community composition and species-richness, but grazing seemed to be less important. Among different land-use types, cereal crops were the least preferred fields. Set-asides with tall vegetation and short rotation coppices were positively associated with species-richness of farmland birds.

Conclusion In general, the composition of the landscape was important for bird community composition, although amount and distribution of forests, occurrence of residual habitats and land-use of fields at the local scale had the strongest influence on bird community composition. The possible implications of these patterns for managing farmland–forest landscapes are discussed.     

Chemical constituents from the fruits of Rhus typhina L. and their chemotaxonomic significance

This work describes the isolation and characterization of twenty-nine compounds from the fruits of Rhus typhina L., including eleven flavonoids (1–11), eleven phenols (12–22), two pentacyclic triterpenes (23–24), two organic acids (25–26), one lumichrome (27), one courmarin (28) and one pyrimidine (29) on the basis of their spectroscopic data. Compounds apigenin (1), daidzein (4), orobol (5), 3′, 5, 5′, 7-tetrahydroxyflavanone (6), naringenin (7), butein (8), (-)-catechin (9), quercetin-3-O-α-L-(3″-O-galloyl)-rhamnoside (11), 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (13), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (14), vanillin (15), methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (16), 3,5-dihydroxybenzamide (18), tyrosol (19), caffeic acid (20), 3-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propan-1-one (21), phlorizin (22), friedelin (23), oleanolic acid (24), 4,4-dimethyl-heptanedioic acid (25), anthranilic acid (26), lumichrome (27), scoparone (28) and uracil (29) have not been recorded before in this plant. This is the first report on the occurrence of compounds 4–7, 9, 11, 13–14, 16, 18–21, 25–29 from the genus Rhus. Moreover, the chemotaxonomic significance of these isolated compounds was also summarized.