常见湿生植物对镉、铅污染水环境的修复效果研究

采用水培法,采用不同浓度镉(Cd)和铅(Pb)的4种处理对6种常见湿生植物:豆瓣菜(Nasturtium of?ficinale R. Br.)、水萝卜(Raphanus sativus L.)、沼生蔊菜(Rorippa islandica(Oed.)Borb.)、白芥(Sinapis alba L.)、水芹(Oenanthe javanica(Blume)DC.)和蕹菜(Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.)幼苗的生长、重金属积累与转运、抗氧化酶活性及根细胞死亡的影响进行研究。结果显示,在Cd、Pb单一及复合胁迫下,豆瓣菜、水芹的根长、根重、植株干重均显著低于对照;而经单一Pb处理的水萝卜、白芥的根长、植株干重高于对照。单一Cd处理组中,6种植物富集系数大小依次为:豆瓣菜沼生蔊菜水芹水萝卜蕹菜白芥。Pb单一胁迫后,豆瓣菜对Pb的富集系数最小,仅为0013。水萝卜幼苗在Cd和Pb复合胁迫下生长状况与对照相比无显著差异,且Cd、Pb转运系数增大,抗氧化酶活性较高,根细胞死亡较少,表明该物种是具有较好修复潜力的植物。     

藿香蓟的镉积累、生物量及叶绿素荧光参数对不同梯度镉胁迫的响应

通过盆栽试验,研究藿香蓟(Ageratum conyzoides)的地上部和地下部Cd含量、干重、转运系数、根冠比及叶片叶绿素荧光参数对不同梯度Cd胁迫的响应。结果表明:随Cd胁迫浓度增加,藿香蓟转运系数逐渐降低,地上部和地下部Cd含量随Cd胁迫浓度的增加而逐渐升高,在Cd(300 mg·kg-1)胁迫下,植株地上部Cd含量为125.50 mg·kg-1,这一结果已超过Cd超富集植物的临界值(100 mg·kg-1);植株地上部及地下部干重随Cd胁迫浓度的增加均逐渐降低,且中、高浓度Cd胁迫对植物的生长具有显著的抑制作用,各处理间的根冠比呈上升趋势并比对照高,可见高浓度Cd胁迫可阻碍根系的生长,从而影响植物地上部对营养和水分的吸收,最终抑制植株生长及生物产量的提高;PSⅡ的最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ的潜在光化学效率(Fv/Fo)随着Cd胁迫浓度的增加均逐渐升高,初始荧光(Fo)和最大荧光(Fm)均逐渐降低,光量子产量(ФPSⅡ)、电子传递效率(ETR)、光化学猝灭系数(q P)及非光化学猝灭系数(q N)均出现先升后降的趋势;Cd胁迫扰乱叶片正常时期的光合特性及延缓植株衰老,但各处理间的叶绿素荧光动力学参数差异不显著,Cd胁迫对叶片PSⅡ反应中心的电子传递、光化学反应及散热能力影响较弱;高浓度Cd胁迫明显抑制植株的生长,但植株地上部及地下部的Cd积累能力较强,可作为植物修复重金属污染土壤的备选植物并用来治理Cd污染的土壤。     

重金属胁迫条件下空心莲子草的生长和营养特征分析

空心莲子草是一种常见的水生植物,并能在重金属污染的水体或附近土壤中生长.本研究发现,空心莲子草能富集6种常见的重金属元素,其富集能力为:Zn2+>Mn2+>Pb2+>Cu2+>Cd2+>Cr3+.高浓度(1 mmol/L) Cu2+、Mn2+、Zn2+和Cr3+ 等重金属胁迫处理条件下,空心莲子草的根冠比增加,生物干重、总根长和总根表面积都相应降低.此外,高浓度(1 mmol/L) Pb2+、Cd2+、Cu2+或Zn2+分别胁迫处理条件下,空心莲子草的K+、Ca+和Mg+等元素的含量变化差异显著(P＜0.05).以上研究表明,空心莲子草通过改变体内钾钙镁等重要生长元素营养情况来适应重金属污染的胁迫,有很强的富集重金属元素的能力,进而降低污染、净化水体.空心莲子草对重金属污染的生长响应及体内重要矿物元素营养特性之间的相互关系,可能为重金属污染的水土生物修复提供理论依据.     

铅与盐胁迫对喜盐鸢尾生长及生理抗性的影响

采用液体培养研究Pb、NaCl单因子及复合胁迫对喜盐鸢尾(Iris halophilaPall.)的生长和生理变化的影响以及Pb在鸢尾植株不同部位的积累.结果显示,培养8 d后,随着Pb NaCl复合浓度的增加,喜盐鸢尾地上部和地下部干重下降;当Pb处理浓度提高,喜盐鸢尾地上部和地下部Pb含量显著增加,在5 mmol?L-1Pb 50mmol?L-1NaCl胁迫下,地上部Pb含量达到1 534μg?g-1,达到超富集植物的标准,但植株干重下降不显著;NaCl对Pb的吸收有一定促进作用.Pb、NaCl单因子或复合胁迫均增加了对喜盐鸢尾幼苗的伤害,在100 mmol?L-1NaCl及Pb和NaCl复合胁迫下,MDA含量和Pro含量显著增加,在10 mmol?L-1Pb、100 mmol?L-1NaCl及Pb和NaCl复合胁迫下SOD活性显著提高.结果表明,喜盐鸢尾具有一定的耐Pb和NaCl胁迫的能力,并对Pb具有潜在的超富集能力,是一种可用于修复Pb污染环境的Pb潜在超富集植物.     

钠盐胁迫对藜科一年生草本植物生长和生物量分配的影响

选取河西走廊荒漠绿洲过渡带典型藜科一年生草本植物雾冰藜、刺沙蓬和白茎盐生草为研究对象,分析不同浓度盐分（NaCl和NaHCO₃,0、50、100、150、200 mmol/L）对3种藜科植物生长、繁殖和生物量分配的影响。研究结果表明：（1）钠盐胁迫下,3种藜科植物的存活率随盐浓度的增加呈下降趋势,雾冰藜和刺沙蓬在200 mmol/L NaCl和200 mmol/L NaHCO₃胁迫下无法存活或存活率极低,白茎盐生草在200 mmol/L NaHCO₃胁迫下无法存活;（2）钠盐胁迫显著抑制了刺沙蓬的生长和生物量积累,而一定浓度的盐分（50、100 mmol/L）可以促进雾冰藜和白茎盐生草的生长,较高浓度的盐分则抑制其生长;（3）3种植物的根冠比在钠盐胁迫下呈下降趋势,地上部生物量分配随盐浓度增加呈上升趋势,其中低盐胁迫下（50、100 mmol/L）繁殖分配比例增加明显,中高度盐胁迫下（150、200 mmol/L）茎、叶生物量分配比例增加显著,但根系生物量分配随盐分浓度增加而下降,这说明盐分胁迫下增加生物量在地上部的分配是藜科一年生草本植物应对盐胁迫的方式之一;（4） NaHCO₃的胁迫作用大于NaCl,3种植物中,白茎盐生草的耐盐性最强,而雾冰藜和刺沙蓬的耐盐能力较差。     

真盐生植物盐角草对不同氮形态的响应

盐角草(Salicornia europaea L.)是一种喜盐植物,其最佳生长的实现需要200—400 mmol/L NaCl。为了解盐渍环境下盐角草氮素吸收利用特点,在水培添加200或400 mmol/L NaCl情况下,从生长指标,光合参数,根系体积和活力,硝酸还原酶与谷氨酰胺合成酶活力,蛋白、总氮、硝态氮及铵态氮含量等方面检测了硝态氮、铵态氮和尿素3种氮形态对盐角草生长的影响。研究发现以氮摩尔浓度(mmol/L)计,在0.1—400 mmol/L浓度范围进行测试,盐角草在0.1 mmol/L低氮条件下仍能维持生长,同时,抑制盐角草生长的氮浓度域值较高,其中铵态氮、尿素和硝态氮分别为50、50及400 mmol/L。研究结果表明盐角草吸收利用氮素的能力强,对氮素的浓度耐受范围宽,3种氮形态都可作为氮源满足其生长需要,但有效促进生长的效果存在差异,总体顺序从高到低依次为硝态氮、铵态氮和尿素。研究为揭示盐生植物氮吸收利用特点提供了基础数据,对提高盐生植物生产力,指导沿海滩涂生态建设具有一定的指导意义。     

8种盐生植物种子萌发特征与NaCl盐度的关系

耐盐植物的选育是盐渍土地生物改良的关键。通过对13个NaCl盐度梯度下，真盐生植物囊果碱蓬、盐地碱蓬、高碱蓬、盐角草、盐爪爪，泌盐植物大叶补血草、耳叶补血草、黄花补血草8种盐生植物的萌发试验，测定其种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和相对盐害率等指标，研究不同NaCl盐度胁迫对其萌发特性的影响。结果表明：低盐度（50 mmol/L）能促进8种盐生植物的萌发；随着盐度的上升，盐角草、盐地碱蓬、囊果碱蓬、高碱蓬表现出较强的萌发耐盐性，发芽势和发芽指数优于其他植物；盐角草的萌发耐盐性最佳，在1000 mmol/L盐度下萌发率仍能达到54.0%。进一步通过S型生长曲线和线性模型分析得出，8种植物为对抗逆境大致分为"快速型"和"缓慢型"两种萌发策略；随盐度的升高，初始萌发时间和萌发高峰时间均不同程度的向后推迟。盐度≤200 mmol/L时，囊果碱蓬的萌发占据优势，其萌发速率大于其他植物，且差异显著；中盐度400 mmol/L左右时，盐地碱蓬和盐角草萌发最快，二者无显著差异；盐度≥600 mmol/L时，盐角草萌发速率较快，相比其他植物差异显著。泌盐植物的萌发耐盐适宜浓度和耐盐极限浓度均低于真盐生植物。8种植物均有作为氯化物为主盐渍土地区生物改良材料的潜力。     

镉胁迫对紫花苜蓿幼苗生理特性和镉富集的影响

以"甘农三号"紫花苜蓿幼苗为材料,在水培条件下,探究了在10 d内不同浓度(0～2.0 mmol·L^-1)镉(Cd)胁迫对其根长、茎长、生物量、叶绿素和丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性、Cd富集及其亚细胞分布的影响。结果表明:低浓度(0.125 mmol·L^-1) Cd能促进幼苗根和茎的生长,增加叶片叶绿素含量,较高浓度(0.5～2.0 mmol·L^-1) Cd显著抑制幼苗根和茎的生长,叶绿素及生物量显著降低; Cd胁迫使MDA含量显著增加,而SOD和POD活性显著增强,其中Cd胁迫浓度为0.5mmol·L^-1时,SOD和POD活性达到最大值,这可能是植物对环境胁迫的一种应激保护反应; Cd在各亚细胞组分中的含量依次为细胞壁>细胞质>线粒体>叶绿体,且均随Cd胁迫浓度的升高而增加。当Cd胁迫浓度为0.125 mmol·L^-1时,水培10 d的紫花苜蓿幼苗单株地上部对Cd的净化率最高可达0.214%,而整盆植株在单位体积内对Cd的净化率最高可达15.5%;当Cd胁迫浓度为2.0 mmol·L^-1时,紫花苜蓿幼苗地上部Cd含量达89.36μg·g-1。这些结果表明紫花苜蓿对Cd具有很强的富集能力,虽未达到Cd超富集植物的临界标准,但从植株生物量、耐Cd能力、富集Cd量及对Cd的净化率等方面综合考虑,紫花苜蓿在Cd污染土壤的植物修复中具备良好的应用价值。     

Pb和Cd单一及复合胁迫条件下溪荪(Iris sanguinea)生长及金属离子积累特征分析

采用水培法,对Pb和Cd单一及复合胁迫(500 mg·L-1Pb、25 mg·L-1 Cd、500 mg·L-1pb-25 mg·L-1Cd)条件下溪荪(Iris sanguinea Donn ex Horn.)幼苗不同部分的生长及Pb、Cd、Zn、Cu、K和Na积累状况进行了研究.结果显示:在Pb单一胁迫条件下,溪荪幼苗地下部分干质量较对照降低了18.2％,地上部分干质量和耐性指数均与对照无显著差异;在Cd单一胁迫条件下,地下部分与地上部分的干质量较对照分别降低了16.4％和14.1％,耐性指数降低了7％;在Pb-Cd复合胁迫条件下,溪荪幼苗不同部分的干质量以及耐性指数均与对照无显著差异.在Pb单一及Pb-Cd复合胁迫条件下,幼苗不同部分的Pb含量均明显高于对照,Pb单一胁迫处理组幼苗地上部分和地下部分的Pb含量分别比Pb-Cd复合胁迫处理组高19.8％和16.0％.在Cd单一及Pb-Cd复合胁迫条件下,幼苗不同部分的Cd含量均明显高于对照,Pb-Cd复合胁迫处理组幼苗地上部分和地下部分的Cd含量分别为Cd单一胁迫处理组的2.02和5.74倍.经Pb和Cd单一及复合胁迫后,幼苗不同部分的Zn、Cu和Na含量均明显高于对照,而K含量则低于对照;地上部分的Zn、K和Na含量均高于地下部分,但Cu含量在幼苗不同部分的变化趋势则有所不同.比较结果表明:Pb-Cd复合胁迫对溪荪幼苗的Pb积累有促进作用、对Cd积累有抑制作用,表现出拮抗作用;溪荪对Pb胁迫的耐性相对更强,对Pb和Cd及其他金属元素有一定的积累能力,可用于Pb污染环境尤其是湿地Pb污染环境的修复.     

鄱阳湖-乐安河段湿地耐Cu、Zn、Pb植物促生菌的分离、筛选及鉴定

【背景】植物促生菌因其对植物生长促进及增强抗逆性等优点在植物-微生物联合修复重金属污染土壤中具有良好应用潜力。在污染土壤中,土著植物促生菌能够更好地定殖并保证促植物生长能力的发挥。【目的】从常年受上游多种重金属污染的鄱阳湖-乐安河段湿地分离出一批具有多种重金属抗性的优势土著植物促生菌,以期为植物-微生物联合修复重金属污染湿地提供一批优质的菌种资源。【方法】从乐安河流域戴村受重金属污染的湿地土壤及水体中分离具有Cu、Zn、Pb抗性菌株,测定菌株的促植物生长特性[产IAA(Indole acetic acid)、溶磷、产铁载体及ACC(1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid)脱氨酶活性],挑选促生特性较好的菌株进行16S r RNA基因序列分析鉴定,并测定菌株对其他胁迫条件(抗生素、酸碱、盐)的耐受能力。【结果】分离得到22株能够同时耐受Cu 50 mg/L、Zn 400 mg/L、Pb 800 mg/L的菌株,其中10株表现出较好的促植物生长特性,对其进行16S r RNA基因序列分析鉴定,有4株属于Ralstonia sp.,3株属于Burkholderia sp.,另3株则分别属于Cupriavidus sp.、Stenotrophomonas sp.和Novosphingobium sp.。基于这10株菌抗性特征的聚类分析及主成分分析,结果与系统发育树分析结果高度一致。【结论】耐受多种重金属的土著植物促生菌的分离鉴定为重金属污染土壤的植物-微生物联合原位修复提供良好的微生物资源。     

Physiological analyses indicate superoxide dismutase,catalase, and phytochelatins play important roles in Pb tolerance in Eremochloa ophiuroides

Phytoremediation is considered to be a promising approach to restore or stabilize soil contaminated by lead (Pb). Turfgrasses, due to their high biomass yields, are considered to be suitable for use in phytoextraction of soil contaminated with heavy metal. It has been demonstrated that centipedegrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro) Hack., Poaceae) is a good turfgrass for restore of soil contaminated by Pb. However, the enhanced tolerant mechanisms in metallicolous (M) centipedegrass accessions remain unknown. In this study, we made a comparative study of growth performance, Pb accumulation, antioxidant levels, and phytochelatin concentrations in roots and shoots from M and nonmetallicolous (NM) centipedegrass accessions. Results showed that turf quality and growth rate were less repressed in M accessions than in NM accession. Pb stress caused generation of reactive oxygen species in centipedegrass with relatively lower levels in M accessions. Antioxidant activity analysis indicated that superoxide dismutase and catalase played important roles in Pb tolerance in M accessions. M accessions accumulated more Pb in roots and shoots. Greatly increased phytochelatins and less repressed sulfur contents in roots and shoots of M accessions indicated that they correlated with Pb accumulation and tolerance in centipedegrass.     

EFFECTS OF INOCULATION WITH ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI ON MAIZE GROWN IN MULTI-METAL CONTAMINATED SOILS

Pot culture experiments were established to determine the effects of colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) (Glomus mosseae and G. sp) on maize (Zea mays L.) grown in Pb, Zn, and Cd complex contaminated soils. AMF and non-AMF inoculated maize were grown in sterilized substrates and subjected to different soil heavy metal (Pb, Zn, Cd) concentrations. The root and shoot biomasses of inoculated maize were significantly higher than those of non-inoculated maize. Pb, Zn, and Cd concentrations in roots were significantly higher than those in shoots in both the inoculated and non-inoculated maize, indicating the heavy metals mostly accumulated in the roots of maize. The translocation rates of Pb, Zn, and Cd from roots to shoots were not significantly difference between inoculated and non-inoculated maize. However, at high soil heavy metal concentrations, Pb, Zn, and Cd in the shoots and Pb in the roots of inoculated maize were significantly reduced by about 50% compared to the non-inoculated maize. These results indicated that AMF could promote maize growth and decrease the uptake of these heavy metals at higher soil concentrations, thus protecting their hosts from the toxicity of heavy metals in Pb, Zn, and Cd complex contaminated soils.     

Effects of Auxin at Different Concentrations on the Growth,Root Morphology and Cadmium Uptake of Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.)

Indoleacetic acid (IAA) is an important regulator that plays a crucial role in plant growth and responses to abiotic stresses. In the present study, a sand cultivation experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of IAA at different concentrations (0, 0.01, 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 2.5 mmol/L) on maize growth, root morphology, mineral elements (Ca, Mg) and Cd uptake under 20 mg/kg Cd stress. The results showed that 0.01 mmol/L is the optimal IAA concentration for enhancing the Cd tolerance of maize. Compared with the control treatment, 0.01 mmol/L IAA promoted maize growth, with significant increases in the height, shoot and root biomass by 34.6%, 25.0% and 16.3%; altered the root morphology, with increases in root length, root tip number, and root tip density by 8.9%, 31.4% and 20.7%, respectively; and enhanced the mineral element uptake of maize, resulting in signifi- cant increases in the Ca content in shoots and roots by 640.6% and 1036.4% and in the Mg content in shoots by 205.8%, respectively. In addition, 0.01 mmol/L IAA decreased the Cd content and uptake in the shoots by 51.9% and 39.6%, respectively. Furthermore, the Cd content and uptake exhibited a significant negative correlation with Ca content in roots and a significantly positive correlation with root morphology, and the Cd content in shoots was significantly and negatively correlated with root tip number. Thus, 0.01 mmol/L IAA was effective in enhancing the Cd tolerance and plant growth of maize.     

Effects of lead and cadmium on photosynthesis in Amaranthus spinosus and assessment of phytoremediation potential

Abstract

This study assessed the effects of Pb (0, 200, 500, 1000?mg kg^?1) and Cd (0, 5, 15, 30, 50?mg kg^?1) on photosynthesis in Amaranthus spinosus (A. spinosus), as well as the potential for phytoremediation by pot-culture experiment. Exposure to Pb/Cd produced a concentration-dependent decrease in biomass and all photosynthesis parameters, except for non-photochemical quenching, which increased with the metal concentration. The metals accumulated more in roots compared to shoots. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) of Pb was <1 in shoots at all Pb levels, whereas the BCF was <1 in roots at all but the lowest concentration of Pb. Roots extracted Cd from soil at all treatments. The translocation factor of Cd was larger than that of Pb suggesting that Cd is more mobile than Pb in A. spinosus. Amaranthus spinosus displays a high tolerance for both Pb and Cd with regards to growth and photochemical efficiency, but it is more sensitive to Cd than Pb. Amaranthus spinosus accumulates Pb and Cd primarily in the roots and Cd is more bioconcentrated and translocated in comparison to Pb. This investigation shows that A. spinosus has good potential for phytoremediation of soils contaminated by low levels of Cd and Pb.     

Lead induced changes in the growth and antioxidant metabolism of the lead accumulating and non-accumulating ecotypes of Sedum alfredii

The phytotoxicity and antioxidative adaptations of lead （Pb） accumulating ecotype （AE） and non-accumulating ecotype （NAE） of Sedum alfredii Hance were investigated under different Pb treatments involving 0, 0.02 mmol/L Pb, 0.1 mmol/L Pb and 0.1 mmol/L Pb/0.1 mmol/L ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid （EDTA） for 6days. With the increasing Pb level, the Pb concentration in the shoots of AE plants enhanced accordingly, and EDTA supply helped 51% of Pb translocation to shoots of AE compared with those treated with 0.1 mmol/L Pb alone. Moreover, the presence of EDTA alleviated Pb phytotoxicity through changes in plant biomass, root morphology and chlorophyll contents. Lead toxicity induced hydrogen peroxide （H2O2） accumulation and lipid peroxidation in both ecotypes of S. alfredii. The activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, guaiacol peroxidase （G-POD）, ascorbate peroxidase, and dehydroascorbate reductase elevated in both leaves and roots of AE as well as in leaves of NAE with the increasing Pb levels, but SOD and G-POD declined in roots of NAE. Enhancement in glutathione reductase activity was only detected in roots of NAE while a depression in catalase activity was recorded in the leaves of NAE. A significant enhancement in glutathione and ascorbic acid （AsA） levels occurred in both ecotypes exposed to Pb and Pb/EDTA treatment compared with the control, however, the differences between these two treatments were insignificant. The dehydroascorbate （DHA） contents in roots of both ecotypes were 1.41 to 11.22-fold higher than those in leaves, whereas the ratios of AsA to DHA （1.38 to 6.84） in leaves altering more to the reduced AsA form were much higher than those in roots. These results suggested that antioxidative enzymes and antioxidants play an important role in counteracting Pb stress in S. alfredii.     

Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculation on heavy metal accumulation of maize grown in a naturally contaminated soil

A pot culture experiment was carried out to study heavy metal (HM) phytoaccumulation from soil contaminated with Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd by maize (Zea mays L.) inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (AMF). Two AM fungal inocula--MI containing only one AM fungal strain (Glomus caledonium 90036) and MII consisting of Gigaspora margarita ZJ37, Gigaspora decipens ZJ38, Scutellospora gilmori ZJ39, Acaulospora spp., and Glomus spp.--were applied to the soil under unsterilized conditions. The control received no mycorrhizal inoculation. The maize plants were harvested after 10 wk of growth. MI-treated plants had higher mycorrhizal colonization than MII-treated plants. Both MI and MII increased P concentrations in roots, but not in shoots. Neither MI nor MII had significant effects on shoot or root dry weight (DW). Compared with the control, shoot Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd concentrations were decreased by MI but increased by MII. Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd uptake into shoots and roots all increased in MII-treated plants, while in MI-treated plants Cu, Zn, and Pb uptake into shoots and Cd uptake into roots decreased but Cu, Zn, and Pb uptake into roots and Cd into shoots increased. MII was more effective than MI in promoting HM extraction efficiencies. The results indicate that MII can benefit HMphytoextraction and, therefore, show potential in the phytoremediation of HM-contaminated soils.     

EGTA对Cd胁迫下蓖麻Cd积累和营养元素吸收的影响

以‘淄蓖麻5号’蓖麻品种为材料,通过盆栽试验研究了重度Cd土壤污染（100 mg·kg^-1）条件下,不同浓度（0、0.5、1.0、2.0 mmol·kg^-1）外源螯合剂——乙二醇双(2-氨基乙基醚)四乙酸(EGTA)对蓖麻植株生长、Cd积累和营养元素吸收的影响,探讨外源螯合剂调控Cd污染土壤上植物生长和修复效应。结果显示：（1）在Cd胁迫下,土壤中外源添加0.5~2.0 mmol·kg^-1EGTA使蓖麻根系鲜、干重比不添加EGTA对照不同程度降低,但植株总干重没有受到显著影响。（2）外源EGTA能有效促进Cd从蓖麻根部向地上部的转移,2.0 mmol·kg^-1的EGTA处理使蓖麻叶片Cd 含量显著增加了41.34倍;与不添加EGTA对照相比,外源EGTA处理蓖麻叶片中Cd积累量随添加EGTA的浓度增加而显著大幅度增加14.0~45.6倍,占相应植株总积累量的36.89%~58.63%,而茎中Cd积累量增加幅度较小,根中Cd积累量则显著降低。（3）Cd胁迫条件下,外源EGTA对蓖麻各器官矿质元素含量的影响不一,EGTA促进K向蓖麻地上部的转运,同时抑制Mg向植株地上部转运;随土壤添加的EGTA浓度提高,蓖麻植株对Ca吸收表现为低促高抑,叶片Zn含量和植株Cu含量逐渐增加,叶片和根系Fe含量及植株各器官Mn含量显著增加。与无Cd胁迫对照相比,EGTA在提高植株Cd积累的同时,降低了根系对K的吸收。研究表明,Cd胁迫显著抑制了蓖麻植株的生长,适宜浓度的外源EGTA对Cd的这种抑制有显著的缓解作用;外源EGTA改变了Cd在蓖麻根、茎、叶中的积累分布情况,提高了Cd从根系向地上部,尤其是向叶片的转移能力,从而强化了蓖麻对Cd污染土壤的修复效率;在采用EGTA强化植物修复Cd污染土壤时,应适量增施K肥以保证植株的正常生理代谢。     

不同生态型东南景天对土壤中Cd的生长反应及吸收积累的差异性

 采用盆栽方法研究了两种生态型东南景天(Sedum alfredii)对土壤中不同含量Cd(即对照, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400 mg&;#8226;kg^－1)的生 长反应、吸收和积累Cd的差异性。结果表明,土壤添加重金属Cd后,矿山生态型东南景天生长正常,地上部和根系Cd含量随着土壤中Cd含量的 增加而增加,在400 mg&;#8226;kg^－1 Cd处理下含量分别高达2 900和500 mg&;#8226;kg^－1,其地上部显著大于根部;然而,土壤添加Cd后,非矿山生态型东 南景天的生长受到抑制,地上部和根部的生物量显著降低。当土壤Cd含量为50～100 mg&;#8226;kg^－1 时,非矿山生态型东南景天的地上部和根系Cd含 量随着土壤中Cd含量的增加而增加,而且根系Cd含量则大于地上部。当土壤Cd≤50 mg&;#8226;kg^－1时,矿山生态型东南景天根系Cd含量比非矿山生态 型高 ,但当土壤Cd≥100 mg&;#8226;kg^－1,两者之间无显著差异;然而,但在同一Cd处理水平下,矿山生态型东南景天地上部Cd含量总是高于非矿山 生态型。这些结果表明,矿山生态型东南景天有很强的忍耐和吸收土壤Cd的能力,再次证明其为一种Cd超积累植物。     

Effects of cadmium and arsenic on growth and metal accumulation of Cd-hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum L

Remediation of heavy metal contaminated sites using hyperaccumulators presents a promising alternative to current environmental methodologies. In the pot-culture experiment, the effects of Cd, and Cd-As on the growth and its accumulation in the Cd-hyperaccumulator (Solanum nigrum L.) were determined. No reduction in plant height and shoot dry biomass was noted when the plants were grown at Cd concentration of 1.0. The plant can be classified as a Cd-hyperaccumulator. Growing in the presence of 10 mg/kg Cd and 50 mg/kg As, the plant height and shoot dry matter yields did not decrease significantly (p>0.05) compared to that at 10 mg/kg Cd, however the stem Cd content increased by 28%. It was also observed that S. nigrum used exclusion strategy to reduce As uptake in the roots and restricted translocation into the shoots, resulting in As contents of the plant being root>leaf>stem>seed. The Cd accumulation capacity coupled with its relatively high As tolerance ability could make it useful for phytoremediation of sites co-contaminated by Cd and As.