外源性雌、孕激素对裸鼠人子宫内膜异位症病灶中MMP-2、TIMP-2及VEGF蛋白表达的影响

目的:探讨雌、孕激素对异位内膜及MMP-2、TIMP-2、VEGF蛋白表达的影响.方法:将育龄妇女正常分泌晚期子宫内膜注入裸鼠盆腹腔,建立EMs裸鼠模型,随机分为四组,分别予雌激素(E)、孕激素(P)、雌激素+孕激素(E+P)及对照(C)组生理盐水肌肉注射.术后18天处死裸鼠,取异位组织,采用免疫组化方法(PV6001/6002法)检测各组异位内膜MMP-2、TIMP-2、VEGF蛋白表达水平,与种植前子宫内膜比较.结果:异位内膜较正常内膜MMP-2、VEGF蛋白表达增强,TIMP-2蛋白表达减弱(P均<0.01);E组、P组、E+P组MMP-2/TIMP-2比值及VEGF蛋白表达均高于C组(P均<0.01).E+P组同E组相比MMP-2/TIMP-2比值及VEGF蛋白表达无差别(P均>0.05).结论:异位内膜的侵袭性和血管新生能力增强,且对激素的反应不同于正常内膜.     

ER和PRmRNAs在内异症子宫内膜表达的变化

目的 :探讨雌激素受体 (ER)和孕激素受体 (PR)在子宫内膜异位症 (内异症 )子宫内膜的表达。方法 :利用大鼠内异症动物模型 ,采用逆转录聚合酶链反应 (RT PCR)技术 ,检测子宫内膜ER和PRmRNAs的表达情况。结果 :内异症模型组大鼠异位内膜ER、PRmRNAs的表达低于在位内膜和对照组正常子宫内膜 ,与后两者比较差异有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 1) ;而模型组在位内膜ER、PRmRNAs的表达与正常对照组比较差异无显著性意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。内异症模型组异位内膜ER/PRmRNA比值大于在位内膜和正常子宫内膜ER/PRmRNA比值 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :内异症大鼠异位内膜ERmRNA表达的相对增高在内异症的发生与发展中起着一定的作用。     

人子宫内膜异位症裸鼠模型的建立

目的建立人子宫内膜异位症裸鼠模型。方法通过开腹手术方法将人子宫内膜组织块种植于裸鼠盆腹腔,观察其生长情况,并进行病理检查。结果成功建立人子宫内膜异位症裸鼠模型,种植病灶能保持原有内膜组织的形态结构,并可见血管生成明显。结论子宫内膜异位症裸鼠模型的建立是子宫内膜异位症早期临床研究的理想模型。     

P物质在子宫内膜异位症中的表达及其意义

目的:探讨P物质(substance P,SP)在子宫内膜异位症(endometriosis,EM)中的表达及其意义。方法:采用免疫组织化学法检测2012年10月至2013年4月在哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院经腹腔镜及病理证实的EM患者异位子宫内膜组织20例,与其配对的在位子宫内膜组织10例以及因非EM(子宫肌瘤)行腹腔镜下子宫全切术或肌瘤核除患者的正常子宫内膜组织20例中SP的表达情况,并分析和比较术中盆腔粘连发生情况。结果:SP在EM患者的异位子宫内膜、在位子宫内膜及非EM患者的正常子宫内膜的阳性表达率分别为75%、80%、20%,异位子宫内膜和在位子宫内膜比较无显著性差别(P=1.0),但均高于非EM患者的正常子宫内膜,差异均有统计学意义(P=0.002,P=0.004);EM组盆腔粘连的阳性率高于非EM组,EM患者异位子宫内膜中SP阳性组盆腔粘连阳性率高于SP阴性组,差异均有统计学意义(P=0.001,P=0.032),非EM患者正常子宫内膜中SP阳性组盆腔粘连阳性率与SP阴性组相比,差异不具有统计学意义(P=0.061)。结论:SP在EM的异位子宫内膜和在位子宫内膜中的表达上调,并与EM合并盆腔粘连有关,其具体机制尚有待进一步的研究。     

卵巢激素对小鼠围着床期子宫内膜Le^y寡糖表达的调控

研究表明Le^y寡糖介导了胚胎与子宫内膜之间的识别与粘附,在胚胎植入中起重要作用。其α1,2、α1,3岩藻糖基的合成分别与α1,2岩藻糖基转移酶（FUT1）、α1,3岩藻糖基转移酶（FUT4）的催化作用密切相关,应用Western印迹、免疫组化和半定量RT-PCR方法,观察小鼠妊娠早期、去卵巢后雌孕激素处理的子宫内膜Le^y寡糖抗原以及其合成相关的FUT1、FUT4基因的表达,分析卵巢激素对Le^y寡糖表达的调控,结果显示：妊娠早期,FUT1、FUT4基因的转录水平随孕激素水平上程式而呈下降的趋势,这与Le^y寡糖抗原表达一致。进一步观察发现,去卵巢后经孕激素处理,FUT1、FUT4基因及Le^y寡糖抗原表达均较对照组降低,雌激素处理组表达则明显升高;雌孕激素联合作用介于雌激素组和孕激素组之间,结果表明,孕激素能下调FUT1、FUT4基因的表达。雌激素对其有上调作用,两种激素之间表现为相互拮抗,提示雌孕激素可能通过FUT1、FUT4基因转录水平调控Le^y寡糖抗原在小鼠子宫内膜上皮的表达。     

雌激素和孕激素对不同发情方式小鼠子宫内膜中孕激素受体分布的影响

目的探讨雌（Estrogen,E2）、孕激素（Progesterone,P4）对同期发情与自然发情小鼠子宫内膜中孕激素受体（Progesterone receptor,PR）分布的影响。方法45只同日龄雌鼠,根据处理方式的不同随机分为5组：自然发情组（对照组）、同期发情组、卵巢摘除组、P4处理组和E2处理组,5组小鼠在见栓后第4、6、8天分别取样后,采用免疫组织化学法观察小鼠子宫内膜中PR的分布变化情况。结果免疫组织化学染色结果显示,5个处理组小鼠子宫内膜的三种细胞中都有PR存在;同期发情组小鼠子宫内膜中三种类型细胞PR的表达与自然发情组差异有显著性（P〈0.05）;P4处理组小鼠子宫内膜中三种类型细胞PR的表达在见栓第4、6天显著低于卵巢摘除组（P〈0.05）;E2处理组小鼠子宫内膜腺上皮和间质中PR在第4、6、8天时都显著高于卵巢摘除组（P〈0.05）,而在腔上皮中则显著低于卵巢摘除组（P〈0.05）。结论同期发情处理与自然发情小鼠的子宫内膜上PR的分布,都受E2和P4的特异诱导而变化。     

趋化因子CCR7受体在子宫内膜组织上的表达水平及意义

目的通过观察趋化因子CCR7受体在子宫内膜异位症组织上的表达,探讨趋化因子CCR7受体在子宫内膜异位症发病中的作用。方法采用SABC免疫组化染色法观察CCR7在正常对照的子宫内膜和AM的异位子宫内膜及OEM的异位子宫内膜、在位子宫内膜腺上皮组织中表达水平。结果 CCR7主要在腺上皮细胞的胞浆和胞膜表达,CCR7受体的表达水平在AM组及OEM组的异位、在位子宫内膜显著高于正常子宫内膜(P0.05)。CCR7受体的表达水平在AM组及OEM组的异位内膜间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论     

基质金属蛋白酶及其抑制剂mRNA在正常及异位子宫内膜中的表达

目的：观察正常及异位子宫内膜中基质金属蛋白酶－1,－2（MMP－1,－2）和基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂－1（TIMP－1）基因表达的变化,以探讨其与子宫内膜异位症的关系。方法：应用原位技术,采用地高辛生物素标记的cDNA探针（MMP－1,MMP－2,TIMP－1）对子宫内膜异位症患者（EM组）的子宫内膜（14例）、异位病灶组织（20例）及非子宫内膜异位症患者（对照组）的子宫内膜（12例）,分3批进行分子杂交检测,结果：3批结果相似。MMP－1,－2,TIMP－1mRNA在腺上皮细胞和间质细胞均有表达,EM组的子宫内膜MMP－1,－2及TIMP－1mRNA表达量与对照组无显著性差异（P＞0．05）,异位病灶组织的MMP－1,－2mRNA表达量明显高于对照组（P＜0．05）,而TIMP－1mRNA表达量则低于对照组（P＜0．05）。结论：子宫内膜异位症患者的异位病灶中,存在MMP－1,－2和TIMP－1明显的平衡失调,这可能与子宫内膜异位症的发生、发展和不孕有关。     

内皮抑素转基因治疗子宫内膜异位症大鼠模型的实验研究

目的:了解内皮抑素(ES)转基因治疗子宫内膜异位症大鼠模型的疗效。方法:构建子宫内膜异位症大鼠模型,选择建模成功的大鼠为实验研究对象,随机分为ES转染组(I组)24只、载体对照组(Ⅱ组)20只和阴性对照组(Ⅲ组)20只。I组病灶局部注射lipofectamine-endo-pBud复合物进行基因转染,Ⅱ组注射lipofectamine-pBud复合物,Ⅲ组注射PBS用于对照。通过实时荧光定量PCR法检测异位病灶中ES基因的相对表达量,用Western-blot测定ES-HA融合蛋白及ES蛋白的相对表达量,来判断转染成功与否。用ELISA法对大鼠血清中ES及血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)水平进行测定,用免疫组化SP法对ES、基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)以及微血管密度(MVD)的表达进行测定,用游标卡尺对转染前后各组大鼠异位病灶的长、宽进行测量,计算体积,分析各指标实验前后的差异,观察内皮抑素转基因治疗子宫内膜异位症大鼠模型的疗效。结果:注射相应试剂后2周,I组异位病灶组织中ES基因的相对表达量高于两对照组(P<0.05),有ES-HA融合蛋白表达,且ES蛋白的相对表达量显著高于两对照组(P<0.01);I组血清中ES水平显著高于两对照组(P<0.01),VEGF水平显著低于两对照组(P<0.01),三组ES与VEGF在血清中的表达水平呈负相关(r=-0.805);I组异位病灶组织中ES表达明显高于两对照组(P<0.01);MMP-2的表达明显少于两对照组(P<0.01);MVD明显少于两对照组(P<0.01);三组ES与MMP-2在异位内膜中的表达呈负相关(r=-0.700);I组异位病灶体积明显小于两对照组(P<0.01)。结论:阳离子脂质体LipofectamineTM2000介导的重组质粒endo-pBud病灶内直接注射法可以成功实现ES在子宫内膜异位症大鼠异位内膜中的表达,并对子宫内膜异位症大鼠模型有治疗作用。     

内皮抑素转基因治疗子宫内膜异位症大鼠模型的实验研究

目的：了解内皮抑素（ES）转基因治疗子宫内膜异位症大鼠模型的疗效。方法：构建子宫内膜异位症大鼠模型,选择建模成功的大鼠为实验研究对象,随机分为ES转染组（I组）24只、载体对照组（Ⅱ组）20只和阴性对照组（Ⅲ组）20只。I组病灶局部注射lipofectamine-endo-pBud复合物进行基因转染,Ⅱ组注射lipofectamine-pBud复合物,Ⅲ组注射PBS用于对照。通过实时荧光定量PCR法检测异位病灶中ES基因的相对表达量,用Western-blot测定ES-HA融合蛋白及ES蛋白的相对表达量,来判断转染成功与否。用ELISA法对大鼠血清中ES及血管内皮细胞生长因子（VEGF）水平进行测定,用免疫组化SP法对ES、基质金属蛋白酶-2（MMP-2）以及微血管密度（MVD）的表达进行测定,用游标卡尺对转染前后各组大鼠异位病灶的长、宽进行测量,计算体积,分析各指标实验前后的差异,观察内皮抑素转基因治疗子宫内膜异位症大鼠模型的疗效。结果：注射相应试剂后2周,I组异位病灶组织中ES基因的相对表达量高于两对照组（P〈0.05）,有ES-HA融合蛋白表达,且ES蛋白的相对表达量显著高于两对照组（P〈0.01）;I组血清中ES水平显著高于两对照组（P〈0.01）,VEGF水平显著低于两对照组（P〈0.01）,三组ES与VEGF在血清中的表达水平呈负相关（r=-0.805）;I组异位病灶组织中ES表达明显高于两对照组（P〈0.01）;MMP-2的表达明显少于两对照组（P〈0.01）;MVD明显少于两对照组（P〈0.01）;三组ES与MMP-2在异位内膜中的表达呈负相关（r=-0.700）;I组异位病灶体积明显小于两对照组（P〈0.01）。结论：阳离子脂质体LipofectamineTM2000介导的重组质粒endo-pBud病灶内直接注射法可以成功实现ES在子宫内膜异位症大鼠异位内膜中的表达,并对子宫内膜异位症大鼠模型有治疗作用。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.