大豆种质资源农艺性状和产量的年份间差异及其关系

明确大豆种质资源农艺性状的变化及其与产量的关系对大豆遗传育种具有重要的意义。以249份大豆种质资源为材料，应用多元统计方法分析了大田条件下两年间大豆农艺性状与产量的变化。结果表明，大豆种质资源的农艺性状和产量两年变异系数分别为6.2%~78.0%和6.3%~48.5%，变异较大。生育日数因在黄淮海区域生态类型较接近，变异系数较小；而主茎节数变异系数也较小。株高、有效分枝数、底荚高度、单株荚数、单株粒数、每荚粒数、单株粒重、百粒重、单位面积产量则相对变异较大。品种之间农艺性状和产量差异均显著。不同年份间生态因子（温度、降水量及日照时数）对大豆农艺性状和产量的影响较大，年份间不同指标差异亦显著。分别对两年农艺性状采用主成分分析，简化为4个与产量相关的独立指标，并建立了产量与农艺性状之间的方程Y=17.5-1.76x1+1.32x2+0.30x3+2.50x4和Y=198.8-3.12x1+7.71x2+0.08x3+2.71x4以表达其量化关系；采用聚类分析方法将两年中249份大豆种质资源分别聚为5类，并分析了各类品种的特性，为高产稳产大豆新品种的选育以及高产栽培措施的调控提供理论依据。

Variation of Agronomic Traits and Production of Germplasm Resources of Soybean in Different Years and the Relationship Between Them

It is very important for inheritance and plant breeding to definite the changes of agronomic traits and the relationship with production. Agronomic traits and production of 249 soybean germplasms were investigated under field condition for 2 years, and multi-statistics analysis was then applied to analysis the results. The results showed that the coefficient of variation (CV) of germplasm of soybean based on agronomic characters and production were 6.2%-78.0% and 6.3%-48.5%, respectively. CV for growth period was small because of the similar ecotype of the germplasm resources in the area of Huang-Huai-Hai plain. CV for stem nodes number was also small. CVs for plant height, effective branch number, bottom pods height, the pods number per plant, grain number of single plant, number of seeds per pod, grain weight per plant, 100-seed weight and yield per unit area were large. Agronomic traits and production were significant different between cultivars. Effects of ecological factors (including temperature, precipitation and sunshine hours) of different years on agronomic characters and production of soybean were large. Agronomic traits between different years were also significantly different. Agronomic traits could be simplified for 4 independent indexes correlating with production by using principal component analysis in 2 years. Furthermore, it could be quantified the relationship between agronomic characters and production according to establish set of equation Y=17.5-1.76x1+1.32x2+0.30x3+2.50x4 and Y=198.8-3.12x1+7.71x2+0.08x3+2.71x4 in 2 years between them. The characters of all type cultivars in 2 years were analyzed by using the method of cluster analysis for 5 types, respectively, to provide theoretical basis for breeding new soybean cultivars of high and stable yield.