白yuan胃肠道内分泌细胞的免疫组织化学定位

为了解白yuan的消化生理过程,利用ABC免疫组织化学方法,对白yuan胃肠道5种内分泌细胞：5-羟色胺(5-HT)、脑啡肽、P物质、胃动素和抑胃素的分布进行了研究。结果表明：5-HT细胞主要分布于十二指肠及其以下部位,尤其是盲肠和直肠;而腺胃、肌胃和幽门中均未发现该类细胞。脑啡肽和P物质细胞数量明显较5-HT少,它们稀疏分布于十二指肠及其以下部位,无显著的分布积聚区。抑胃素和胃动素在整个胃肠道中均无分布。分析表明白yuan胃肠道5种内分泌细胞的分布与其他鸟类相似,但与其他脊椎动物明显不同。     

白xuan胃肠道内分泌细胞的免疫组织化学定位

为了解白xuan的消化生理过程,利用ABC免疫组织化学方法,对白xuan胃肠道5种内分泌细胞：5-羟色胺(5-HT)、脑啡肽、P物质、胃动素和抑胃素的分布进行了研究。结果表明：5-HT细胞主要分布于十二指肠及其以下部位,尤其是盲肠和直肠;而腺胃、肌胃和幽门中均未发现该类细胞。脑啡肽和P物质细胞数量明显较5-HT少,它们稀疏分布于十二指肠及其以下部位,无显著的分布积聚区。抑胃素和胃动素在整个胃肠道中均无分布。分析表明白xuan胃肠道5种内分泌细胞的分布与其他鸟类相似,但与其他脊椎动物明显不同。     

武夷湍蛙胃肠道内分泌细胞的免疫组织化学定位

用免疫组织化学S-P法,应用七种特异性胃肠激素抗血清对武夷湍蛙胃肠道7个部位内分泌细胞的局部分布、分布密度及形态学特征进行了研究。结果显示：在武夷湍蛙胃肠道中鉴别出四种内分泌细胞,即：5-羟色胺、生长抑素、胃泌素和高血糖素免疫反应细胞。P-物质、胰岛素和胰多肽免疫反应细胞未见。5．羟色胺免疫反应细胞是胃肠道中最主要的内分泌细胞类型,其在胃肠道各段均有分布,但在各段分布密度不同。生长抑制素免疫反应细胞分布于贲门至十二指肠的胃肠道各段。胃泌素免疫反应细胞局限分布于幽门和十二指肠部位。高血糖素免疫反应细胞仅在胃幽门部位有分布。在武夷湍蛙胃肠道内具有最多种类型内分泌细胞分布的部位是幽门,同时胃肠道内各种内分泌细胞在此部位也显示出最高的分布密度。武夷湍蛙胃肠道内分泌细胞形态多样：圆形、椭圆形、纺锤形、梭形、锥形和不规则形。胃部多数内分泌细胞分布于胃腺中,肠道中多数细胞则分布于上皮细胞间,少数分布于固有膜。本研究显示武夷湍蛙与其他两栖动物胃肠道内分泌细胞在分布模式上存在一定共同特征并具其独特性,以上结果提示其与武夷湍蛙消化生理学相关,和其胃肠道的调节特点相关。     

胎儿胃、小肠内分泌细胞分布及形态学观察

目的探讨人胃肠道内分泌细胞的分布.方法采用银浸染色方法,对10例4～6月胎儿的胃、小肠内分泌细胞行光学显微镜观察.结果胃、小肠中的内分泌细胞(嗜银细胞)形态多种多样,分布于胃、小肠绒毛上皮、小肠腺及十二指肠腺.在小肠固有膜结缔组织中也有散在的嗜银细胞.该细胞主要存在于小肠,胃部较少,其中以十二指肠最多,空肠、回肠顺次递减,而十二指肠乳头又明显高于十二指肠其他部位,在这些部位有时可见该细胞抵达腺腔,并有颗粒释放于腺腔内.结论人胎儿胃肠道含有内分泌细胞,尤其是小肠及其十二指肠乳头部.     

日本林蛙胃肠道内分泌细胞的免疫组织化学

应用7种胃肠激素抗血清对日本林蛙胃肠道内分泌细胞的形态和分布进行了免疫组织化学研究。5-羟色胺(5-HT)免疫活性(-IR)细胞分布于胃肠道各段,其在胃肠道中的分布密度为：十二指肠、空肠处最高,胃中各段居中,回肠和直肠处最低。生长抑素(sS)-IR细胞分布于胃贲门至空肠的胃肠道段,其分布密度自前向后呈递减趋势。胃泌素(Gas)-IR细胞在十二指肠和空肠处有少量分布。高血糖素(Glu)-IR细胞仅见胃体部位较少分布。P_物质(SP)-IR细胞在回肠和直肠中有分布。胃肠道各段均未检出胰多肽(PP)-IR细胞和胰岛素(Ins)-IR细胞。与其它动物相比较,对日本林蛙胃肠道内分泌细胞的分布型进行了讨论。     

两种爬行动物胃肠道内分泌细胞的免疫组织化学比较研究

目的研究七种胃肠激素内分泌细胞在多疣壁虎及石龙子胃肠道的定位及分布。应用S-P免疫组织化学方法。方法结果5-羟色胺(5-Hydroxytryptamine,5-HT)细胞在两种爬行动物胃肠道各段均有分布,但分布型各不相同;生长抑素(Somatostatin,SS)细胞仅在多疣壁虎胃贲门至十二指肠段分布,而石龙子胃肠道各段均有分布;胃泌素(Gastrin,Gas)细胞分布于多疣壁虎十二指肠和空肠段,石龙子则仅分布于胃幽门部;胰高血糖素(Glucagon,Glu)细胞和P-物质(Substance P,SP)细胞均分布于多疣壁虎胃中各段,而石龙子胰高血糖素细胞分布于回肠、直肠及胃体处,P-物质细胞则分布于除空肠外的胃肠道各段;胰岛素(Insulin,Ins)细胞和胰多肽(Pancreatic polypeptide,PP)细胞在两种爬行动物胃肠道各段均未检出。结论两种爬行动物胃肠道内分泌细胞的分布既存在着一定共性,体现了两消化生理的共同点;同时也存在着较大的种间差异。     

乌龟胃肠胰系统内分泌细胞的免疫组织化学研究

应用过氧化物酶标记的链霉卵白素(Streptavidin peroxidase,简称S-P法)免疫组织化学技术,使用六种特异性胃肠激素抗血清对乌龟胃肠胰系统内分泌细胞的种类、定位、分布密度及形态进行了研究。在乌龟胰腺中检测出5-羟色胺、生长抑素、胰高糖素和胰多肽等4种内分泌细胞,生长抑素、胰高糖素细胞多成簇大量分布于胰岛中;5-羟色胺、胰多肽细胞多散在少量分布于胰腺腺泡之间。在乌龟消化道中共检测出5-羟色胺、生长抑素、胃泌素、胰高糖素和P物质等5种内分泌细胞:5-羟色胺细胞在消化道各段均有分布,以十二指肠处分布密度最高(30.7±4.2),空肠其次,回肠、直肠处最低(12.0±1.0/11.2±3.0);生长抑素细胞仅分布于食道和胃中各段;胃泌素细胞分布于胃幽门部和十二指肠处;胰高糖素细胞分布于胃体至空肠段,以胃幽门部分布密度较高(11.3±1.1);P物质细胞仅布于胃幽门部;消化道各段均未检出胰多肽细胞。与其他爬行动物比较,乌龟胃肠胰系统内分泌细胞的分布既存在着一定共同点,又显示了较大的种间差异。       

鲤、青鱼肠粘膜内分泌细胞的免疫组织化学鉴别和定位

使用过氧化物酶——抗过氧化物酶(PAP)的免疫组织化学染色技术,用10种哺乳动物激素培育出的抗血清对鲤、青鱼肠道粘膜中内分泌细胞的鉴別表明,它们的肠道粘膜上皮中存在有胃泌素、P物质、牛胰多肽、亮氨酸脑啡肽、胰高血糖素样免疫反应物、抑胃多肽等6种免疫活性內分泌细胞;而五羟色胺、胆囊收缩素和神经降压素没有免疫活性反应。在鲤的肠粘膜中存在生长抑素免疫活性内分泌细胞;青鱼中则未见到这种细胞。两种鱼的各种免疫活性內分泌细胞多数在前肠的分布密度较大;但青鱼肠粘膜中P物质和亮氨酸脑啡肽两种免疫活性内分泌细胞却在直肠中分布最多;胰高血糖素样免疫活性内分泌细胞在中肠分布最多。P物质和胃泌素免疫活性內分泌细胞大多数分布于肠褶顶部;其他各种免疫活性內分泌细胞则主要分布于肠褶的中、底部。本文比较了鲤、青鱼的肠内分泌细胞在各肠段中的分布密度,并对其形态学及分布特点进行描述和讨论。     

北京鸭消化道内分泌细胞的免疫组织化学研究

应用七种消化道激素抗血清，对北京鸭消化道内分泌细胞进行了免疫组织化学定位，促胃素释放肽细胞大量分布于腺胃和肌胃。生长抑素细胞在腺胃和肌胃数量很多，在幽门部密集，且偶见于十地二指肠，胃素细胞在幽门部非常密集，并较多分布于整个小肠，肌胃内亦有少量。５－羟色胺细胞大量见于肠管各段，并偶见于幽门，少量胰多肽细胞见于腺胃、十二指肠和空肠，未检出胃动素和抑胃肽细胞。     

极北鲵消化道6种内分泌细胞的免疫组织化学研究

应用卵白素-生物素-过氧化物酶复合物(ABC)免疫组织化学法,对极北鲵(Salamandrella keyserlingii)消化道5-羟色胺(5-HT)、胃泌素(Gas)、生长抑素(SS)、胰高血糖素(Glu)、人胰多肽(PP)和P-物质(SP)6种内分泌细胞的分布进行了研究。文中采用Duncan多重比较的方法,对消化道内分泌细胞的分布密度进行统计学分析。结果显示,5-羟色胺细胞在消化道各部位均有分布,胃体(2.80±0.70)和十二指肠(2.60±0.75)分布密度最高,幽门最低(0.85±0.67);胃泌素细胞仅分布于小肠,十二指肠(1.85±0.75)密度最高;生长抑素细胞分布于食管、胃体、幽门、十二指肠和回肠各部位,且幽门(2.25±0.64)分布密度最高;胰高血糖素细胞只见于胃贲门部和胃体,人胰多肽细胞和P-物质细胞在整个消化道均未检测到。各种内分泌细胞的形态多样,呈圆形、椭圆形、锥体形和梭形等。极北鲵消化道内分泌细胞的这种密度分布和形态特点与其他两栖类动物及黑龙江产地的极北鲵相比,既有共性又有差异,其原因可能与物种、食性和栖息地环境等因素有关。     

An immunohistochemical study of gut endocrine cells in two species of insectivorous vespertilinid bats (Chiroptera: Pipistrellus abramus and Plecotus auritus sacrimontis)

11 endocrine cell types immunoreactive for either 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), somatostatin, gastrin, cholecystokinin (CCK), gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP), motilin, secretin, neurotensin, pancreatic glucagon, enteroglucagon or bovine pancreatic polypeptide (BPP) were found in gastrointestinal tract of 2 species of insectivorous bats. 5 of these 11 types of endocrine cells were located in the stomach and all 11 types of endocrine cells were found in the intestine. However, the distribution and relative frequency of each immunoreactive endocrine cell varied among the cell types and between the 2 species of bats examined. In Brunner's glands, gastrin- and 5-HT-immunoreactive cells were detected very rarely in Pipistrellus and only occasionally in Plecotus. The present results obtained from the insectivorous bats were compared with those of the sanguivorous vampire bats.     

Distribution of peptide-containing neurons and endocrine cells in the rabbit gastrointestinal tract,with particular reference to the mucosa

Summary The distribution patterns of peptide-containing neurons and endocrine cells were mapped in sections of oesophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine of the rabbit, by use of standard immunohistochemical techniques. Whole mounts of separated layers of ileum were similarly examined. Antibodies raised against vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), substance P (SP), somatostatin (SOM), neuropeptide Y (NPY), enkephalins (ENK) and gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) were used, and for each of these antisera distinct populations of immunoreactive (IR) nerve fibres were observed. Endocrine cells were labelled by the SP, SOM or NPY antisera in some regions.VIP-IR nerve fibres were common in each layer throughout the gastrointestinal tract. With the exception of the oesophagus, GRP-IR nerve fibres also occurred in each layer of the gastrointestinal tract; they formed a particularly rich network in the mucosa of the stomach and small intestine. Fewer nerve fibres containing NPY-IR or SOM-IR were seen in all areas. SOM-IR nerve fibres were very scarce in the circular and longitudinal muscle layers of each area and were absent from the gastric mucosa. The SP-IR innervation of the external musculature and ganglionated plexuses in most regions was rather extensive, whereas the mucosa was only very sparsely innervated. ENK-IR nerve fibres were extremely rare or absent from the mucosa of all areas, although immunoreactive nerve fibres were found in other layers.These studies illustrate the differences in distribution patterns of peptide-containing nerve fibres and endocrine cells along the gastrointestinal tract of the rabbit and also show that there are some marked differences in these patterns, in comparison with other mammalian species.     

蝘蜒消化管内分泌细胞的免疫组织化学定位

目的阐明爬行动物蝘蜒消化管各段内分泌细胞的类型、局部分布、分布密度和形态学特征。方法应用免疫组织化学技术中链霉卵白素一过氧化物酶（S-P）法。结果在蝘蜒消化管内鉴别出5种内分泌细胞,即：5—羟色胺（5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT）、生长抑素（somatostatin,SS）、胃泌素（gastrin,GAS）、高血糖素（glucagon,GLU）、P-物质（substance P,SP）免疫活性（immnoreactive,IR）细胞。5-羟色胺免疫活性细胞是消化管中最主要的内分泌细胞类型,以不同密度分布于消化管各段,其中胃幽门部位分布密度最高。生长抑素免疫活性细胞在消化管内仅局限分布于胃部。胃泌素免疫活性细胞仅见于幽门和十二指肠部位。高血糖素免疫活性细胞仅分布于回肠和直肠。P-物质免疫活性细胞仅出现在直肠部位。蝘蜒消化管内分泌细胞形态多样：圆形、椭圆形、纺锤形、梭形、楔形、锥形以及不规则形。胃部多数内分泌细胞分布于胃腺中,食管和肠管中多数内分泌细胞则分布于上皮细胞间。结论蝘蜒和其它爬行动物胃肠内分泌细胞的分布存在一定共同特征,然而也存在着一些特有的差异。     

蝘蜓消化管内分泌细胞的免疫组织化学定位

目的阐明爬行动物蝘蜓消化管各段内分泌细胞的类型、局部分布、分布密度和形态学特征。方法应用免疫组织化学技术中链霉卵白素-过氧化物酶(S-P)法。结果在蜓消化管内鉴别出5种内分泌细胞,即:5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT)、生长抑素(somatostatin,SS)、胃泌素(gastrin,GAS)、高血糖素(glucagon,GLU)、P-物质(substance P,SP)免疫活性(i mmnoreactive,IR)细胞。5-羟色胺免疫活性细胞是消化管中最主要的内分泌细胞类型,以不同密度分布于消化管各段,其中胃幽门部位分布密度最高。生长抑素免疫活性细胞在消化管内仅局限分布于胃部。胃泌素免疫活性细胞仅见于幽门和十二指肠部位。高血糖素免疫活性细胞仅分布于回肠和直肠。P-物质免疫活性细胞仅出现在直肠部位。蝘蜓消化管内分泌细胞形态多样:圆形、椭圆形、纺锤形、梭形、楔形、锥形以及不规则形。胃部多数内分泌细胞分布于胃腺中,食管和肠管中多数内分泌细胞则分布于上皮细胞间。结论蜓和其它爬行动物胃肠内分泌细胞的分布存在一定共同特征,然而也存在着一些特有的差异。     

鲢,鳙,银鲫和团头鲂肠道内分泌细胞中3种肽激素的免疫组化研究

应用ＡＢＣ免疫组化技术,用抑胃多肽、５－羟色胺和内啡肽３种哺乳动物抗血清对鲢、鳙、银鲫和团头鲂的肠粘膜中内分泌细胞进行了检测。结果４种鱼的肠粘膜中均有抑胃多肽免疫反应内分泌细胞存在,但未发现５－羟色胺和内啡肽的免疫反应。抑胃多肽免疫反应内分泌细胞主要分布在前肠前段,并单个地散布在肠褶顶部上皮细胞与杯状细胞之间,多呈长梭形。本文比较了不同食性鱼类和其他动物肠道抑胃多肽免疫反应内分泌细胞的分布规律,讨论了用５－羟色胺和内啡肽免疫染色的结果。     

虎斑颈槽蛇消化道5-羟色胺免疫活性内分泌细胞的分布与形态学观察

用免疫组织化学ABC(avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex)法,对虎斑颈槽蛇Rhabdophis tigrinus 5-HT免疫反应阳性内分泌细胞的分布及形态学进行了观察.结果 表明,5-HT阳性细胞从食管到直肠的消化道各段均有分布.细胞密度分布呈"N"型,胃体最高,胃幽门部和胃贲门部次之,空肠最少.5-HT阳性细胞的形态多样,其中贲门和胃以圆形或椭圆形为主,肠道(除直肠)则以锥形为主;广泛分布于上皮基部、上皮细胞之间、腺泡上皮及腺泡之间,有时可见于固有膜内.     

Immunohistochemical study of the distribution of endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract of the camel (Camelus bactrianus)

The regional distribution and relative frequency of endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract of the camel, Camelus bactrianus, were investigated using immunohistochemical methods. Ten types of immunoreactive (IR) endocrine cells were identified in this study. Among these cell types, only serotonin- and somatostatin-IR cells were detected in almost all regions of the gastrointestinal tract. Most of the cell types showed peak density in the pyloric gland region. The others showed restricted distribution: gastrin, cholecystokinin (CCK), motilin, bovine pancreatic polypeptide (BPP), and (gastric) substance P in the stomach; gastrin, CCK, BPP, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), glucagon, peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) and substance P in the small intestine; and CCK, motilin, BPP, and PYY in the large intestine. Fundamentally the distribution pattern of endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract of the camel is similar to that of cattle. The distribution and frequency of endocrine cells in the glandular sac region are the same as those of the cardiac gland.     

Histological and immunohistochemical studies of the endocrine cells of the gastrointestinal mucosa of the toad (Bufo regularis)

Summary Using histological and immunhistochemical techniques, nine endocrine cell types were observed in the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract of the toad,Bufo regularis, viz. enterochromaffin, somatostatin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), secretin, gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP), gastrin-C-terminal pentapeptide (GTPP), neurotensin and bombesin cells. The enterochromaffin cells were distributed throughout the gastrointestinal tract except the rectum. Somatostatin, glucagon, PP, secretin, GIP and GTPP cells were observed both in the ileum and bombesin cells only in the pyloric and antral parts of the stomach. Immunostaining of consecutive sections did not reveal more than one polypeptide hormone in any of these cell types. It is concluded from the present results that the toad gastrointestinal mucosa contains endocrine cell types that are more or less homologous to those in the mammal alimentary tract, though some of them exhibit a different topographic distribution.     

Histological and immunohistochemical studies of the endocrine cells of the gastrointestinal mucosa of the toad (Bufo regularis)

Using histological and immunhistochemical techniques, nine endocrine cell types were observed in the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract of the toad, Bufo regularis, viz. enterochromaffin, somatostatin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), secretin, gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP), gastrin-C-terminal pentapeptide (GTPP), neurotensin and bombesin cells. The enterochromaffin cells were distributed throughout the gastrointestinal tract except the rectum. Somatostatin, glucagon, PP, secretin, GIP and GTPP cells were observed both in the stomach and in the small intestine. Neurotensin cells were seen only in the ileum and bombesin cells only in the pyloric and antral parts of the stomach. Immunostaining of consecutive sections did not reveal more than one polypeptide hormone in any of these cell types. It is concluded from the present results that the toad gastrointestinal mucosa contains endocrine cell types that are more or less homologous to those in the mammal alimentary tract, though some of them exhibit a different topographic distribution.