嗜热和常温蛋白模式识别的研究

采用主成分分析、偏最小二乘回归和BP神经网络三种方法对嗜热和常温蛋白进行模式识别。结果表明,三种方法对训练集拟合的平均正确率分别为92％、95％和98％,对测试集进行预测的平均正确率分别为60％、72.5％和72.5％,对嗜热蛋白预测正确率最高为75％,常温蛋白最高为85％。构建了数学模型并对其生物学意义进行了解释,建立了一种基于序列的识别嗜热和常温蛋白的新方法。     

三种检测婴幼儿腹泻A组轮状病毒的方法学评价

目的对婴幼儿腹泻A组轮状病毒的三种不同检测方法进行评价。方法同时采用胶体金、琼脂糖凝胶电泳、逆转录PCR（RT-PCR）对浙江萧山医院1周320份腹泻患儿的标本进行轮状病毒检测,然后进行方法学比较。结果三种方法的阳性检出率分别为36．3％、48．1％和42．8％,经卡方检验三种方法的检出率之间差异均存在统计学意义（P〈0．05）;以琼脂糖凝胶电泳为检测的最终标准,RT-PCR的敏感性为88．9％,特异性达100％;胶体金法的敏感性71．4％,特异性达96．4％。结论胶体金法检测轮状病毒的敏感性和特异性能够满足临床上对轮状病毒快速筛检的要求;PT-PCR法的敏感性和特异性均最高,既可用于临床检测,又是轮状病毒血清G、基因P分型的重要手段,在对无菌体液和环境样本中轮状病毒的检测具有不可比拟的优势。     

蛇毒纤溶酶Fibrolase的凝胶过滤色谱复性研究

目的：研究蛇毒纤溶酶Fibrolase的最佳复性方法。方法：使用透析和凝胶色谱法对Fibrolase复性进行研究,比较2种复性方法的相对复性率及蛋白质回收率。结果：2种复性方法的复性率分别为20％、25％,蛋白质回收率分别为16％、5％。结论：凝胶过滤色谱复性优于透析法复性,凝胶过滤色谱复性使蛋白质的复性与纯化同步进行,简化了操作程序,提高了产品回收率。     

绞股蓝总皂甙提取方法的比较研究

目的：探讨绞股蓝总皂甙最佳的提取方法。方法：首先选用水、80％甲醇、75％乙醇和氯仿等作为溶剂提取绞股蓝总皂甙,从中选择出2种较优试剂,再以回流提取法、索氏提取法、超声波法等提取方法对绞股蓝的总皂甙进行提取,从而选出一种优良的提取方法。并且采用分光光度法测定了绞股蓝总皂甙的含量。结果：研究表明,75％乙醇为绞股蓝总皂甙提取的最佳溶剂,乙醇回流提取法为最优方法。结论：以75％乙醇为提取溶剂的回流提取法是一种高效、简便、节能的绞股蓝总皂甙的提取方法。     

四川省人体寄生虫感染的调查研究Ⅰ.虫种及分布特点

1988－1992年选用国际通用的5种检查方法,按地形分片、整群随机等比例抽样,对四川省人体寄生虫感染情况进行了调查。共调查44县、196个点,97159人,寄生虫总感染率为82.06％,发现26种寄生虫．其中线虫9种、吸虫4种、绦虫3种、原虫10种。平原片区感染率和虫种数为8922％、21种,丘陵片区为8055％、26种,盆周山地片区为84.06％、19种,川西南山地片区为8520％,15种,川西高原片区为50.11％、13种。感染率与年平均气温、年相对湿度呈正相关。     

选择性支气管动脉插管药物治疗中晚期肺癌

对84例中晚期肺癌进行选择性支气管动脉插管药物灌注。药物为LAK细胞,IL-2、卡铂、表阿霉素。结果显示,肿块明显消退12例占35.2％,部分消退18例占52.5％、无变化4例占12.7％、总有效率为87.3％。通过对支气管动脉插管技术,灌注疗法同其它治疗方法的优缺点进行比较,认为本疗法优于周围静脉给药且无严重并发症,副作用轻,不失为一种可供选择的治疗方法。     

评估动物栖息地适宜性的两种方法比较:以大相岭山系大熊猫种群为例

采用景观因索赋值法（方法Ⅰ）和主成分分析法（方法Ⅱ）对大相岭山系大熊猫栖息地进行评价,结果表明。方法Ⅰ的结果中中等适宜、适宜等级和最适宜等级所占的面积分别为94．62、45．46和0．21km^2,分别占总面积的4．17％、2．00％和0．01％;而方法Ⅱ的结果中,中等适宜和适宜等级所占的面积分别为623．03和170.27km^2,分别占总面积的27.49％和7．51％。结合实际调查数据和景观因素,发现2种方法均能对大相岭山系大熊猫生境进行评价。但差异较大。方法Ⅰ评判因索较少。各因素所占比重较大,因索对整个评价结果影响很大,评价结果不精确,但所需人力、物力较少;方法Ⅱ所需评判因素较多,野外搜集所需资料困难,累计贡献率很难达到95％。而且需要大量的人力、物力。因此。为了减少评估误差。应将2种方法结合对动物生境进行评估。     

幽门螺旋菌感染的3种检验方法比较

1990年4至10月我们对作胃镜检查的254例胃病患者的胃活检标本进行幽门螺旋菌(简称HP)感染的直接尿素酶试验、涂片镜检和烛缸法培养HP,并将3种方法加以对比。3种方法共检出HP阳性者173例,检出率68.11％,尿素酶试验阳性170例(66.93％),4小时内阳性率为97.65％,12小时即100％出现阳性,涂片镜检阳性165例(64.96％),镜检与尿素酶阳性符合率为95.3％。培养阳性172例(51.97％)。药敏结果显示该菌对痢特灵、四环素、青霉素、庆大霉素、氨苄青霉素敏感。     

浅部真菌病1948份临床标本的真菌学分析

目的 通过对浅部真菌病患者临床送检标本的病原真菌菌种进行系统分析,了解感染及病原真菌的分布情况。方法 采用直接镜检、培养及真菌鉴定等方法对临床送验标本进行检验和鉴定,大部分标本鉴定到种。结果 1948份临床送验标本中,直接涂片镜检阳性率53．41％,培养阳性率40．28％,而镜检＋培养的阳性率为66．98％。对上述3种方法的真菌检出率进行比较,均存在显著差异（χ^2检验P均〈0．005）。在培养的1944份标本中,共分离出18个属,36种真菌,其中,红色毛癣菌24．52％、须癣毛癣菌16．48％、白念珠菌12．64％。结论 ①镜检结合培养的阳性率显著高于单一的镜检或培养的阳性率。②在患者即时的真菌镜检阴性时,应选择培养方法进一步检测,不轻易排除浅部真菌病感染可能。③皮肤癣菌居患者浅部真菌病致病菌首位,而白念珠菌及酵母类菌也是重要病原菌。     

打分矩阵方法在β-发夹模体识别中的应用

用打分矩阵的五种算法,从蛋白质的氨基酸序列出发,以氨基酸为参数,分别对3088个同源性小于40％的蛋白质和2878个同源性小于33％的蛋白质的β-发夹模体片断进行了识别。利用self—consistency和10—fold cross—validation两种方法对五种算法进行检验,结果表明,Claverie（1996）算法相对较好,对3088个蛋白质的平均识别精度达到了77．7％和76．1％。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.