高效液相色谱(HPLC)技术鉴定中国南方大豆品种异黄酮主要组分

采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)技术检测中国南方六个省份的249份大豆品种异黄酮主要组分含量.结果显示大豆籽粒中可检测出6种主要的异黄酮组分,分别为大豆甙(Daidzin)、甲氧基黄豆甙原(Glycitin)、染料木甙(Genistin)、丙二酰基大豆甙(Malonyldaidzin)、丙二酰基黄豆甙原(Malonylglycitin)和丙二酰基染料木甙(Malonylgenistin).各组分中以丙二酰基(Malonyl)异黄酮组分含量最高(61.2%),且各组分间相关极显著.大豆品种间异黄酮含量变异较大,变异系数达49.6%.来自江苏省的品种海门红黄豆乙异黄酮含量最高(4932.3μg/g),品种宝应等西风含量最低(367.1μg/g).不同省份间异黄酮含量差异极显著,来自浙江省的大豆品种平均含量最高(2717.2μg/g),来自安徽省的平均含量最低(1181.8μg/g).异黄酮含量与生育期呈极显著正相关(r=0.319* * *),与百粒重呈显著正相关(r=0.132*),而与脂肪含量(r=-0.45* * *)和蛋白质含量(r=-0.136)呈负相关.     

不同绿豆突变体主要农艺性状的多元遗传分析

对12个绿豆突变体的10个主要农艺性状进行了相关分析、主成份分析及聚类分析.分析结果表明：10个主要农艺性状的变异系数为16.01%（单株荚数）～3.64%（荚宽）.相关分析表明单株荚数与单株产量呈极显著的正相关;百粒重与单株产量呈显著的负相关;生育期与单株产量呈极显著的负相关.主成分分析结果表明前4个主成分（产量构成因子、单荚粒数因子、株型因子和荚宽因子）对变异的贡献率达87.45%;聚类分析后把12个绿豆突变体分为5类,各类之间单株产量差异明显.在绿豆突变体的选择中只有把不同性状综合考虑进去,才能够真正选择出性状优良的突变体.     

大豆蛋白质含量的遗传变异及其与主要农艺性状的相关性分析

摘要：以综合性状优良的黄淮海区主栽大豆品种中黄13为轮回亲本,从大豆微核心种质中选择蛋白质含量显著低于或高于轮回亲本的中黄20、东山69、迟黄豆-1和泰兴牛毛黄乙等4个品种作为供体亲本,比较分析了4个组合的RP、DP、F2、BC1F2和BC2F2蛋白质含量的遗传变异及其与主要农艺性状的相关性,结果表明,双亲蛋白质含量高有利于提高其杂交、回交后代的蛋白质平均含量及超轮回亲本个体比例;F2、BC1F2和BC2F2群体蛋白质含量的变异系数依次降低,BC2F2的蛋白质平均含量及其变异系数接近于轮回亲本;蛋白质含量在F2群体内呈正态分布,在双亲蛋白质含量高的组合中,其BC1F2群体呈偏态分布,但在BC2F2群体恢复了正态分布,稳定较快;供体亲本与其杂交2代、回交1代和回交2代在蛋白质含量、脂肪含量、株高、单株荚数、单株粒数、百粒重等性状上呈显著或极显著相关。     

大豆种质资源农艺性状和产量的年份间差异及其关系

明确大豆种质资源农艺性状的变化及其与产量的关系对大豆遗传育种具有重要的意义。以249份大豆种质资源为材料,应用多元统计方法分析了大田条件下两年间大豆农艺性状与产量的变化。结果表明,大豆种质资源的农艺性状和产量两年变异系数分别为6.2%~78.0%和6.3%~48.5%,变异较大。生育日数因在黄淮海区域生态类型较接近,变异系数较小;而主茎节数变异系数也较小。株高、有效分枝数、底荚高度、单株荚数、单株粒数、每荚粒数、单株粒重、百粒重、单位面积产量则相对变异较大。品种之间农艺性状和产量差异均显著。不同年份间生态因子（温度、降水量及日照时数）对大豆农艺性状和产量的影响较大,年份间不同指标差异亦显著。分别对两年农艺性状采用主成分分析,简化为4个与产量相关的独立指标,并建立了产量与农艺性状之间的方程Y=17.5-1.76x1+1.32x2+0.30x3+2.50x4和Y=198.8-3.12x1+7.71x2+0.08x3+2.71x4以表达其量化关系;采用聚类分析方法将两年中249份大豆种质资源分别聚为5类,并分析了各类品种的特性,为高产稳产大豆新品种的选育以及高产栽培措施的调控提供理论依据。     

谷子籽粒蛋白质、脂肪、千粒重的遗传变异

以来自华北夏谷区、东北春谷区、西北高原早熟春谷区、西北高原中晚熟春谷区等4个主要谷子生态区的270个品种为材料,包括育成品种220份和地方品种50份,测定了籽粒千粒重、蛋白质和脂肪含量。结果表明:270份谷子品种平均蛋白质含量(11.18±1.14)%,脂肪含量(4.00±0.42)%,千粒重(2.87±0.28)g。育成品种的蛋白质含量显著低于地方品种蛋白质含量,而育成品种和地方品种的脂肪含量、千粒重差异不显著;不同生态区品种之间蛋白质含量、千粒重差异显著,但脂肪含量差异不显著。西北早熟春谷区品种蛋白质含量平均最高、千粒重最大,华北夏谷区品种蛋白质含量平均最低、千粒重最小;蛋白质含量和千粒重显著正相关,蛋白质含量、千粒重和生育期显著负相关。本研究报道了近30年来我国谷子主产区谷子品种的蛋白质、脂肪含量和千粒重的差异,对于谷子品质育种具有借鉴意义;研究认为谷子籽粒的蛋白质、脂肪含量和千粒重应作为品质育种的重要指标加以重视。     

新收集大豆种质资源主要品质鉴定与评价

对"十五"期间新收集、保存入国家种质资源库的841份大豆种质资源的蛋白质、脂肪两个主要品质性状进行了鉴定评价.结果表明,蛋白质、脂肪含量均近似正态分布,最大频度分别出现在41.01%～ 42.00%含量范围和20.01%～21.00%含量范围.与以前收集、保存的种质资源相比,新收集种质资源的蛋白质含量呈下降趋势,而脂肪含量和蛋脂总量呈上升趋势.不同类型种质资源的品质性状比较结果表明,地方品种的蛋白质总体水平明显高于育种材料、引进种质和选育品种3种类型,引进种质的脂肪、蛋脂总量的总体水平明显高于其他3种类型.国内种质资源高蛋白质大豆占有率高于引进种质资源;引进种质资源高脂肪、高蛋白兼高油的大豆占有率高于国内种质资源.     

东北春大豆种质资源表型分析及综合评价

种质资源是大豆遗传育种和解析复杂数量性状的基础,通过对种质资源的评价,可指导育种实践中优异互补亲本的选择,提高优异基因交流累加和新品种培育的效率。本研究选用来自东北三省一区1923-2010年间选育的340份春大豆种质资源,通过在牡丹江地区对12个表型性状的2年综合鉴定,评价品种群体遗传变异特点和筛选优异种质资源,结果表明:(1)春大豆种质资源表型变异丰富。除生育期年份间差异不显著外,其他性状品种间和年份间均呈显著的差异,且2年变化趋势相同。有效分枝数变异幅度最大,其次是主茎荚数、单株粒重和株高,这些性状选择潜力较大,品质性状的变异幅度较小,选择潜力有限;(2)表型性状特征频率分布均符合正态分布。受育成单位纬度和育种目标的影响,生育期呈现北早南晚,北部育成品种营养体较小、植株矮小、节数相对较少、脂肪含量较高,南部育成品种营养体较大、植株高大、单株有效节数多且主茎单节最多荚数多,部分品种蛋白质含量相对较高;(3)采用主成分分析方法综合评价表明,吉育71的ZF值最高,综合性状表现最好,表型性状与ZF值相关分析结果显示,生育期、株高、主茎节数、地上部生物产量、收获指数、主茎荚数和主茎单节最多荚数等7个表型性状可作为春大豆种质资源综合评价指标。在大豆育种中应重视利用具有丰富遗传多样性的基因资源,在亲本选配时适当选择综合性状优良、育种性状优势互补的种质。     

中国北方地区大豆主栽品种五种成分检测与分析

对中国北方黑龙江省、吉林省、内蒙古3省50种大豆主栽品种进行检测分析,分别测定了蛋白质、脂肪、植酸、总异黄酮和胰蛋白酶抑制剂的含量。通过分析不同省份大豆品种各项指标平均含量得出：黑龙江省大豆蛋白质、植酸、总黄酮平均含量最高,脂肪氧化酶含量最低;吉林省大豆脂肪平均含量最高,蛋白质、总黄酮含量最低;内蒙古大豆脂肪氧化酶平均含量最高,脂肪、植酸含量最低。对不同省份之间大豆品种各项指标平均含量进行差异性分析得出：各省份脂肪、脂肪氧化酶平均含量差异显著或极显著,蛋白质、植酸含量差异显著或不显著,总黄酮含量差异不显著。各省大豆品种之间相关性分析结果表明：蛋白含量、脂肪含量、总黄酮含量和脂肪氧化酶含量之间两两呈负相关关系,植酸含量与蛋白质含量、总黄酮含量呈正相关关系,与脂肪含量、脂肪氧化酶含量呈负相关关系。     

大豆微核心种质与育成品种的种子蛋白11S/7S比值的分析

大豆种子蛋白的11S/7S比值与大豆蛋白的营养品质和加工品质密切相关.本实验以205份微核心种质和248份育成品种为材料,利用SDS-PAGE电泳分离11S球蛋白和7S伴球蛋白的各亚基,通过Gel-pro analysis 4.5软件计算11S和7S的相对含量以及11S/7S比值.结果表明,参试品种的l1S和7S的含量呈极显著负相关(r=-0.32,p＜0.01),微核心种质和育成品种11S/7S比值范围分别为0.55～4.95和0.74～2.61,平均值均为1.56,变异系数分别为0.24%和0.19%.在参试材料中,没有检测到蛋白亚基缺失的材料,但在微核心种质与育成品种中筛选出β和A3亚基含量低的材料,其中,β低含量材料所占比例分别为9.3%和16.5%,A3低含量率分别为1.5%和0,说明微核心种质的11S/7S比值变异大于育成品种.通过比较发现,微核心种质中的南方大豆在所有参试大豆中11S/7S平均值最高,黄淮夏大豆在所有参试大豆中11S/7S平均值最低.研究结果表明,微核心种质比育成品种具有更丰富的遗传多样性,是鉴定优异资源的重要物质基础.     

不同结荚习性夏大豆种质的农艺表现及其与产量的相关分析

以533份不同结荚习性大豆种质为试验材料,研究了不同结荚习性大豆种质在黄淮夏播生态区的农艺性状表现,并对主要农艺性状和产量的相关性进行了分析。结果表明:大豆种质的营养期、株高、有效分枝、单株荚数、倒伏性、株型等性状的平均值随无限-亚有限-有限结荚习性递减,生殖期、单株粒重、百粒重、小区产量等性状平均值的变化趋势则相反。相关分析表明,无限结荚习性种质的产量与株高、单株粒重呈极显著正相关,偏相关系数分别为0.602**、0.566**,与有效分枝、倒伏性呈显著负相关,偏相关系数分别为-0.384*、-0.451*。亚有限结荚习性种质的产量与生殖期、单株粒重呈显著、极显著正相关,偏相关系数分别为0.156*、0.536*,与有效分枝呈极显著负相关,偏相关系数为-0.323**。有限结荚习性种质的产量与单株粒重、株高呈极显著正相关,偏相关系数分别为0.433**、0.262**,与株型、单株荚数呈显著、极显著负相关,偏相关系数分别为-0.149*、-0.198**。结合不同结荚习性品种的生长特点,本研究认为,无限结荚习性品种株高较高且株高与产量呈极显著正相关,适合干旱地区种植;亚有限结荚习性品种生殖期与产量呈正相关,生殖期内生长旺盛需要较多的养分供应;有限结荚习性品种的营养生长持续时间短,株高较矮,吸收光能有限,实现高产主要依赖各性状器官间的平衡。生产中,有限结荚习性品种的营养生长期间既需要充足的肥水促其生长,又要防止旺长。     

河南省花生地方资源蛋白质和脂肪含量分析及其育种利用策略

对233份河南省地方花生资源进行了蛋白质含量、含油量、油酸和亚油酸含量的全面测定,并与省外和国外资源的相关性状进行了比较分析。在河南地方品种资源中,蛋白质含量中等,平均含油量和油酸含量相对较高,但缺乏蛋白质含量超过30%或含油量超过56%、油酸含量超过70%的突出材料。河南省目前高油品种选育有明显进展,育成了一批高油花生品种,但育成品种蛋白质含量普遍偏低。提出了充分利用现有地方品种资源,积极采用远缘杂交、诱变、分子标记辅助选择技术及现代基因工程技术创制优良种质,选育优质专用品种的育种策略。     

The Most Recent Dreams of 12–13 Year-Old Boys and Girls: A Methodological Contribution to the Study of Dream Content in Teenagers

The present study shows that the Most Recent Dream Method developed for the efficient and economical collection of dream reports from adults can be extended to suburban Caucasian 12–13 year-old boys and girls. A content analysis of 162 Most Recent Dreams from girls and 110 Most Recent Dreams from boys using the Hall and Van de Castle (1996) coding system revealed the same general pattern of gender similarities and differences found in the dream content of young adults. A comparison of the present results with those from participants between the ages of 11–13 and with a similar social background in two longitudinal studies showed several similarities in dream content. The overall findings thus suggest that the Most Recent Dream Method may provide a reasonably representative sample of dream reports from teenagers if at least 100 to 125 Most Recent Dreams are collected for each age group, making cross-sectional developmental studies of teenagers' dreams feasible if the cooperation of a school system can be enlisted. Suggestions for other kinds of studies using Most Recent Dreams from teenagers are also discussed.     

Effect of PEG-6000 imposed drought stress on RNA content,relative water content (RWC), and chlorophyll content in peanut leaves and roots

Drought, one of the environmental stresses, plays crucial role in reduction in plant production on majority of agricultural fields of world, In order to evaluate drought stress on RNA content Relative water content (RWC), and chlorophyll content, Water deficit was induced by Polyethylene glycol (PEG) in peanut (Arachis hypogaea), accession number ICGV 91114. In this current study we evaluate RNA content and Relative water content (RWC) both in leaves and roots and chlorophyll content in leaf. The present study was undertaken with the aim to investigate the effect of water deficit imposed by PEG-6000, 40 old day seedlings were treated with varying concentrations of polyethylene glycol-6000 (PEG-6000; w/v-5%, 10%, 15% & 20%) for 24 h. The results showed that RNA content and Relative water content (RWC) content was significantly reduced in both leaves and roots with increased concentration of PEG, In leaves, a concentration dependent decline in chlorophyll content with increasing concentration of polyethylene glycol-6000 (PEG-6000). Reduction in chlorophyll ‘a’ level was to a greater extent than the chlorophyll ‘b’. Thus, this attributes can be used as screening tool for drought tolerance in peanut.     

The Dreams of Blind Men and Women: A Replication and Extension of Previous Findings

Drawing on a sample of 372 dreams from 15 blind adults, we present two separate analyses that replicate and extend findings from previous studies. The first analysis employed DreamSearch, a software program designed for use with dream narratives, to examine the appearance of the five sensory modalities. It revealed that those blind since birth or very early childhood had (1) no visual imagery and (2) a very high percentage of gustatory, olfactory, and tactual sensory references. The second analysis found that both male and female participants differed from their sighted counterparts in the same ways on several Hall and Van de Castle (1966) coding categories, including a high percentage of locomotion/transportation dreams that contained at least one dreamer-involved misfortune. The findings on sensory references and dreamer-involved misfortunes in locomotion/transportation dreams are interpreted as evidence for the continuity between dream content and waking cognition.     

干旱胁迫下白桦（Betula plathphylla）实生苗叶片的水分代谢与部分渗透调节物质的变化

在土壤干旱胁迫进程中,白桦实生苗叶片的自然含水量呈下降趋势;相对含水量的总的变化趋势与自然含水量相同;束缚水含量及束缚水/自由水比值显著升高,复水后,三者又重新恢复至正常水平。随着土壤水分逐渐减少,可溶性蛋白质的含量呈现减少趋势,复水后,可溶性蛋白质含量又可恢复至正常水平。白桦实生苗叶片可溶性糖含量增加,复水后可溶性糖含量降至趋于对照水平。     

油菜油分、蛋白质和硫苷含量相关性分析及QTL定位

为定位与油分、蛋白质和硫苷含量等品质性状相关的数量性状位点（QTL）,以2个含油量较高的甘蓝型油菜（Brassica napus）品系8908B和R1为研究材料,配置正反交组合。在正反交F2代群体中,含油量和蛋白质含量都存在极显著的负相关,相关系数分别为-0．68和-0．81,含油量和硫苷含量相关性不显著：蛋白质含量和硫苷含量在正交群体中相关性不显著,但在反交群体中存在显著负相关（相关系数r=-0．45）。利用正交F2代群体中的118个单株,构建了包含121个标记的遗传连锁图谱,图谱长1298．7cM,有21个连锁群（LGs）。采用复合区间作图法,在连锁图上定位了2个与含油量有关的QTL,分别位于LG8和LG10,其贡献率分别为4．8％和13．7％,增效基因都来源于R1;定位了2个与蛋白质含量有关的QTL：pr01和pr02,分别位于LG1和LG3,其贡献率分别为15．2％和14．1％,位点pr07由8908B提供增效基因,pro2则由R1提供增效基因：定位了4个与硫苷含量有关的QTL,其中LG20上有2个,LG4和LG8上各1个,它们的贡献率在1．9％-25．4％之间,除LG20上glu7的增效基因来自R1外,其余3个QTL位点均由8908B提供增效基因。     

Growth and internal ion concentrations in seedlings of winter wheat are affected by 1 pM tentoxin

The long-term effect of tentoxin on K^+;, Ca²⁺ and total phosphorus (P) concentrations in the roots and shoots of 7- and 14-day-old seedlings of winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Martonvásári-8) was studied. Growth (dry weight) and shoot to root ratios (dry weight and mineral concentrations) were also estimated. One p M tentoxin increased the shoot to root ratio for dry weight after a 14-day period of application. The concentration of Ca²⁺ slightly increased in the shoot. In roots, tentoxin caused a 30% higher accumulation of Ca²⁺ after 7 days, which did not change with treatment during the following 7 days. The accumulation of Ca²⁺ was enhanced by increasing concentrations of tentoxin. K⁺ and total P levels increased in roots but decreased in shoots after 7 days. However, they were redistributed between root and shoot during days 8–14 of tentoxin treatment. The effect of tentoxin is explained as a stimulation of ion transport mainly into the vacuoles of the immature metaxylem elements. It is suggested that tentoxin and other microbial products effective at very low concentrations may have a general significance in promoting plant infection or symbiosis via the modification of physiological or biochemical processes.     

Base composition and nucleosome density in exonic and intronic regions in genes of the filamentous ascomycetes Aspergillus nidulans and Aspergillus oryzae

We sequenced nucleosomal DNA fragments of the filamentous ascomycetes Aspergillus nidulans and Aspergillus oryzae and then mapped those sequences on their genomes. We compared the GC content and nucleosome density in the exonic and intronic regions in the genes of A. nidulans and A. oryzae. Although the GC content and nucleosome density in the exonic regions tended to be higher than those in the intronic regions, the difference in the distribution of the GC content was more notable than that of the nucleosome density. Next, we compared the GC content and nucleosome density in the exonic regions of 9616 orthologous gene pairs. In both Aspergillus species, the GC content did not correlate with the nucleosome density. In addition, the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (ρ = 0.51) between the GC content of the exonic regions of the 9616 orthologous gene pairs was higher than that (ρ = 0.31) of the nucleosome densities of A. nidulans and A. oryzae. These results strongly suggest that the GC content in the exons of the orthologous gene pairs has been conserved during evolution but the nucleosome density has varied throughout.     

不同农业利用方式下土壤铜和锌的累积

通过对山东寿光表层农业土壤(0～20cm)铜和锌的调查研究,了解不同农业利用方式下土壤铜和锌含量的差异,揭示其空间分布规律及其累积特征.从研究区域采集来自设施菜地、露天菜地、小麦/玉米/棉花地和自然土壤等4类当地主要农业利用方式的土壤(n=127),样点覆盖寿光整个农业生产区域.结果表明,山东寿光农业土壤的铜含量均值为26.43mg · kg-1,极差69.11 mg · kg-1,锌含量均值为80.50mg · kg-1,极差210.8 mg · kg-1.不同农业利用方式的土壤铜锌含量从高至低的顺序均为:设施菜地>露天菜地>小麦/玉米/棉花地>自然土壤,不同农业土壤铜锌含量均出现了明显累积趋势,其中,以设施菜地的累积问题最为突出,其铜锌含量分别为33.91、124.2mg · kg-1,显著高于其它农业利用土壤类型, 但均未超过国家土壤环境质量II级标准;从研究区域铜锌含量的空间分布看,当地农业土壤铜锌含量均表现为北部、南部区域较低、中部地带较高的趋势;在集约化种植模式下,设施菜地铜锌含量随着设施年限的延长显著增加(p<0.05),其累积速率分别为1.49mg · kg-1 · a-1和2.59mg · kg-1 · a-1,这可能与铜锌含量相对较高的有机肥大量施用有关.     

The Most Recent Dreams of Children Ages 8–11

The present study examined whether the Most Recent Dream Method is a feasible choice for dream collection from children as young as 8 years old. A quantitative analysis of 30 Most Recent Dreams from 8–11 year-old girls and 32 Most Recent Dreams from 8–11 year-old boys reveals that the method seems feasible as indicated by children's ability to respond. The basic findings for recency, length, types of characters, and other content categories show the same overall pattern of gender similarities and differences by age 10–11 as found with 12–13 year-olds and young adults. Girls' dream reports especially begin to resemble those of older girls and young women by age 10–11. These results, if confirmed by follow-up studies with larger numbers of children, suggest that reasonably representative samples of the dreams of girls from age 10 onward can be collected using the Most Recent Dream method.