405份CIMMYT引进小麦种质的遗传多样性分析

为了明确国际玉米改良中心(CIMMYT)引进普通小麦种质材料的遗传多样性特点,为其利用提供参考依据,本研究从均匀分布于小麦基因组的420对SSR引物中选择出条带清晰、多态性较好的62对引物对引自CIMMYT的405份普通小麦种质系进行遗传多样性检测。结果表明,62对SSR引物在405份CIMMYT材料中共检测到198个等位变异,每对引物检测到等位变异的数目为2~8个,平均每对SSR引物能够检测到3.19个等位变异。单个SSR引物的PIC值介于0.03~0.79之间,平均值0.48。405份CIMMYT材料A、B、D基因组之间多态性位点数和等位变异数相差不大,PIC平均值B基因组(0.53)A基因组(0.52)D基因组(0.39)。聚类分析结果显示,62对SSR引物能够将405份CIMMYT材料区分开来,在0.1285遗传距离处将供试材料分为24个类群,类型较为丰富,不同类群的材料在农艺性状和品质性状上存在差异。     

基于SSR标记的贵州薏苡种质资源遗传多样性?分析

利用SSR标记研究了22份薏苡种质的遗传多样性,用11对扩增带型稳定的SSR引物从供试材料中检测出105个等位基因变异,每对引物检测等位基因4～20个,平均9.55个。SSR引物的PIC介于0.3048～0.9238,平均多态性信息量为0.8255。利用UPGMA聚类分系法将供试自交系划分为4类,该划分结果与根据地理来源、种质系谱的分类结果基本一致。SSR分子标记辅助的种质改良是薏苡品种改良的重要途径。     

中国温带糯玉米自交系遗传及品质性状分析

利用SSR标记研究了40份中国温带常用糯玉米自交系的遗传变异,用32对扩增带型稳定的引物,从供试材料中检测出152个等位基因变异,每对引物检测等位基因2～9个,平均4.75个,平均多态信息量0.632;遗传多样性和聚类分析把40份供试糯玉米自交系分为4个类群;对40份糯玉米自交系籽粒的蛋白质、可溶性糖、还原糖、淀粉和赖氨酸含量进行测定,结果表明,糯玉米籽粒营养成分中蛋白质与淀粉之间存在消长关系,可溶性糖与还原糖含量之间存在显著正相关,且随着蛋白质含量的增加,与营养品质密切有关的赖氨酸含量随之增加.     

利用SSR标记研究不同来源的同名玉米骨干自交系的遗传同一性和遗传差异

从分子水平上阐明不同单位保存的同一份种质资源的遗传同一性和遗传差异对种质资源的保存和利用有重要意义.本研究利用116对SSR引物对不同来源的5个玉米骨干自交系(黄早四、掖478、Mo17、丹340和自330,共39份材料)进行了鉴定,共检测到400个等位变异,每对引物可以检测到1～4个等位变异,平均为3.45个.5个自交系中每个自交系间检测的等位变异在156～228个,5个自交系同名材料之间遗传相似系数变化范围为0.7～0.9.聚类分析结果表明,在供试自交系中黄早四、掖478、Mo17等3个材料的同名自交系能很好地聚为一类,且遗传相似系数很高.丹340和自330的同名材料在聚类时个别材料互有交叉,在利用时需要注意.     

应用SSR标记分析鹰嘴豆种质资源遗传多样性

种质资源的遗传多样性是育种工作的基础,本研究利用SSR标记对鹰嘴豆资源进行遗传多样性分析,旨在发掘鹰嘴豆资源中丰富的遗传变异。从48对鹰嘴豆SSR引物中筛选出18对核心多态性引物,对96份不同来源的鹰嘴豆种质资源进行SSR标记的遗传多样性分析。结果表明,18对SSR引物共检测到115个等位变异,占总检测位点的52.99%,每对SSR引物可检测出3~10个等位变异,平均6.39个;平均每个位点多态信息量(PIC)为0.8107,变化范围为0.6661~0.8984。Shannon's信息指数平均为1.4769,变化范围为0.0607~1.9584。PGMA聚类结果表明,在遗传相似系数0.59处,可将96份鹰嘴豆资源分为6个类群,类群Ⅰ包含9份资源,类群Ⅱ包含2份资源,类群Ⅲ包含28份资源,类群Ⅳ包含4份资源,类群Ⅴ包含40份资源,类群Ⅵ包含13份资源。本研究对我国鹰嘴豆种质资源的评价与利用、优异基因的挖掘、育种亲本材料的选择等提供科学依据。     

甜高粱种质资源在新疆的多样性表现及聚类分析

采用多样性指数、变异系数和聚类分析等方法,对国内外72份甜高粱种质资源24个性状进行遗传多样性研究。结果表明,14个质量性状中粒色的遗传多样性指数最高为1.6333,幼苗色和结实形式的遗传多样性指数最低为0,平均为0.7460;10个数量性状中穗长、茎粗、锤度、单穗粒重、单株秆重、出汁率、千粒重、株高、穗重、生育期都存在较大的变异,变异系数幅度为7.85%～53.01%,各性状多样性指数均较大,平均2.0061;穗长的多样性指数最大,为2.1383,生育期多样性指数最小,为1.7331,表明新疆现有甜高粱资源拥有丰富的遗传多样性。聚类分析将72份资源划分为四大类。     

国内部分玉米地方品种的品质与农艺性状的表型多样性分析

以710份玉米地方品种为材料,采用随机区组设计,研究了其在脂肪、蛋白质与淀粉等品质性状以及株高、穗长等农艺性状上的表型多样性,分析了这些研究材料的表型多样性在地理来源上的分布.结果表明:(1)平均油分含量4.92%,达到高油3、2和1等级的材料各11、2和3份,地区间差异不显著;(2)平均蛋白质含量12.55%,96%的材料达到食用玉米1等级蛋白质舍量,地区间差异显著;(3)平均淀粉含量70.88%,所有材料均未达高淀粉玉米品种审定标准;(4)株高、穗位高和雄穗分枝数等3个植株性状的变异程度大,地区间差异显著,华南、西南和西北的植株高大,雄穗发达,而华北和东北的植株矮小,雄穗分枝数较少;(5)在3个果穗性状中,变异程度大小依次是穗长、穗行数和穗粗,地区间差异显著,筛选到长穗、粗穗和多穗行材料各5、1和3份;(6)不同地区和不同性状的多样性指数均有显著差异,以华南、华东和西南玉米材料的多样性水平较高.所有研究材料的表型多样性分析结果显示这些材料的脂肪与蛋白质含量较高,淀粉舍量较低;华南、华东和西南种质的多样性水平明显高于其他地区的种质.     

河北省大豆推广品种遗传多样性分析

利用主要农艺性状以及SSR和AFLP2种分子标记,对河北省41个大豆推广品种进行遗传多样性分析,以便为种质资源利用和创新提供依据。农艺性状聚类结果将41个材料划分为3个类群和2个特殊品种,聚类结果与材料系谱来源相差悬殊,不能反映材料间亲缘关系。SSR和AFLP数据聚类结果将41个材料划分为4个SAG（SSR and AFLP—basedgroups）分子类群。30对SSR引物共检测出135个等位变异,平均每个位点上有4．47个等位变异,SSR的遗传多样性指数（Simpson）分布范围为0．0928～0．7800,平均值为0、6442。10对AFLP引物共扩增出93个多态性标记,平均每对引物9．3个多态性标记。品种间的遗传相似系数（GS）变化范围为0．5877～0．9868,平均值变化范围为0．6732～0．7653,总体平均值为0.7237,遗传相似系数较高,说明材料间遗传变异较小。     

利用微卫星标记分析山西糜子的遗传多样性

山西是中国糜子主产区之一,有丰富的地方品种和农家种种质资源。利用微卫星标记分析糜子资源的遗传多样性,明确其遗传背景,便于加强糜子各品种之间的基因交流以及优异种质的筛选和利用,同时对种质资源的亲缘关系分析提供科学依据。利用27对SSR引物分析57份山西糜子的遗传差异,采用PowerMarker 3.25计算每对引物的多态性信息含量,采用PopGen1.32计算每对引物和两个生态区的观测等位基因等遗传参数。用MEGA5.0构建Neighbour-Joining聚类图,利用Structure 2.3.4鉴定遗传类群,采用Ntsys2.11进行主成分分析。结果显示27对SSR引物共检测出71个等位变异,平均每个位点扩增出2.6296个等位基因,各引物对的有效等位变异占观测等位变异的76.94%。各引物对的基因多样性指数为0.4140～1.0446,平均为0.7686;PIC为0.0601～0.7158,平均为0.5667。两生态区的观测杂合度等遗传参数相差不大。基于N-J遗传距离将57份材料分为3个类群,类群Ⅰ属于黄土高原春夏糜子区,类群Ⅱ、类群Ⅲ均属均于北方春糜子区和黄土高原春夏糜子区。遗传结构分析将57份糜子材料分为3个类群,绿色类群的基因多样性指数和PIC比蓝色、红色类群高。两种聚类结果基本一致,分布方式均与地理位置相关。主成分分析结果将晋北部材料与晋中、晋南部材料相区别,说明两生态区糜子的遗传背景因地理气候因素有明显差异,与遗传结构群体分析结果一致。研究表明,山西省糜子资源的遗传多样性丰富。     

谷子种质资源表型及SSR遗传多样性分析

本研究对国内外124份谷子种质资源进行表型及SSR遗传多样性分析。表型性状分析表明,幼苗叶姿、穗颈2个质量性状变异较丰富;单株秆重、单株生物产量、单穗重3个数量性状变异系数较大,遗传多样性指数较高,表现出丰富的遗传多样性。表型性状聚类采用Ward法,在遗传距离7. 0处分为6大类群,各类群性状差异明显。SSR遗传多样性分析表明,52对引物在124份材料中共扩增特异性条带52条,平均遗传相似系数0. 834,变化范围为0. 615~0. 962。聚类分析表明,遗传相似系数为0. 746时,124份材料被分为4大类群,第Ⅰ、Ⅱ类群均来自中国河北;第Ⅲ类群来自哈萨克斯坦;第Ⅳ类群占参试材料的87. 90%,没有明显的地理聚类特征。但遗传相似系数为0. 843、0. 870时,进一步可分9个亚群、7个亚亚群,材料又基本按地区聚为一类。表型性状及SSR聚类分析均存在明显的地理聚类特征,结合表型性状鉴定出12份适宜新疆种植的谷子优异种质。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV