LC-MS/MS测定荷瘤裸鼠血浆中和厚朴酚脂质体浓度及其药代动力学研究

目的:建立测定荷瘤裸鼠血浆中和厚朴酚脂质体的高效液相色谱-质谱联用(LC-MS/MS)法,并进行荷瘤裸鼠体内药代动力学研究。方法:采用YMC C18(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm)色谱柱,流动相B为0.025%氨水乙腈,A为0.025%氨水,在线脱气,流速0.8 m L/min。梯度洗脱:0~2 min,B相85%~85%;2~4 min,B相85%~10%;4~6 min,B相10%~85%;6~8 min,B相85%~85%,柱温40℃。进样量10μL。质谱条件:离子源电喷雾电离源(ESI),负离子电离模式,扫描方式多级反应监测(MRM),监测离子对m/z和厚朴酚(265.0→223.0)和内标(253.0→225.0)。结果:血浆中无干扰测定的内源性物质,每个样品的分析时间为8 min;和厚朴酚在0.500~1000 ng/m L呈良好的线性关系,定量下限为0.500 ng/m L,日内、日间精密度RSD均小于15%,低、中、高3种浓度的提取回收率64.71%。稳定性实验中,在各种贮存条件下血浆中和厚朴酚均较稳定。结论:本方法操作简便,特异性强,灵敏度高,可用于和厚朴酚脂质体的药代动力学研究,以期为临床应用提供参考。     

LC-MS/MS测定小鼠血浆中多靶点抗AD bis-MEP-乙二酰胺杂合物ZLA浓度及药动学研究

目的:建立检测小鼠血浆内新型多靶点抗阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease,AD)药物双美普他酚-乙二酰胺杂合物(ZLA)浓度的高效液相色谱-质谱联用法(LC-MS/MS),并研究其在小鼠体内的药代动力学。方法:样品经甲醇沉淀去蛋白,应用Waters Xbridge C18色谱柱(2.1×100 mm,3.5μm),以甲醇-水(含5 m M甲酸铵,p H 9.8)(85:15,v/v)为流动相,流速0.25 m L/min;采用电喷雾(ESI)离子源,选择正离子模式多反应监测,待测物分别为m/z 304.3→107.0(ZLA)和m/z 621.7→232.1(内标)。分别给予KM小鼠腹腔和尾静脉注射ZLA 5mg/kg,不同时间点采集血浆用于ZLA定量分析。结果:ZLA和内标保留时间分别为3.2 min和2.5 min。血浆中ZLA线性范围为1-1000 ng/m L。血浆中提取回收率超过91%,日内和日间精密度RSD均小于6%。药动学研究结果显示,腹腔注射时ZLA可快速分布到血浆中,在10.2 min达到峰值,且能达到良好的生物利用度(47.6%)。结论:本研究建立的ZLA血药浓度测定方法快速、灵敏,特异性好,并成功应用于小鼠血浆中ZLA的药代动力学研究。本研究资料将为ZLA在AD治疗中的进一步临床前评估提供依据。     

超高效液相色谱-质谱联用法测定人尿液中5-羟吲哚乙酸浓度方法学验证

目的:采用超高效液相色谱-质谱联用法(UPLC-MS/MS)建立人尿液中5-羟吲哚乙酸(5-HIAA)的检测方法。方法:采用人工尿液UR-N-CONTROL LEVEL 2 NP配制标准曲线,质控样品采用人工尿液和天然尿液配制而成,以5-HIAA的同位素氘标记物5-HIAA-d5为内标,尿液样品采用乙腈进行稀释处理后,采用UPLC-MS/MS检测。色谱柱为Waters HSS T3(100×2.1 mm,1.8μm),流动相A为含0.02%乙酸的2 m M醋酸铵水溶液,B相为:含0.02%乙酸的乙腈溶液,在2.5 min内使用5%的B相至100%的B相进行梯度洗脱,流速为0.5 m L/min,进样量3.0μL,柱温50℃;采用电喷雾负离子模式电离,5-HIAA和5-HIAA-d5内标的监测离子分别为m/z 190.1→146.2和m/z 195.1→151.0。结果:该方法测定的5-HIAA在0.0500至50.0μg/m L范围内线性良好,r≥0.9948,最低定量限(LLOQ)为0.0500μg/m L。5-HIAA批内、批间准确度在89.3%~99.8%之间,精密度(CV)≤8.4%。平均回收率为100.3%~102.3%。结论:该方法专属性强、灵敏度高,快速。人工尿液和天然尿液在定量分析时无差异,适合于人尿液中5-HIAA的浓度测定。     

LC-MS/MS法测定大鼠血浆中5-羟基-7-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)-1-苯基-3-庚酮浓度

目的:建立快速、灵敏测定大鼠血浆中5-羟基-7-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)-1-苯基-3-庚酮(DPHA)的LCMS/MS方法。方法:血浆样品经正己烷萃取后进行分析,采用Kinetex XB-C18色谱柱(2.10 mm×50 mm,2.6μm),柱温40℃,以水(含0.01%甲酸)-甲醇(含0.01%甲酸)为流动相梯度洗脱,流速0.30 m L/min,ESI离子源,多反应离子监测(MRM),用于定量分析的离子对为m/z 329.2→163.0,内标化合物益智酮甲为313.1→137.0。结果:DPHA的线性范围为1.0～2000.0 ng/mL(r=0.9996),最低定量限为1.0 ng/m L;提取回收率为73.53%～85.77%,基质效应为99.63%～110.50%;日内和日间精密度RSD均低于15%,重复性好。用该法测定静脉注射给药DPHA(1.0 mg/kg)后0.5 h大鼠血药浓度为36.2±5.1 ng/m L(n=4,RSD=14.0%)。结论:本法经方法学验证,适用于大鼠血浆中DPHA浓度的测定,适合药代动力学研究。     

LC-MS/MS法检测猪内脏和肌肉中N-乙酰神经氨酸、N-羟乙酰氨酸和脱氨神经氨酸浓度的研究

目的:建立液相色谱-三重四级杆质谱联用法(LC-MS/MS)测定猪内脏和肌肉组织中唾液酸N-乙酰神经氨酸(Neu5Ac)、N-羟乙酰神经氨酸(Neu5Gc)和脱氨神经氨酸(KDN)浓度的分析方法。方法:将内脏肉组织匀浆后,利用三氟乙酸(TFA)将结合态的唾液酸从糖脂或糖蛋白链上解离下来后进样分析。色谱条件:色谱柱为ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18(5μm,4.6×250 mm,Waters),流动相为0.1%醋酸铵-100%乙腈(9:1),柱温:25℃,流速800μL·min~(-1),进样量20μL。质谱条件:离子源为电喷雾化离子源(ESI),扫描方式为多重反应监测(MRM),监测离子对:Neu5Ac:307.7→87.0,Neu5Gc:323.3→116.0,KDN:266.7→87.0,13C3Neu5Ac内标品:310.9→90.0。结果:Neu5Ac、Neu5Gc和KDN分别在0.1~20.0、0.05~10.00和0.005~1.000μmol·L~(-1)的浓度范围内和对照品与内标峰面积比值线性关系良好,重复性平均RSD为1.2%,稳定性平均RSD为1.9%,日间和日内精密度试验RSD均小于6.7%,平均回收率为92.9~106.4%。结论:本方法简便、快速、灵敏度高,可广泛运用于组织和体液中唾液酸的测定。     

LC-MS/MS定量测定人体血浆中氨氯地平浓度

目的:建立定量测定人体血浆中氨氯地平浓度的HPLC-MS/MS的方法.方法:以克林霉素为内标,采用Shim-pack VP-ODS柱(150× 2.0 mm I.D.,5μm,日本Shimadzu Technologies Inc.公司)为固定相;乙腈-10 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液(90∶10,v/v)为流动相,流速为0.4 mL/min;通过电喷雾离子源(ESI),以正离子多反应监测模式进行检测.氨氯地平与内标用于检测的离子对分别为m/z409.3 m/z 238.2和rn/z 425.2 m/z 126.3.结果:氨氯地平在0.10～20.00 ng/mL范围内与峰面积比值线性范围良好(r=0.9968),定量下限为0.10 ng/mL,日内日间精密度的RSD均小于7％,平均回收率大于86％.结论:所建方法准确度较高,灵敏度好,专属性强且操作简便,可适用于氨氯地平的血药浓度测定和临床药代动力学研究.     

利用超高效液相色谱和离子色谱法测定注射用磷酸川芎嗪的含量

目的:建立超高效液相色谱法(UPLC)和离子色谱法(IC)测定磷酸川芎嗪中川芎嗪和磷酸的含量,为质量评价提供依据。方法:UPLC测定川芎嗪的色谱柱为Waters Acquity BEH C18 (2.1 mm×50 mm,1.7μm);检测波长:300 nm检测川芎嗪,274 nm检测有关物质邻苯二甲酸二甲酯;流动相为0.1%甲酸水溶液(A)-0.1%甲酸乙腈(B),梯度洗脱(0.0～0.8 min,10%B→90%B;0.8～0.81 min,90%B→10%B;0.81～1.00 min,10%B),流速:0.7 m L/min。IC测定磷酸的离子交换色谱柱为Dionex IonPac AS11-HC-4μm (4×250 mm),流动相为30 mmol/L KOH溶液等度洗脱15 min,流速1.0 m L/min,柱温35℃;电导检测器;抑制器电流为50 m A。结果:川芎嗪和磷酸在10～100 g/m L内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数均为1.0,UPLC法测定川芎嗪的回收率为102.0%。IC测定磷酸的回收率为99.8%。7个公司生产的注射剂中川芎嗪的含量均在药典规定的范围90%～110%内。但是其中3个公司生产的注射剂磷酸超出药典规定范围90%～110%。结论:与常规HPLC/UPLC测定磷酸川芎嗪含量方法比较,本文所用方法测定结果更加准确、全面、且重复性好,能够真实反应注射用磷酸川芎嗪的实际含量,对于注射用磷酸川芎嗪的安全性和有效性评估提供了一定的依据。     

HPLC法测定硝酸毛果芸香碱眼用凝胶中羟苯乙酯含量

目的:建立用HPLC法测定硝酸毛果芸香碱眼用凝胶中羟苯乙酯含量测定方法。方法:采用十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂的色谱柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm);以乙腈-1%的三氟乙酸(60:40)为流动相;流速1.2m L/min;检测波长为254nm,柱温为室温。结果:羟苯乙酯(1.41~14.10)?g/m L范围内呈良好线性关系,r=0.9999,平均回收率和RSD分别为99.51%和1.27%。结论:该方法简便、准确、重复性好,可作为硝酸毛果芸香碱眼用凝胶中羟苯乙酯含量的测定方法。     

高速逆流色谱分离制备蛹虫草中虫草素和N6-(2-羟乙基)-腺苷

采用高速逆流色谱（HSCCC）技术从蛹虫草子实体粗提物中分离制备高纯度虫草素和N⁶-(2-羟乙基)-腺苷。利用高效液相色谱（HPLC）测定目标产物在溶剂体系中的分配系数,优化HSCCC分离虫草素和N⁶-(2-羟乙基)-腺苷的溶剂体系,确定了以乙酸乙酯-正丁醇-1.5%氨水（1:4:5,V/V/V）为HSCCC的两相溶剂体系,并运用此溶剂体系,上相为固定相,下相为流动相,主机转速850r/min,流动相流速为1.5mL/min,检测波长为254nm条件下进行分离制备,在250min内从200mg蛹虫草子实体粗提物中一步分离得到10.8mg纯度99%的虫草素和6.1mg 纯度98%的N⁶-(2-羟乙基)-腺苷。该方法简便、快速,为虫草素和N⁶-(2-羟乙基)-腺苷的大量制备建立了基础。     

HPLC-MS/MS法快速测定人血浆中美利曲辛及生物等效性研究

目的:建立测定人血浆中关利曲辛浓度的高效液相串联质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS),用于氟哌噻吨美利曲辛片的生物等效性研究.方法:以Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18(4.6mm× 150mm,5μm)为色谱柱,流动相为乙腈(含1%甲酸):0.02mo·L-1甲酸铵水溶液(80∶20,V∶),流速:0.8mL·min-1;柱温:40℃,以醋酸乙酯:二氯甲烷(4∶1,V∶V)为提取剂.样品经电喷雾离子源正离子化后,通过三重四级杆串联质谱仪,采用选择反应监测(SRM)对美利曲辛(m/z 292.2→232.2)和阿米替林(m/z 278.1-91.0)进行测定.结果:美利曲辛的高(50μg·L-1)、中(20μg·L-1)、低(0.5μg·L-1)3个浓度的平均回收率分别为97.53%、104.03%和106.87%,日内(n=5)、日间(n=3)RSD均小于15%;分析方法的最低定量限为0.2μg·L-1.线性范围为:0.2～60μg·L-1,回归方程为:F=1.8691ρ+0.0555,r=0.9986(n=9),权重为1/ρ2.结论:该方法灵敏、准确、简单、快速,可用于临床血浓监测和药动学研究.     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.     

（鱼句）亚科花（鱼骨）型鱼类骨骼系统的比较

对我国花型Hemibarbuspattern鱼类作了骨骼系统比较,结果表明,此类型鱼类脑颅较长,副蝶骨平直或稍弯曲,眶蝶骨腹纵嵴发达(铜鱼Coreius septentrionalis例外),下颞窝和咽突中等大,基枕骨后突发达;脑颅中的上筛骨的后突、侧筛骨的外筛突,蝶耳骨的外突、上耳骨的后突、围眶骨和后颞窝等均有明显的差异;咽颅中的舌颌骨、尾舌骨、鳃盖骨和下咽齿的列数等又有显著的区别;附肢骨骼中的腰带骨、脊椎骨中的复合神经骨和第4椎骨腹侧的悬器等也有不同之处。据此,这些差异和区别可作为属间或种间的分类依据。