微生物学研究型设计性实验教学改革与实践

生命科学及生物产业的迅速发展对高校学生实践能力和创新能力的培养提出了更高要求。为了提高生物技术和生物工程专业学生的实践能力和科研创新能力,我们在微生物学实验教学中开展了研究型设计性实验教学改革,并针对研究型设计性实验项目的内容特点及其在教学过程中存在的常见问题,总结出一套较为完善的教学设计方式和过程管理模式。为期12年的实践表明,开展研究型设计性实验教学对于促进学生的专业学习,提高其实践能力及科研创新能力作用显著。研究型设计性实验教学是具有推广意义的教学新模式。     

通过实验教学内容与形式的改革,培养学生的科研创新意识与能力

微生物学实验是面向生命科学院的全体本科生所开的一门专业基础实验课,在培养生物领域人才方面具有重要的作用,但随着新技术和新方法的诞生,其中有些实验内容已明显落后。不利于学生综合实验能力的培养以及科研创新意识与能力的提高。针对明显落后的几个实验进行改革和删减,并改进教学形式,取得了很好的教学效果,进一步培养和提高了学生的科研创新意识和创新能力。     

科研技术的飞速发展

目前,华大拥有近千名具有不同专业背景的生物信息领域专业人才和强大的数据处理、分析存储能力。开发出了一系列具有国际影响力的软件、数据库和服务平台,培养了大量的生物信息以及相关实验技术专业人才。在基因组研究的各个层面都具有强大的科研能力和丰富的科研经验,建立了一整套针对第二     

口腔微生物学实验教学体系初探

目的实验教学在培养复合型和创新型人才中具有不可替代的重要作用,为了提高口腔医学教育质量,培养适应新世纪要求的高素质创新型的医学人才,增设口腔微生物学实验课。方法根据口腔医学特色设计实验,培养学生的基础、专业、综合、创新能力。教学内容包括：牙菌斑的采集和处理、致龋菌的分离和培养、致龋菌的鉴定。教学方式采用学生两两配对模式。分析2011年度教学的实验结果。结果实验课程有利于培养学生专业能力和科研能力,加深对疾病发生机制的理解;35．7％的学生具有较好的综合能力和创新能力,30．4％的学生表现出专业能力不足,33．9％学生需要提高基础和专业能力。结论口腔微生物学实验教学体系对完善教学、促进改革具有重要意义。     

应用型本科高校围绕解决生物工程专业复杂工程问题能力培养的课程体系思考与构建

准确把握专业复杂工程问题的特征与内涵是设置专业毕业要求、构建课程体系、设计教学内容的重要前提。文中通过讨论生物产业的复杂工程问题特征,挖掘长三角地区生物产业对于本科层次人才的需求,总结岗位典型任务和要求,阐述了典型任务中包含的复杂工程问题的内涵。在此基础上构建了多阶段培养解决生物工程专业复杂工程问题能力的课程体系。该课程体系结合产教深度融合的医药生物技术学院、教师科研反哺教学项目建设、课程团队与一流课程建设、覆盖全员的学生专业社团建设等多种措施,更好地支撑了解决复杂工程问题能力的培养。     

化学学科背景下细胞生物学课程教学的改革和实践

细胞生物学在大学生物相关专业的课程设置中占有重要地位,为提高化学优势学科背景下细胞生物学的教学质量,研究从学生知识掌握能力、知识融合能力和创新能力等三个方面进行相关教学的改革与实践。围绕教学内容和教学课件的优化,学生课外调研和科研写作的开展,学生创新热情的产生,学生动手解决问题及发现新问题的精神面貌转变等方面,阐述教改的主要内容。     

医学微生物学实验教学改革的探索与实践

以麻醉学专业学生为研究对象,进行了传统实验教学与新实验教学模式的对比研究。新实验教学模式围绕如何在实验教学中培养学生的创新能力,从实验教学计划、教学内容、教学方法和手段、实验考核方法进行了改革和探索,增设了综合性与探索设计性实验,研制了实验多媒体课件。结果显示新实验教学模式有利于培养学生的动手能力、科研思维、创新能力以及综合分析能力,教学效果优于传统实验教学。创建了适合于培养麻醉学专业的医学微生物学实验教学体系。     

参与式教学在“生物分离工程”课程中的探索

生物分离工程是高等学校生物工程专业的基础课程,与生产实践密切相关。教学过程中采用参与式教学方法能够培养学生工程设计的创造性思维,并且提高学生的工程化能力。本研究从科研融入教学、开展课堂讨论、运用多媒体手段、开设工厂课堂等4个方面介绍课堂教学中有效引入参与式教学的途径及其在生物分离工程教学实践中的具体应用,旨在提高相关工程类课程教学质量,为从事此类教学实践的一线专业教师提供高效引领课堂的理论参考。     

21世纪高等生物教育

建立完善的生物教育体系,高等院校在专业设置、科研和教育教学时必须考虑到三个层面:应用型教育、普及型教育和基础型教育.     

生物工艺学课程教学改革的探索与实践

介绍内蒙古工业大学生物工程专业在生物工艺学课程教学改革中引入"课程设计"和"半自助式教学模式",以激发学生的学习兴趣,培养学生的学习能力与团队合作精神;在实践教学中实施"专业实验"和"专业综合实训",以强化学生动手操作能力和工程实践能力。经过几年的教学实践,生物工艺学教学得到不断改进和完善,并收到了良好的效果。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.