以类弹性蛋白多肽为标签的表达质粒构建及其用于木聚糖酶的非色谱纯化

【目的】旨在构建一个能以非色谱纯化目标蛋白的表达质粒,使用自行设计的类弹性蛋白多肽(ELPs)作为非色谱纯化标签,以纯化目标蛋白。该ELPs长度短,对盐非常敏感。【方法】从头设计了木聚糖酶,将其通过一段无规则卷曲同ELPs相连,合成了编码上述序列的基因,并构建重组表达载体pET-22b-SoxB-M2-S-ELP,转化至大肠杆菌BLR(DE3)中诱导表达,采用可逆相变循环经高速离心纯化木聚糖酶,并考察纯酶的酶学性质。【结果】成功构建了表达载体并表达,在pH=7.0时0.5 mol/L碳酸钠可使ELPs的相变温度降至22℃。在上述条件下,对木聚糖酶进行了非色谱纯化,其纯化倍数为3.2,回收率为21.2%,纯度为64.3%。经测定,未连接ELPs的酶、粗酶及纯化酶学性质基本一致,其最适温度为60℃,最适pH为6.0,最适反应时间为30 min,粗酶70℃保温1 h相对酶活仍有50%,为嗜热木聚糖酶,与预期相符。【结论】ELPs作为非色谱纯化标签纯化重组木聚糖酶具有操作简单、易于放大、成本较低的优势,故所构建的重组质粒可望通用于分离多种重组蛋白,具有较广泛的用途。     

类弹性蛋白标签在重组蛋白分离纯化中的应用

类弹性蛋白(elastin-like polypeptide,ELP)是一种非常有前途的重组蛋白分离纯化标签.这种人工合成的蛋白质多肽是由五肽重复序列单元(VPGXG)串联组成,具有温度诱导的可逆相变特性.ELP与目的蛋白融合后,赋予重组蛋白相类似的可逆相变性质.多次可逆相变循环(inverse transition cycling,ITC)之后,就可以从蛋白溶液混合液中选择性地分离出ELP融合蛋白,再经特异性酶切或者改变环境条件引发内含肽发生自我剪切去除ELP标签,从而得到单一的目的蛋白,实现简单快速分离纯化重组蛋白.目前,该技术已成功应用于原核大肠杆菌和植物表达系统中.大肠杆菌表达ELP-绿色荧光融合蛋白的最高产量可达1.6 g/L.这种非色谱分离纯化重组蛋白的方法具有技术简单、操作快速、成本低、易于扩大等优点.重点从该技术的原理、技术路线以及发展方向进行综述.     

类弹性蛋白多肽及其在生物医学材料的应用

类弹性蛋白多肽是一种人造基因工程蛋白质聚合物,其结构主要由五肽重复串连序列单元 (GVGXP) 的这一肽段单元重复组成。由于具有可逆相变特征,并可进行高通量生产,加之良好的生物相容性及生物可降解性,使其在新型生物医学材料方面展示了广阔的应用前景。概括了类弹性蛋白多肽的相变机理、合成方法及在生物医学材料上的应用,重点阐述了类弹性蛋白多肽在组织工程、靶向肿瘤、构造药物载体微粒的应用。     

ELP[Ⅰ]50标签在重组硫氧还蛋白分离纯化中的应用及PEG对其相变温度的影响

[目的]使用自行设计的类弹性蛋白(Elastin-like protein,ELP) ELP[Ⅰ]50作为非色谱纯化标签,分离纯化重组硫氧还蛋白(Thioredoxin,Trx),并研究聚乙二醇(Polyethyleneglycol,PEG)对ELP[Ⅰ]50-Trx相变温度(Inverse temperature transition,Tt)的影响.[方法]人工合成Trx基因,将其亚克隆到自行构建的表达载体pET28编码ELP[Ⅰ]50标签下游,转入大肠杆菌BLR(DE3)进行表达.融合蛋白表达后,采用可逆相变循环(Inverse transition cycling,ITC)分离纯化,并检测不同浓度PEG时的Tt值.[结果]成功表达、分离纯化出融合蛋白ELP[Ⅰ]50-Trx,检测出该蛋白浓度为25 μmol/L时,Tt为28.6℃;而当PEG的浓度为5％、10％、15％、20％时,Tt分别降至22.3℃、15.9℃、6℃、0℃.[结论]ELP[Ⅰ]50标签高效纯化重组蛋白具有操作简便、成本较低、易于扩大的优势,而PEG能降低蛋白的Tt值,进一步增强分离纯化效果,扩大使用范围,可望应用于分离纯化多种重组蛋白.     

ELP[I]50标签在重组硫氧还蛋白分离纯化中的应用及PEG对其相变温度的影响

【目的】使用自行设计的类弹性蛋白(Elastin-like protein, ELP) ELP[I]50作为非色谱纯化标签, 分离纯化重组硫氧还蛋白(Thioredoxin, Trx), 并研究聚乙二醇(Polyethylene glycol, PEG)对ELP[I]50-Trx相变温度(Inverse temperature transition, Tt)的影响。【方法】人工合成Trx基因, 将其亚克隆到自行构建的表达载体pET28编码ELP[I]50标签下游, 转入大肠杆菌BLR(DE3)进行表达。融合蛋白表达后, 采用可逆相变循环(Inverse transition cycling, ITC)分离纯化, 并检测不同浓度PEG时的Tt值。【结果】成功表达、分离纯化出融合蛋白ELP[I]50-Trx, 检测出该蛋白浓度为25 μmol/L时, Tt为28.6 °C; 而当PEG的浓度为5%、10%、15%、20%时, Tt分别降至22.3 °C、15.9 °C、6 °C、0 °C。【结论】ELP[I]50标签高效纯化重组蛋白具有操作简便、成本较低、易于扩大的优势, 而PEG能降低蛋白的Tt值, 进一步增强分离纯化效果, 扩大使用范围, 可望应用于分离纯化多种重组蛋白。     

枯草杆菌可溶性YlyA蛋白的诱导表达与纯化研究

YlyA是枯草杆菌一种功能未知蛋白.本研究旨在建立可溶性YlyA的诱导表达体系和纯化方法,为其功能研究奠定基础.PCR扩增ylyA序列,将其克隆到pETMCSⅢ中构建表达载体pNG252,用IPTG诱导6×His-YlyA融合蛋白在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中表达,对表达产物进行分析,最后对可溶性YlyA重组蛋白进行Ni2+-WTA亲和层析加以纯化.结果表明pNG252中ylyA的插入方向正确,序列无突变;用0.5 mmol/L IPTG,37℃诱导3 h时,YlyA虽高效表达,但为包涵体形式;调整诱导条件至0.05 mmoL/L IPTG,25℃,5 h时,高效表达的YlyA部分转为可溶性蛋白.纯化后的YlyA浓度达204.2119 μmoL/L;调整洗涤液中的咪唑浓度至15 mmol/L,pH至9,可使纯化蛋白的产量大幅提高.本文成功构建了YlyA高效可诱导表达载体,建立了可溶性蛋白的诱导表达条件,确立了Ni2+-NTA亲和层析纯化方法,所得的6×His-YlyA融合蛋白,可用于YlyA晶体结构和与功能分析.     

溶剂特性对三臂星型类弹性蛋白多肽相变温度的影响

本文利用SpyTag/SpyCatcher特性构建了三臂星型结构的类弹性蛋白多肽(elastin like polypeptides, ELPs),考察其在不同溶剂,如分子拥挤试剂、osmolytes及深共熔溶剂(deep eutectic solvents,DESs)中的相变温度及行为,并与含有相同ELPs重复数的线性ELPs120作对比。结果表明：在不同浓度拥挤试剂PEG2000作用下,两种结构的ELPs相变温度均降低,当其各自浓度均为25 μmol/L时,三臂星型ELPs相变温度降低3℃～13℃,而ELPs120相变温度仅降低1.5℃～10.8℃。此外,在添加PEG2000后,三臂星型ELPs相变缓慢;在不同类型和浓度的osmolytes溶液中,25 μmol/L三臂星型ELPs相变温度明显要比线性ELPs高8℃左右;在DESs体系中,三臂星型ELPs有类似与水溶液中的相变行为,且其相变温度受到抑制,另外三臂星型ELPs和ELPs120在DESs/PBS体系中,与在(氯化胆碱+尿素)/PBS体系中的相变行为一致,其中当DESs体积含量为50%,ELPs120相变温度是最低的。由于ELPs在非单一缓冲液体系中的相变行为不同,这丰富了ELPs作为纯化标签的应用,且在非单一缓冲液体系中因降低了相变温度,节约了纯化融合蛋白的经济成本,同时也为研究ELPs拓扑结构与其相变行为之间的关系奠定理论基础。     

结核分枝杆菌肝素结合血凝素蛋白的表达、纯化及免疫学特性的初步研究

目的:克隆肝素结合血凝素(HBHA)基因,并在大肠杆菌中进行表达和纯化,利用获得的蛋白进行免疫学特性的初步研究。方法:用PCR方法从结核分枝杆菌H37Rv基因组扩增出HBHA基因片段,克隆至pMD18-T载体中,序列测定正确后,将其亚克隆到表达载体pQE80L并在大肠杆菌DH5α中表达,表达蛋白经SDS-PAG及Western-blot分析后,亲和层析法纯化蛋白。获得的蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠,测定血清抗体水平及IgG2a/IgG1比例。结果:克隆了HBHA基因,并成功表达该蛋白,SDS-PAGE及Western-blot分析表明表达产物正确。通过亲和层析法得到28kD纯化蛋白,与文献报道相符,诱导小鼠可使CD4+和CD8+细胞数明显增加。结论:成功获得了纯化的HBHA蛋白,明确了HBHA蛋白的免疫学特性,为进一步研究HBHA蛋白的致病机理及新型疫苗的开发提供了实验依据。     

结核分枝杆菌肝素结合血凝素蛋白的表达、纯化及免疫学特性的初步研究

目的:克隆肝素结合血凝素(HBHA)基因,并在大肠杆菌中进行表达和纯化,利用获得的蛋白进行免疫学特性的初步研究.方法:用PCR方法从结核分枝杆菌H37Rv基因组扩增出HBHA基因片段,克隆至pMDI8-T载体中,序列测定正确后,将其亚克隆到表达载体pQE80L并在大肠杆菌DH5α中表达,表达蛋白经SDS-PAG及Western-blot分析后,亲和层析法纯化蛋白.获得的蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠,测定血清抗体水平及IgG2a/IgG1比例.结果:克隆了HBHA基因,并成功表达该蛋白,SDS-PAGE及Western-blot分析表明表达产物正确.通过亲和层析法得到28kD纯化蛋白,与文献报道相符,诱导小鼠可使CD4+和CD8+细胞数明显增加.结论:成功获得了纯化的HBHA蛋白,明确了HBHA蛋白的免疫学特性,为进一步研究HBHA蛋白的致病机理及新型疫苗的开发提供了实验依据.     

人α防御素5在大肠杆菌中的可溶性表达与纯化研究

采用PCR扩增大肠杆菌偏好的人α防御素5成熟肽(mHD-5)密码子序列, 并将其克隆至pMAL-p2x质粒, 构建pMAL-p2x-mHD-5表达载体, 转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3), 诱导表达, SDS-PAGE分析目的蛋白表达量并优化表达条件。经亲和层析、酶切和离子交换层析等方法分离、纯化重组mHD-5(rmHD-5)多肽。采用浊度法测定rmHD-5对细菌的抑制活性。通过优化表达条件, 获得约30%的可溶性目的蛋白表达量, 并成功纯化rmHD-5。rmHD-5对大肠杆菌标准菌株(ATCC25922)具有较强的抑制活性, 在终浓度为62.5mg/mL时, 90%以上的细胞被抑制。结果表明采用可溶性融合表达策略, 在原核表达系统中诱导表达并纯化具有生物活性的防御素是可行的途径之一。     

Designing an ELP-intein system: toward a more realistic outlook

Abstract

Despite the ever-growing demand for proteins in pharmaceutical applications, downstream processing imposes many technical and economic limitations to recombinant technology. Elastin-like polypeptides tend to aggregate reversibly at a specific temperature. These biopolymers have been joined with self-cleaving inteins to develop a non-chromatographic platform for protein purification without the need for expensive enzymatic tag removal. Following the design and expression of an ELP-intein-tagged GFP, herein, we report certain complications and setbacks associated with this protein purification system, overlooked in previous studies. Based on our results, a recovery rate of 68% was achieved using inverse transition cycling. Fluorescence intensity analysis indicated a production yield of 11?mg GFP fusion protein per liter of bacterial culture. The low expression level is attributable to several factors, such as irreversible aggregation, slipped-strand mispairing or insufficiency of aminoacyl tRNAs during protein translation of the highly repetitive ELP tag. While the goals we set out to achieve were not entirely met, a number of useful tips could be gathered as a generic means for implementing ELP-intein protein purification. Overall, we believe that such reports help clarify the exact capacity of emerging techniques and build a fairly realistic prospect toward their application.     

Elastin-like recombinamers: biosynthetic strategies and biotechnological applications

The past few decades have witnessed the development of novel naturally inspired biomimetic materials, such as polysaccharides and proteins. Likewise, the seemingly exponential evolution of genetic-engineering techniques and modern biotechnology has led to the emergence of advanced protein-based materials with multifunctional properties. This approach allows extraordinary control over the architecture of the polymer, and therefore, monodispersity, controlled physicochemical properties, and high sequence complexity that would otherwise be impossible to attain. Elastin-like recombinamers (ELRs) are emerging as some of the most prolific of these protein-based biopolymers. Indeed, their inherent properties, such as biocompatibility, smart nature, and mechanical qualities, make these recombinant polymers suitable for use in numerous biomedical and nanotechnology applications, such as tissue engineering, "smart" nanodevices, drug delivery, and protein purification. Herein, we present recent progress in the biotechnological applications of ELRs and the most important genetic engineering-based strategies used in their biosynthesis.     

Purification, isolation and search for possible functions of a phase-related 6080-Da peptide from the haemolymph of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria

Abstract. A novel 6-kDa peptide has been isolated from the haemolymph of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria (Forskal) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) , and fully identified. Its concentration is higher in crowd-reared (gregarious) animals than in isolated-reared (solitarious) ones. Its concentration decreases progressively from generation to generation with solitarization of gregarious locusts. The peptide is also present in freshly laid eggs. The concentration in eggs is higher in those from crowd-reared locusts. It is likely that the peptide is transferred from the female's haemolymph into the eggs because injection of the peptide into females before oviposition increases the amount of the 6-kDa peptide in the eggs. A two-step HPLC purification procedure for this peptide is described. It allowed several bioassays to test for a possible function. Although the peptide's concentration in the haemolymph is high (0.1 m m ), which suggests some physiological function, we have as yet not been able to identify a function. We hypothesize that the 6-kDa peptide may somehow play a role as a maternal factor in the determination of the phase-state of the offspring.     

Expression and purification of recombinant proteins from Escherichia coli: Comparison of an elastin-like polypeptide fusion with an oligohistidine fusion

Thermally responsive elastin like polypeptides (ELPs) can be used to purify proteins from Escherichia coli culture when proteins are expressed as a fusion with an ELP. Nonchromatographic purification of ELP fusion proteins, termed inverse transition cycling (ITC), exploits the reversible soluble-insoluble phase transition behavior imparted by the ELP tag. Here, we quantitatively compare the expression and purification of ELP and oligohistidine fusions of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT), blue fluorescent protein (BFP), thioredoxin (Trx), and calmodulin (CalM) from both a 4-h culture with chemical induction of the plasmid-borne fusion protein gene and a 24-h culture without chemical induction. The total protein content and functional activity were quantified at each ITC purification step. For CAT, BFP, and Trx, the 24-h noninduction culture of ELP fusion proteins results in a sevenfold increase in the yield of each fusion protein compared to that obtained by the 4-h-induced culture, and the calculated target protein yield is similar to that of their equivalent oligohistidine fusion. For these proteins, ITC purification of fusion proteins also results in approximately 75% recovery of active fusion protein, similar to affinity chromatography. Compared to chromatographic purification, however, ITC is inexpensive, requires no specialized equipment or reagents, and because ITC is a batch purification process, it is easily scaled up to accommodate larger culture volumes or scaled down and multiplexed for high-throughput, microscale purification; thus, potentially impacting both high-throughput protein expression and purification for proteomics and large scale, cost-effective industrial bioprocessing of pharmaceutically relevant proteins.     

Non-chromatographic Purification of Recombinant Elastin-like Polypeptides and their Fusions with Peptides and Proteins from Escherichia coli

Elastin-like polypeptides are repetitive biopolymers that exhibit a lower critical solution temperature phase transition behavior, existing as soluble unimers below a characteristic transition temperature and aggregating into micron-scale coacervates above their transition temperature. The design of elastin-like polypeptides at the genetic level permits precise control of their sequence and length, which dictates their thermal properties. Elastin-like polypeptides are used in a variety of applications including biosensing, tissue engineering, and drug delivery, where the transition temperature and biopolymer architecture of the ELP can be tuned for the specific application of interest. Furthermore, the lower critical solution temperature phase transition behavior of elastin-like polypeptides allows their purification by their thermal response, such that their selective coacervation and resolubilization allows the removal of both soluble and insoluble contaminants following expression in Escherichia coli. This approach can be used for the purification of elastin-like polypeptides alone or as a purification tool for peptide or protein fusions where recombinant peptides or proteins genetically appended to elastin-like polypeptide tags can be purified without chromatography. This protocol describes the purification of elastin-like polypeptides and their peptide or protein fusions and discusses basic characterization techniques to assess the thermal behavior of pure elastin-like polypeptide products.     

Purify First: rapid expression and purification of proteins from XMRV

Purifying proteins from recombinant sources is often difficult, time-consuming, and costly. We have recently instituted a series of improvements in our protein purification pipeline that allows much more accurate choice of expression host and conditions and purification protocols. The key elements are parallel cloning, small scale parallel expression and lysate preparation, and small scale parallel protein purification. Compared to analyzing expression data only, results from multiple small scale protein purifications predict success at scale-up with greatly improved reliability. Using these new procedures we purified eight of nine proteins from xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) on the first attempt at large scale.     

抗P185工程抗体表达与纯化的研究

人类的原癌基因Her-2编码一个185kDa的跨膜受体酪氨酸激酶,也称为p185,是肿瘤相关蛋白,在多种癌细胞,特别乳腺癌中有高表达。本实验室构建了抗p185/HER-2的二价的嵌合抗体（scFv-Fc）,并证明其保留了亲本抗体的特异结合活性,进而建立了高表达的细胞株。本研究对该嵌合抗体进行滚瓶大规模培养,并对培养产物的纯化条件进行了摸索,建立了亲和层析和阳离子交换层析两步法。最终产物的纯度达到95％以上,回收率为63％。我们还摸索了嵌合抗体的冻干保存条件,抗体可以保持其稳定性和结合活性达一年以上。嵌合抗体纯化工艺和保存条件的确定,为进一步的临床研究奠定了基础。     

连续流层析技术在亲和层析中的应用及生产放大评估

生物制药行业迅速发展,尤其是上游表达量的增加和规模的扩大,促使上游培养采用连续灌流方式,同时也推动了下游纯化生产工艺相应的采取连续纯化策略。以灌流培养的Fc融合蛋白为例,采用 BioSMB PD设备,对比了下游工艺亲和层析捕获步骤中单柱批次纯化和连续流层析纯化的样品纯度和收率,并在此基础上进行小试工艺放大和生产实际用量成本计算评估。连续流层析实现了上游灌流培养与下游亲和层析连续化的可行性,工艺稳定,回收率与批次纯化接近,但相比批次纯化,生产效率明显提高,填料载量提高,同时填料使用效率提高,生产成本显著降低。     

An efficient system for high-level expression and easy purification of authentic recombinant proteins

Expression of recombinant proteins as fusions to the eukaryotic protein ubiquitin has been found to significantly increase the yield of unstable or poorly expressed proteins. The benefit of this technique is further enhanced by the availability of naturally occurring deubiquitylating enzymes, which remove ubiquitin from the fusion product. However, the versatility of the system has been constrained due to the lack of a robust, easily purified deubiquitylating enzyme. Here we report the development of an efficient expression system, utilizing the ubiquitin fusion technique, which allows convenient high yield and easy purification of authentic protein. An Escherichia coli vector (pHUE) was constructed for the expression of proteins as histidine-tagged ubiquitin fusions, and a histidine-tagged deubiquitylating enzyme to cleave these fusions was expressed and purified. The expression system was tested using several proteins varying in size and complexity. These results indicate that this procedure will be suitable for the expression and rapid purification of a broad range of proteins and peptides, and should be amenable to high-throughput applications.