脱细胞神经移植物对骨髓间充质干细胞的诱导分化

目的探讨脱细胞神经移植物诱导大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞分化为施旺细胞样细胞的可行性。方法将分离纯化的SD大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞进行体外培养扩增,行表型鉴定后,取第5代细胞,诱导组采用脱细胞神经移植物匀浆进行诱导,非诱导组加入等量无血清培养基,倒置相差显微镜观察诱导后细胞形态变化,免疫细胞化学染色检测诱导后细胞S-100,神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白(glial fibrillary acidic protein GFAP)的表达情况。结果BMSCs表型鉴定为CD44+、CD54+、CD34-,免疫细胞化学染色GFAP、S-100的阳性表达率分别为为(42±4)%和(64±5)%。结果 脱细胞神经移植物可诱导骨髓间充质干细胞分化为施旺细胞样细胞。     

化学方法体外诱导大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞成神经样细胞分化

目的:研究化学方法体外诱导大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞向神经样细胞的可持续性分化。方法:体外培养大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞至P5代,流式细胞术检测细胞表面标志物,将细胞分为丁羟茴醚(BHA)诱导组、β巯基乙醇(BME)诱导组和对照组,分别进行化学诱导分化,通过荧光定量PCR、Western印迹和免疫细胞化学法分别检测巢蛋白、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、胶质原纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)等神经细胞标志分子的表达情况。结果:BHA诱导组高表达GFAP,而BME诱导组高表达巢蛋白,2组NSE表达均较弱;同时在诱导结束后继续培养的过程中,2组神经标志分子表达量持续降低。结论:2种方法都能诱导骨髓间充质干细胞向神经样细胞分化,但分化结局不同,BHA诱导分化后细胞主要表达星形胶质细胞表面标志GFAP,而BME诱导分化后细胞主要表达神经前体细胞表面标志巢蛋白;此外,通过化学方法诱导分化的效果是不可持续的,在诱导结束后继续培养的过程中神经标志分子表达逐渐下调。     

脐血间充质干细胞诱导向神经元样细胞分化的实验研究

目的:研究脐血间充质干细胞生物学特性及向神经元样细胞分化的潜能。方法:采用密度梯度离心结合贴壁培养法自脐血中分离间充质干细胞,观察细胞生长情况,描绘生长曲线,流式细胞仪检测细胞表面标志物,分别向成骨细胞、脂肪细胞、神经元样细胞进行诱导分化,通过茜素红染色、油红O染色检测脐血间充质干细胞成骨、成脂肪细胞诱导分化能力,而以免疫组织化学检测诱导后细胞表面神经标志物的表达。结果:纯化的脐血间充质干细胞贴壁生长,呈均一梭形,生长曲线呈S型,并以P3代增殖能力最强,细胞表面不表达或弱表达CD34、CD35、CD106,高表达CD29、CD44、CD105。成骨诱导2周后,可检测到钙化基质的形成,成脂肪诱导3周后,可检测到脂滴的形成。向神经元样细胞诱导分化后,可观察到典型的神经元样形态改变,且NSE、NF、GFAP阳性表达。结论:分离纯化的脐血间充质干细胞具有较强的增殖能力与分化潜能,并在体外诱导条件下可以向神经元样细胞定向分化。     

脐血CD-34单个核细胞来源间充质干细胞研究

目的 :探讨分离培养脐血CD-3 4 细胞来源间充质干细胞 (MSC)及研究其生物学特征。方法 :取足月妊娠健康产妇胎儿脐血 ,分离其中单个核细胞 (MNC) ,去除CD 3 4 细胞 ,体外用低糖型DMEM培养基培养。观察细胞形态、测定生长曲线、利用流式细胞仪对培养细胞进行表型测定、细胞周期分析、体外诱导分化实验以及检测造血因子的表达情况。结果 :脐血CD-3 4 细胞中可培养出间充质干细胞 ,可诱导向成骨和脂肪细胞分化并表达IL 6、SCF和SDF 1等造血生长因子。结论 :从足月妊娠健康产妇脐血CD-3 4 细胞可分离培养出间充质干细胞 ,具有与其它来源MSC类似的表型及分化潜能 ,在体外传代可保持其低分化状态并表达造血因子 ,可作为组织工程的种子细胞和具有促进造血作用     

脐血间充质干细胞诱导向神经元样细胞分化的实验研究

目的：研究脐血间充质干细胞生物学特性及向神经元样细胞分化的潜能。方法：采用密度梯度离心结合贴壁培养法自脐血中分离间充质干细胞,观察细胞生长情况,描绘生长曲线,流式细胞仪检测细胞表面标志物,分别向成骨细胞、脂肪细胞、神经元样细胞进行诱导分化,通过茜素红染色、油红O染色检测脐血间充质干细胞成骨、成脂肪细胞诱导分化能力,而以免疫组织化学检测诱导后细胞表面神经标志物的表达。结果：纯化的脐血间充质干细胞贴壁生长,呈均一梭形,生长曲线呈S型,并以P3代增殖能力最强,细胞表面不表达或弱表达CD34、CD35、CD106,高表达CD29、CD44、CD105。成骨诱导2周后,可检测到钙化基质的形成,成脂肪诱导3周后,可检测到脂滴的形成。向神经元样细胞诱导分化后,可观察到典型的神经元样形态改变,且NSE、NF、GFAP阳性表达。结论：分离纯化的脐血间充质干细胞具有较强的增殖能力与分化潜能,并在体外诱导条件下可以向神经元样细胞定向分化。     

软骨细胞上清液诱导冻存复苏后人骨髓间充质干细胞的研究

目的:探讨人软骨细胞培养上清诱导冻存人骨髓充质干细胞向软骨细胞分化的可行性.方法:取进行全髋关节置换术老年患者的骨髓和软骨组织,利用密度梯度离心法、全骨髓培养法分别培养骨髓间充质干细胞,冻存备用.培养软骨细胞,观察细胞生长,收集软骨细胞培养上清.复苏冻存的人骨髓间充质干细胞,观察复苏后细胞生长状态.利用收集的软骨细胞培养上清对复苏间充质干细胞进行定向诱导,诱导培养2周,观察细胞外观表型变化,Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化检测诱导后人骨髓间充质干细胞Ⅱ型胶原的表达.结果:密度梯度离心法与全骨髓培养法均可分离获得人骨髓间充质干细胞,原代生长前者优于后者.复苏细胞仍进行可传代,与正常生长骨髓间充质细胞无明显差异,均可传至第8代.软骨细胞培养上清诱导2周后,细胞形状向圆形,多角形转变,冻存骨髓间充质干细胞Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化检测Ⅱ型胶原表达阳性.结论:老年人骨髓间充质干细胞仍具有向软骨细胞转化的能力,冻存不影响其转化能力.     

阿尔巴斯绒山羊骨髓间充质干细胞体外分离培养及鉴定

探讨阿尔巴斯绒山羊骨髓间充质干细胞(Arbas cashmere goat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells,g BMMSCs)体外分离培养,并对其生物学特性进行系统的鉴定,进一步深入分析体外诱导时多向分化相关基因动态表达情况。结果显示,原代培养的g BM-MSCs呈梭形或纺锤形、放射状排列的细胞集落,能够连续稳定传代至15代以上;免疫荧光及流式细胞术检测显示,g BM-MSCs表达间质系特异性表面标志物,如:CD13、CD29、CD44、CD106、CD90及CD166,不表达造血干细胞表面标志物CD45及CD34;体外诱导实验证实该细胞具有多向分化潜能,能够向脂肪细胞、成骨细胞和软骨细胞分化;荧光定量PCR实验结果显示,g BM-MSCs多向分化相关基因的表达水平随着诱导天数的增加呈上升趋势。实验结果证实阿尔巴斯绒山羊骨髓中分离培养的细胞具备g BM-MSCs的生物学特性。     

兔骨髓间充质干细胞的体外分离培养和生物学特性观察

目的:探讨兔骨髓间充质干细胞体外分离、培养和鉴定方法,观察其生物学特性.方法:采集兔股骨及胫骨骨髓组织,采用密度梯度离心法结合贴壁培养法体外分离、培养和扩增兔骨髓间充质干细胞,倒置相差显微镜观察细胞形态,绘制原代、第1、3、8代细胞生长曲线,流式细胞术检测细胞表面标志物,成骨和成脂肪诱导培养鉴定,观察细胞生物学特性.结果:培养的BMSCs呈纺锤形、长梭形,旋涡状排列、放射性生长,增值活跃.各代细胞生长曲线呈S型,细胞增值活跃.细胞表面标志物CD44分子阳性,CD34和CD45分子阴性.经成骨和成脂肪诱导后细胞碱性磷酸酶染色和油红O染色阳性.结论:成功建立了兔BMSCs体外分离、培养的有效方法,扩增的BMSCs仍保留多向分化潜能,是理想的组织工程种子细胞.     

DDR2基因缺失对小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞生物学特性的影响

目的:骨髓间充质干细胞(Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells,BMSCs)是骨再生工程中重要的种子细胞,它对骨组织缺损的修复有着良好的效果。但是BMSCs向成骨细胞分化并修复骨组织缺损是是由细胞外因子共同作用产生的结果。DDR2(Discoidin Domain Receptor 2)作为I型胶原的特异性受体在成骨细胞的分化中发挥重要的调节作用。而对于其在BMSCs向成骨细胞的分化过程中的所起到的作用还鲜有研究,对其作用机理尚不明确。因此我们希望通过分离、培养并鉴定比较DDR2基因缺失小鼠与野生型小鼠来源的骨髓间充质干细胞了解其生物学特性,为后续的实验奠定理论基础。方法:采用改良型的全骨髓贴壁细胞分离方法分离培养两种小鼠来源的骨髓间充质干细胞,采用流式细胞技术鉴定其表面标记物的表达,并利用诱导培养液诱导骨髓间充质干细胞向成骨细胞和成脂肪细胞分化。结果:分离培养的两种骨髓间充质干细胞形态一致,增殖能力和自我更新能力强,流式细胞术检测其表面标记物CD29,Sca-1均表达阳性,CD105,CD45表达为阴性,分离得到的两种细胞均有向成骨细胞和成脂肪细胞分化的能力,但可以明显观察到DDR2基因缺失小鼠的骨髓间充质干细胞的成骨分化能力减弱。结论:本实验通过对于DDR2基因缺失小鼠BMSCs分离、培养和鉴定,初步探索DDR2基因缺失在在成骨过程中的作用结果,为进一步研究提高BMSCs的成骨分化能力奠定理论基础。经实验证明,DDR2基因缺失小鼠来源的骨髓间充质干细胞虽然仍具备干细胞的生物学特性,但其向成骨细胞的分化能力明显减弱,说明DDR2基因缺失对其骨髓间充质干细胞的成骨分化等有着重要的影响。     

再生障碍性贫血患者骨髓间充质干细胞生物学特性的初步研究

目的:研究再生障碍性贫血(aplasticanemia,从)患者骨髓间充质干细胞(mesenchymalstemcells,MSCs)的生物学特性和初步探讨其异常和AA发生的可能关系。方法:取AA患者骨髓间充质干细胞,测定其生长曲线和倍增时间;流式细胞仪检测其细胞周期和免疫表型;体外定向诱导其向脂肪、成骨、内皮和神经细胞分化;用real-timePCR及油红O染色法比较AA和正常对照组MSCs的成脂分化的不同。结果:AA患者和正常成人的MSCs均呈梭形贴壁生长;AA组细胞倍增时间长于对照组;CD105、CD44、CD29、CD106、FlK-1均阳性;96．51％的细胞处在G0／G1期;AA患者的MSCs保持了多向分化潜能,体外诱导形成脂滴较对照组早,诱导早期的脂蛋白脂酶表达增高。结论:再生障碍性贫血患者的骨髓间充质干细胞增殖能力较正常成人弱,骨髓间充质干细胞的易成脂性可能参与了再障的发病环节。     

Human mesenchymal progenitor cells derived from alveolar bone and human bone marrow stromal cells: a comparative study

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential of intraoral harvested alveolar bone as an alternative source of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells for future applications in oral and maxillofacial tissue engineering. Explant cultures were established from 20 alveolar bone samples harvested from the oblique line immediately before wisdom tooth removal. Morphology and proliferation characteristics of the in vitro expanded cells, referred to as human alveolar bone-derived cells (hABDCs), were studied using phase-contrast microscopy. Immunocytochemical analysis of their surface marker expression was conducted using monoclonal antibodies defining mesenchymal stromal cells. To evaluate their multilineage differentiation potential, hABDCs were induced to differentiate along the osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic lineage and compared to bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (hBMSCs) on mRNA and protein levels applying RT-PCR and cytochemical staining methods. hABDCs showed typical morphological characteristics comparable to those of hBMSCs such as being mononuclear, fibroblast-like, spindle-shaped, and plastic adherent. Immunophenotypically, cells were positive for CD105, CD90, and CD73 while negative for CD45, CD34, CD14, CD79α, and HLA-DR surface molecules, indicating an antigen expression pattern considered typical for multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. As evidenced by RT-PCR and cytochemistry, hABDCs showed multilineage differentiation and similar chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation potentials when compared to hBMSCs. Our findings demonstrate that human alveolar bone contains mesenchymal progenitor cells that can be isolated and expanded in vitro and are capable of trilineage differentiation, providing a reservoir of multipotent mesenchymal cells from an easily accessible tissue source.     

SD大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞体外原代培养及鉴定

目的：探讨骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSCs）体外分离培养以及扩增的方法并鉴定。方法：取100g左右雄性SD大鼠后肢股骨、胫骨骨髓,原代全骨髓培养法,多次传代纯化,体外扩增后,观察细胞形态,并免疫组化及流式细胞仪检测cd34、cd90、cd105细胞因子,鉴定是否为BMSCs。结果：所获取的细胞呈长梭形,呈现特征性的漩涡状生长,CD34阴性,CD90、CD105阳性。结论：利用全骨髓培养法成功分离骨髓间充质干细胞,10代以内的细胞纯度高,活性好。全骨髓培养较为简便、易行。     

猫骨髓间充质干细胞的体外分离培养、纯化、鉴定

目的:分离、培养、纯化家猫的骨髓间充质干细胞,并对获得细胞的表面标志物进行鉴定,为进一步利用骨髓间充质干细胞的细胞移植实验奠定基础。方法:采用全骨髓贴壁法体外分离、培养、纯化家猫骨髓间充质干细胞,通过多次更换培养液获得较纯化的骨髓间充质干细胞,倒置相差显微镜下对细胞形态进行观察;根据第1、3、5、7、9代细胞的镜下增殖情况绘制出生长曲线;通过流式细胞仪检测细胞表面标志抗原CD34、CD44和CD90的表达率。结果:在倒置相差显微镜下观察,分离培养的骨髓间充质干细胞贴壁呈梭形或纺锤形;原代细胞生长丛集成片,5~7 d达到融合,进行传代;培养到第三代以后,细胞出现相对均匀的梭形扁平外观,迅速增殖的细胞呈涡流样排列;第3、5代骨髓间充质干细胞增殖能力强于第7、9代;采用流式细胞仪分析结果显示细胞的CD34、CD44和CD90阳性率分别为17.5%、97.9%和91%,这与骨髓间充质干细胞表面抗原的表达一致。结论:分离培养的细胞具有骨髓间充质干细胞特性,成分相对单一,第3、5代细胞纯度高,增殖能力强,适用于进一步的实验研究。     

Identification and analysis of in vitro cultured CD45-positive cells capable of multi-lineage differentiation

We report on a subset of cells that co-purify with CD45-positive/Lineage minus (CD45(pos)/Lin(minus)) hematopoietic cells that are capable of in vitro differentiation into multi-potential cells including cells with neuroectoderm properties. Although these cells are CD45 positive and have properties similar to CD45-negative mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPC) derived from bone marrow (BM), they are neither hematopoietic cells nor mesenchymal cells. These CD45(pos)/Lin(minus) cells can be expanded in vitro, express the stem cell genes Oct-4 and Nanog and can be induced to differentiate into endothelial cells, osteoblasts, muscle cells and neural cells at frequencies similar to those reported for bone marrow mesenchymal cells. Long-term culture of these cells followed by transplantation into NOD/SCID mice resulted in positive bone marrow stromal cell engraftment but not hematopoietic engraftment, suggesting that despite their CD45-positive status these cells do not have the same properties as hematopoietic stem cells. Clonal cell analysis determined that the culture period caused a broadening in the differentiation potential of the starting population.     

Characteristics of human mesenchymal stem cells isolated from bone marrow and adipose tissue

Populations of human mesenchymal stem cells were derived from bone marrow and adipose tissue. Here analysis of six individuals is represented. Cells were isolated, expanded and evaluated by the expression of surface antigens using flow cytometry. These cells displayed similar characteristics for many markers. Cells isolated from bone marrow and adipose tissue were found to be homogeneously positive for CD13, CD44, CD90, CD105, and negative for CD45, CD34, CD31 and CD117. Besides, differences in surface antigene CD10 expression between narrow and adipose tissue-derived cells were detected. All these findings indicate that both bone marrow and adipose tissue are important sources of mesenchymal stem cells, which could be used in cell therapy protocols.     

Comparative study of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells at different stages of ontogeny

The aim of this study was to analyze the changes that occur in the population of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) during the individual development of an organism. For this purpose, the basic characteristics of MSCs (the content of clonogenic cells, immunophenotype, and potencies to differentiate in vitro and in vivo) in the prenatal, early postnatal, and late postnatal ontogeny of the rat were compared. It is shown that the cloning efficiency of bone marrow MSCs in 10-day-old and adult rats is comparable and hundreds of times smaller than that of bone cells of 20-day-old fetuses with a bone marrow rudiment. The activity of alkaline phosphatase, a marker of osteogenic cells, was found in the majority of colonies formed by MSCs of postnatal bone marrow but not by the fetal bone. By the CD90 expression and potencies for in vitro adipogenesis, the stromal cells from the fetal bone and bone marrow of 9- to 10-day-old rats were comparable with those of the mature bone marrow MSCs but differed from them by the small number of CD73-bearing cells and a weaker ability to osteogenesis in an inductive environment. The analysis of the fate of MSCs from the studied sources after their transplantation to adult rats showed that their ectopic transplantation as part of tissue fragments into the kidney results in the formation of bone tissues and hematopoietic stroma. In diffusion chambers with MSCs that were precultured in vitro, transplantation into the peritoneal cavity led to osteogenesis and chondrogenesis. However, no significant differences in the potencies of bone marrow MSCs for differentiation in vivo depending on the developmental stage have been found. Thus, during ontogeny, bone marrow MSCs enhance the expression of CD73 and the ability to osteogenesis in vitro, whereas the expression of CD90 and the potencies for adipogenesis in induction medium and differentiation in different directions in vivo do not change significantly.     

体外化学诱导人骨髓间充质干细胞分化为心肌样细胞

To investigate the potential of adult mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) derived from human bone marrow to undergo cardiomyogenic differentiation after exposure of 5-azacytidine in vitro. A small bone marrow aspirate was taken from the iliac crest of human volunteers, and hMSCs were isolated by 1.073 g/mL Percoll and cultured in the right cell culturing medium as previously described. The phonotypes of hMSCs were identified by flow cytometry. The stem cells were cultured in cell culture medium (as control) and medium mixed with 5-azacytidine (5-aza, 3, 5, 10 micromol/L) (n=5, respectively) for cellular differentiation. We examined respectively with immunohischemistry at 21 days of inducement on desmin, cardiac-specific cardiac troponin I (cTnI), GATA4 & connexin43. The ultrastructures of induced cells were examined by transmission electron microscope. The results indicated that the hMSCs showed a fibroblast-like morphology with vortex distribution in their peak propagation, and express high level of CD44 but negative for CD34 and CD45. 20%-30% cells grown after 5, 10 microl/L 5-aza treatment connected with adjoining cells and coalesced into myotube structures after 14 days. After 21 days of culturing, immunohistochemistry revealed expression of desmin, GATA4, cTnI and connexin43 in 5, 10 micromol/L showed positive, but no cardiac specific protein were found in neither 3 micromol/L nor in control group. The ratio of cTnI positive stained cells in 10 micromol/L group were higher than that in 5 micromol/L group (65.3+/-4.7% vs 48.2+/-5.4%, p<0.05). Electron microscopy revealed myofilaments were formed. The results indicated that purified hMSCs from adult bone marrow can be differentiated into cardiac-like muscle cells with 5-aza inducement in vitro and the differentiation is in line with the 5-aza concentration.     

间充质干细胞体外调控骨髓造血前体细胞向单核系分化

研究间充质干细胞(MSC)能否在体外调控造血。体外分离培养人骨髓来源的MSC,RT-PCR检测其造血生长因子的表达,并以其为饲养层细胞,接种骨髓单个核细胞(MNC),观察生长情况,并通过形态学观察和流式细胞术分析,鉴定细胞来源和分化方向。结果显示,MSC构成性表达SCF、Flt3L和M-CSF,不表达C-CSF和GM-CSF,在骨髓MNC和MSC共培养体系中,大约2周左右可以看到大量的圆形细胞粘附在梭型MSC上生长,细胞胞体为圆形,胞浆较丰富,胞核为圆形、半月型或肾型,部分细胞呈典型的单核细胞形态,流式细胞术分析该类细胞表达CDl4,不表达CDl5、CD41、glycophorin A、CD5和CDl9。表明不需要添加外源性造血生长因子,间充质干细胞能在体外调控骨髓造血前体细胞向单核系分化,其定向分化可能与MSC分泌造血生长因子及MSC与造血细胞间相互作用有关。