越冬代亚洲玉米螟成虫发生动态及其与温度关系初探——以通辽市开鲁县为例

为明确亚洲玉米螟越冬代成虫发生动态及其与温度的关系,于2007-2016年利用频振式杀虫灯结合当地气象数据进行系统调查与分析。结果表明,自然条件下内蒙古通辽地区越冬代玉米螟成虫始见期在6月初(6月5日左右),高峰期在6月下旬(6月26日左右),终见期为7月中旬(7月14日左右),整个成虫期有效温度累积范围在150.0℃~750.0℃之间,高峰期集中在350.0℃~450.0℃的范围内。总的来看,越冬代成虫始见期与高峰期与吉林省中部地区大体相同,终见期稍晚于吉林中部地区但早于黑龙江哈尔滨地区。通辽与吉林中部地区越冬代成虫期(均40 d左右)约比黑龙江哈尔滨地区短10 d。可见,各地越冬代玉米螟成虫发生期的早晚和持续时间长短因地而异,同一地区受年份间的气温变化其也会出现差异。     

甘薯蠹野螟生物学特性初步研究

1992-1994年在平潭县对甘薯蠹野螟的生物学进行观察。该虫在平潭县一年发生5代,以幼虫在越冬薯茎内越冬。旬平均温度28-30℃,卵期6．20天,幼虫期24．6天,蛹期12．3天,雌成虫寿命4．4天,雄成虫寿命6．7天。并对各虫期的生活习性和田间清长规律进行观察。     

绿盲蝽在Bt转基因棉及枣树上的发生规律

本对绿盲蝽在Bt转基因棉及枣树上的发生规律进行了系统研究,结果表明,在沧州地区绿盲蝽以卵在枣树多年生枣股芽鳞内和地面双子叶杂草上越冬,在多年生枣股芽鳞内的越冬卵占总卵数的91．5％,在地面双子叶杂草上的越冬卵仅占总卵数的8．5％。该虫1年发生5代,枣树和棉花是该虫的主要互为寄主,1—2代危害枣树,2代成虫转主于棉花,转主高峰为6月19—25日,3—5代危害棉花,第5代成虫于9月初开始返回枣树产卵越冬。1—3代若虫孵化时间集中、成虫羽化高峰明显。根据绿盲蝽生活史中的薄弱环节,提出了抓住关键时期,采取大面积统一防治,将该虫消灭在孵化期和成虫羽化及转主之前的防治策略。     

作物分布对二点委夜蛾发生规律的影响

【目的】二点委夜蛾Athetis lepigone(M?schler)是近年农业新发害虫,为探讨作物分布和种植布局与其田间发生的关系,本文初步研究了作物种植比例、种植模式对二点委夜蛾田间发生规律的影响。【方法】在济宁市等二点委夜蛾发生典型地区,调查统计小麦、玉米、花生、大豆等作物种植分布情况,完成作物种植比例影响试验;在济宁市和肥城市不同作物田进行诱蛾试验,研究分析不同作物种植方式与二点委夜蛾发生关系。【结果】试验结果显示,单植玉米比例与玉米田2代幼虫数量呈显著正相关,单植大豆比例与越冬代蛾量呈显著正相关;与玉米毗邻花生、大豆田诱蛾量显著高于小麦-玉米种植田。【结论】以上试验说明,越冬代成虫羽化后向各种作物田迁移,没有特别喜好。1代以后的成虫则更喜欢玉米周围有花生、大豆种植的田块,越冬代幼虫可能更喜欢在花生、大豆田越冬。     

黑刺粉虱及其天敌的研究

黑刺粉虱Aleurucamhus spiniferus Quaint．是柑桔、茶树等经济作物的重要害虫。福建一年发生4-5代,闽北、闽中发生4代,世代重叠。主要以若虫在柑桔等叶背越冬,越冬若虫于翌年2月间开始化蛹(伪蛹),4月间成虫羽化并产卵。各世代若虫发生期为第一代4月上旬至6月上旬;第二代6月中旬至7月下旬;第三代7月中旬至9月上旬;第四代9月中旬至翌年3月,11月进入越冬期。一年中以6-9月为发生为害高峰期。黑刺粉虱的寄生性天敌和捕食性天敌资源丰富,蛹期被寄生率甚高,对该虫的综合治理可以生物防治为主要措施。     

红脂大小蠹幼虫和成虫耐寒能力及耐寒物质的研究

为明确红脂大小蠹Dendroctonus valens LeConte的耐寒能力以及主要耐寒物质,对越冬期幼虫和成虫的过冷却点及冰点进行了测定,同时对越冬期及非越冬期幼虫和成虫体内的抗冻保护物质进行了测定.结果表明,越冬期幼虫和成虫的过冷却点差异不显著,分别为-18.34±0.26℃和-18.59±0.63℃,冰点差异显著,分别为-10.17±0.36℃和-15.90±0.70.越冬期幼虫体内脂肪、甘油、海藻糖和山梨醇含量均显著高于非越冬期幼虫,水分、糖原和蛋白质含量差异不显著;越冬期成虫体内糖原、甘油、海藻糖和山梨醇含量均显著高于非越冬期成虫,水分、脂肪和蛋白质含量差异不显著.甘油、海藻糖、山梨醇是红脂大小蠹幼虫和成虫的主要抗冻保护物质,在越冬过程中发挥重要作用;此外,脂肪在红脂大小蠹幼虫越冬过程中也发挥重要作用,糖原在红脂大小蠹成虫越冬过程中发挥重要作用.     

警纹地老虎Euxoa exclamationis(Linnaeus)的初步研究

1.警纹地老虎在新疆各地与黄地老虎同时混合发生,各虫态又与黄地老虎相近似,因而两种地老虎常常混淆不清,给研究和测报工作带来一定的困难。本文对它与黄地老虎的形态做了比较,生物学特性作了叙述。 2.此虫在南疆莎车地区一年发生二代,以滞育的第二代幼虫在土中越冬。越冬深度较黄地老虎为浅。成虫发生期为4月中旬至9月中旬,其间出现两次高峰,第一次为4月下旬至5月上旬,第二次为7月上中旬。 3.警纹地老虎虽是杂食性害虫,但其寄主植物范围较黄地老虎为狭。第一代幼虫一般生活在藜科杂草上,作物地除苜蓿外很少发现它的踪迹:第二代主要集中苜蓿、甜菜和马铃薯等作物为害。 4.各虫态历期长短随温度而异。卵期当温度为20℃及26℃时,分别为8-10天、4-6天;蛹期在17-18℃及25-27℃时,分别为25-28天、12-14天;幼虫期第—代以灰藜、甜菜、玉米饲养者,分别为26-33天、33天、37-38天。 5.成虫取食马蔺花蜜者产卵量较取食白菜花及清水者高1.29、2.26倍。幼虫取食甜菜者其成虫产卵量较取食玉米者高1.74倍,蛹重以取食灰藜和甜菜者较重,取食马铃薯和玉米者较轻。     

烟草粉斑螟的生物学特性及危害损失研究

烟草粉斑螟是贮烟主要害虫之一,在安徽合肥每年发生3代,主要以老熟幼虫越冬。越冬、第1代,第2代成虫出现的高峰期分别为5月上旬,7月上、中旬．8月下至9月上旬。第1代卵的历期5-6天,幼虫平均历期56天,蛹的平均历期8．5天。麦蛾茧蜂Microbracon bebets Say寄生其幼虫,一种螨吸食其卵。实际损失率(y)与词查损失率(X)之间存在显相关,直线回归方程式为：y=1．26565x 9.12613×10^3(r=0.888879)。     

新疆菜蝽的初步研究

新疆菜蝽在新疆发生普通,是油菜和蔬菜的重要害虫。该虫在南疆沙雅地区一年发生三代,世代重迭,主要以第三代成虫在田边、田埂、青苔落叶下面越冬,翌年四月下旬迁飞至田间为害油菜幼苗,以第一、二代为害油菜最烈。 越冬成虫和第一代成虫交配期,平均分别为30.5天及2.4天。产卵前期的越冬成虫为3.8天;第一代为10.2天;第二代为4.7天。越冬成虫每雌产卵平均103.8粒;第一代32.0粒;第二代10.3粒。产卵期的长短因世代而异,第三代、第一代、第二代平均分别为35.9天、2.6天、2.9天。第一代卵主要产于地面的土块上,第二代主要产于植株的中下部叶面上。第一代与第二代成虫寿命平均分别为13天及71.3天。当平均温度在24.4℃时,第一代卵期平均9天,在27.5℃时,第二代卵期平均5.8天。若虫共五龄,若虫期第一代平均31.5天,第二代平均26.9天。 有一种卵蜂在田间平均寄生率达55.0%,有利用价值。防治时,消灭田内的杂草,结合人工捕采成虫和卵块以及浸水淹杀第一代卵。田间化学防治可用6%可湿性666的200-400倍液,对若虫及成虫效果很好。     

上海地区红棕象甲的耐寒性研究

红棕象甲Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier)是我国危害棕榈科植物的重要入侵害虫, 为探明其越冬抗寒性, 利用过冷却点测定仪测定了红棕象甲上海种群不同虫态的过冷却点, 在低温箱内测定了该虫不同虫态的耐寒性, 然后结合田间越冬模拟试验、气象资料和寄主分布情况, 初步确定了红棕象甲在我国的越冬北界。结果表明： 红棕象甲过冷却点随虫态的发育程度的升高而下降, 卵、1龄幼虫、5龄幼虫、9龄幼虫和成虫的平均过冷却点分别为-5.92, -6.42, -7.19, -7.43和-11.84℃, 过冷却点由高到低的顺序依次为: 卵>幼虫>成虫。在6, 24, 48和72 h 4个时间处理下, 各虫态在低温与存活率之间呈显著或极显著的logistic回归, 半致死温度（Ltemp₅₀）均随处理时间的延长而上升, 不同虫态在处理72 h 后, 卵、1龄幼虫、5龄幼虫、9龄幼虫和成虫之间的Ltemp₅₀分别为1.61, -1.67, -2.39, -2.40和-0.40℃, 各虫态耐寒性由弱到强的顺序依次为: 卵<成虫<幼虫。红棕象甲不同发育阶段的过冷却点与其耐寒性并不完全相关, 幼虫和成虫均可能是该虫的越冬虫态。连续两年的田间模拟越冬试验表明, 在上海地区, 红棕象甲的幼虫和成虫的越冬存活率均在60％以上, 说明红棕象甲在上海地区是可以越冬的。根据这些结果, 结合寄主分布情况, 初步将红棕象甲在我国的越冬北界定于北纬35°附近, 即1月份0℃等温线左右。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.