程序化冷冻前后小鼠孵化囊胚和休眠胚胎的Hba-α蛋白分布和差异表达

目的利用程序化冷冻的方法,探究冷冻前、后小鼠孵化囊胚和休眠胚胎中Hba-α蛋白的分布和差异表达的变化,为今后开发和利用新型哺乳动物源抗冻蛋白提供理论依据。方法从妊娠d5小鼠体内获取孵化囊胚;从小鼠延迟着床模型获取休眠胚胎,利用Confocal显微镜和Western Blot技术对程序化冷冻前、后的各组胚胎进行Hba-α蛋白的分布和表达检测。结果孵化囊胚和休眠胚胎在程序化冷冻前、后均有Hba-α蛋白的表达;孵化囊胚经程序化冷冻后Hba-α蛋白的表达与冷冻前相比差异无显著性(P0.05);冷冻前休眠胚胎与程序化冷冻前后的孵化囊胚相比,Hba-α蛋白的表达量显著下调(P0.05);冷冻后休眠胚胎Hba-α蛋白的表达量显著低于其他各组(P0.05)。结论程序化冷冻处理对小鼠休眠胚胎Hba-α蛋白的表达影响明显大于孵化囊胚;Hba-α基因具有作为新型哺乳动物源抗冻蛋白的潜力。     

冻融后小鼠休眠胚胎超微结构的变化

目的从亚细胞超微结构的角度揭示其抗冻能力优于正常孵化胚胎的原因。方法利用透射电子显微镜观察小鼠休眠胚胎与正常孵化期胚胎在细胞连接和各细胞器形态与分布上的差异,以及冻融培养后的变化,并进行相关比较分析。结果通过亚细胞结构对比分析发现:冷冻前小鼠休眠胚胎为紧缩状,处于能量代谢较低的"基态",通过冻融后培养,细胞器结构恢复与正常孵化胚胎冷冻前相似;而正常孵化胚胎经过冻融后,线粒体数量减少,细胞核松散,异染色质增多。结论小鼠休眠胚胎与正常孵化胚胎冻融后相比,其细胞状态更有利于物质储存及能量代谢,表明小鼠休眠胚胎从亚细胞超微结构的角度比其正常孵化胚胎更具抗冻性。     

小鼠休眠胚胎与正常胚胎冻融后体内外发育潜力的比较

目的检验小鼠休眠胚胎冻融后的质量及体内外发育潜力,为胚胎休眠技术的生产应用提供必要的参考。方法采用常规冷冻方法将正常孵化期胚胎和休眠胚胎进行冷冻,之后分别进行体外复苏培养实验和胚胎移植实验。随后利用双重荧光染色的方法分别对冻融前后的小鼠休眠胚胎与正常孵化期胚胎进行细胞计数,观察两种胚胎冻融前后的质量变化。结果休眠胚胎的冷冻解冻回收率、发育率均极显著高于孵化期胚胎(72.1%vs 50.2%,P<0.01;94.2%vs 73.9%,P<0.01)。休眠胚胎的移植妊娠率显著高于孵化期胚胎(40.8%vs 30.1%,P<0.05)。休眠胚胎的内细胞团细胞数显著高于孵化期胚胎(27.83 vs 19.53,P<0.05),滋养层细胞数差异不显著。冻融培养后休眠胚胎的内细胞团数,滋养层细胞数均显著高于孵化期胚胎(25.18 vs 14.68,P<0.05;114.09 vs 73.88,P<0.05)。结论小鼠休眠胚胎冻融后胚胎质量及体内外发育潜力均优于小鼠正常孵化期胚胎。     

siRNA介导的PRR11表达抑制导致肺癌细胞系基因表达谱变化的分析

Proline rich 11(PRR11)是本课题组鉴定的一个新的肿瘤相关基因。为研究PRR11介导肺癌发生发展相关的分子机制,本研究分析了PRR11表达被抑制后人肺癌细胞系H1299的全基因组基因表达谱的变化。首先,采用siRNA抑制H1299细胞中PRR11的表达,提取总RNA,采用基因芯片分析全基因组基因表达谱的变化。然后,对呈现差异表达的基因进行GO和Pathway富集分析,并对部分重要的候选基因进行定量RT-PCR验证。基因芯片结果表明,采用siRNA有效抑制H1299细胞中PRR11表达后,共有550个基因的mRNA水平出现明显变化,其中139个基因表达上调,411个基因表达下调。生物信息学分析结果表明,上述差异表达的基因显著富集于细胞周期和MAPK通路。定量RT-PCR验证分析结果表明,PRR11表达抑制后确实可导致多个与细胞周期和肿瘤发生发展密切相关的基因(包括DHRS2、EPB41L3、CCNA1、MAP4K4、RRM1、NFIB)呈现显著的表达变化。这些结果提示,PRR11可能通过上述通路和/或基因的表达变化参与肺癌的发生发展过程。     

Affymetrix基因表达谱芯片在新疆维吾尔族与汉族胰腺癌组织样本间差异表达基因筛选中的运用

目的:运用基因表达谱芯片筛选并分析新疆维吾尔族与汉族胰腺癌组织样本间的差异表达基因。方法:收集我院2014年1月至2016年6月间行手术切除的维吾尔族与汉族胰腺导管细胞癌组织并提取总RNA,选取经Nanodrop 2000与Agilent 2100仪器质检合格的样本总RNA采用Affymetrix基因表达谱芯片筛选出差异表达基因并绘制统计图,运用基因本体(GO)分析及信号通路(Pathway)分析对这些差异表达基因的生物信息进行汇总分析。结果:通过基因表达谱芯片分析,新疆维吾尔族与汉族胰腺癌组织样本间共检测到1063个基因存在差异表达,在维吾尔族胰腺癌标本中显著上调表达的基因共281个,差异表达倍数最高的为IGLV1-44基因(差异倍数:9.99)下调表达的基因共782个,差异表达倍数最高的为CPB1基因(差异倍数:33.76);在Gene Ontology数据库中共检索到815个上述差异表达基因具有明确的GO分类,差异表达倍数最高的为CPB1基因(差异倍数:33.76);Pathway分析中共检测到30条信号通路包含有上述差异表达基因,共涉及196个基因,其中以FAK信号通路差异表达基因富集程度最高,差异表达倍数最高的基因为COL11A1基因(差异倍数:5.02)。结论:基因表达谱芯片分析结果显示,在新疆维吾尔族与汉族胰腺癌组织样本间存在大量的差异表达基因,这些基因与胰腺癌的增殖分化、侵袭转移及多药耐药等特性密切相关,且参与了多条生物体内重要信号转导通路的调控。     

Cx43基因敲除鼠胚心脏近端流出道组织中Galpha13信号通路基因的差异表达

目的研究Cx43基因剔除(Cx43KO)小鼠胚胎心脏近端流出道组织中基因表达谱的改变,筛选可能导致Cx43KO小鼠流出道梗阻的相关基因。方法以胎龄(embryonic day,ED)14.5天的Cx43KO和野生型(Cx43WT)鼠胚心脏近端流出道部分为研究对象,分别提取总RNA,逆转录成cDNA;并在体外转录为cRNA,同时进行生物素标记及片段化;再与Affymetrix-4302.0基因芯片进行杂交。杂交信号经扫描后,应用相关生物信息软件分析基因表达情况。结果与Cx43WT组相比,Cx43KO组中表达上调2倍以上的基因共有287个,表达下调2倍以上的基因有199个。其中表达差异的基因参与转录调控、细胞周期等主要生理过程。进一步筛查表达差异1.5倍以上的基因发现,Galpha13信号通路上的多个基因在Cx43KO组有明显变化。结论利用基因芯片技术初步筛选出与Cx43KO鼠胚心脏近端流出道发育有关的多个基因,其中Galpha13信号通路上的相关基因可能与Cx43KO小鼠流出道梗阻的发生有关。     

新型脂肽类辐射防护剂H6101对小鼠骨髓细胞基因表达谱的影响

目的：脂肽类化合物具有抗辐射活性,通过研究脂肽类辐射防护剂H6101给药后小鼠骨髓细胞基因表达谱的变化,揭示其可能的辐射防护机制。方法：6只ICR雄性小鼠随机分为PBS对照组和H6101给药组,每组3只,给药后1h分离骨髓细胞提取总RNA,经反转录和荧光标记后与小鼠基因表达谱芯片杂交,杂交信号经扫描仪捕获后用Genenomestudio软件进行统计分析。结果：在测定的26766个基因中,给药组与对照组之间的2倍差异表达基因为1738个,其中1041个基因表达上调,697个基因表达下调;TLR信号通路相关基因,炎性细胞因子、造血因子和细胞凋亡相关基因等的转录水平发生明显变化。结论：用基因表达谱芯片筛选出许多不同种类的与H6101辐射防护作用有关的重要基因,这为揭示脂肽分子辐射防护机制提供了研究方向。     

溶菌酶1在小鼠超数排卵前后孵化及休眠囊胚中差异表达的研究

目的研究溶菌酶1(lysozyme 1,LYZ1)基因在超数排卵前后小鼠孵化囊胚和休眠胚胎中的分布以及表达,探究动物胚胎着床过程中新的调节机制。方法从妊娠5 d ICR小鼠体内获取的正常孵化囊胚和超排囊胚,利用小鼠延迟着床模型于妊娠第8天获取休眠胚胎和超排休眠胚胎。利用免疫荧光和Western Blot方法检测LYZ1蛋白在四组胚胎中的分布和差异表达变化。结果 LYZ1在超数排卵前、后小鼠孵化囊胚和休眠胚胎中均有表达,且主要集中在内细胞团中,滋养层细胞和胞质中少见分布;与未进行超排的小鼠相比,LYZ1蛋白在超排后小鼠胚胎中表达量显著上调,与未营造休眠模型的小鼠相比,LYZ1蛋白在休眠模型小鼠胚胎中的表达量显著上调。结论 LYZ1蛋白在囊胚内细胞团中表达,可能参与调节胚胎内细胞团的发育;LYZ1蛋白在超排-休眠胚胎中的高表达,说明LYZ1蛋白在休眠和超数排卵的双重影响下,会因为抵御不利环境而上调。     

多效生长因子相关基因的生物信息学分析

目的:用生物信息学方法分析多效生长因子(PTN)潜在的分子功能。方法:利用由美国亚利桑那癌中心提供的生物信息学数据库,对前期用小鼠全基因组表达谱芯片检测到的Ptn相关基因进行生物信息学分析,通过GO Terms分析这些基因所属的功能群体,用Pathway Miner分析这些基因参与调控的信号通路。结果:370个由芯片检测得到的Ptn相关基因中,在GO Terms数据库中找到231个基因,其中参与细胞成分构成的基因占31.83%,具有分子功能的基因占35.34%,而参与生物学过程的基因占32.83%;在Pathway Miner数据库中找到105个基因。这些基因相关的信号通路有230条,分别属于细胞和调控过程通路以及代谢通路。结论:PTN是一个重要的细胞因子,可能参与机体的免疫与防御反应、炎症反应,以及细胞的增殖、凋亡调控等。     

MAPK信号通路基因在小鼠肝再生中的表达谱变化

为了分析丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases,MAPK)信号通路基因在肝再生中的表达图谱,以及探讨MAPK信号通路在肝再生中的作用,文章利用四氯化碳(Carbon Tetrachloride,CCl4)诱导的小鼠肝损伤再生模型对MAPK信号通路基因的表达进行检测.首先,采用CCl4腹腔注射的方法建立小鼠肝损伤再生模型,通过肝脏切片HE染色和测定血清中谷丙转氨酶活性确认模型的质量,然后,在注射CCl4后的第0、0.5、1.5、4.5、7 d分别采集小鼠肝脏样本,应用Affymetrix公司的小鼠基因表达芯片,检测MAPK信号通路中93个基因的差异表达图谱,并用荧光实时定量PCR法验证芯片检测的结果.结果表明,在芯片检测到的93个MAPK信号通路基因中,有31个在肝再生中有不同程度差异表达,且经荧光实时定量RT-PCR检测的结果与基因芯片的结果相符合.基因表达谱芯片技术可以筛选出肝再生中差异表达的基因,在小鼠肝再生中的第0.5和1.5 d,MAPK信号通路中表达水平上调的基因增多,而在第4.5和7 d,则表达水平下调的基因明显增多.这一结果表明MAPK信号通路对肝再生不同阶段的双重调控作用.     

Gene expression profiling in a renal cell carcinoma cell line: dissecting VHL and hypoxia-dependent pathways

The von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor, pVHL, is a key player in one of the best characterized hypoxia signaling pathways, the VHL-hypoxia-inducible factor (VHL-HIF) pathway. To better understand the role of VHL in the hypoxia signaling pathways of tumor cells, we used serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) to investigate hypoxia-regulated gene expression in renal carcinoma cells (786-0), with and without VHL. The gene expression profiles of the cancer cells were compared to SAGE profiles from normal renal proximal tubule cells grown under both normoxia and hypoxia. The data suggest that the role of VHL as a tumor suppressor may be more complex than previously thought. Further, the data reveal that renal carcinoma cells have evolved an alternative hypoxia signaling pathway(s) compared with normal renal cells. These alternative hypoxia pathways demonstrate VHL-dependent and VHL-independent regulation. The genes involved in such pathways include those with potential importance in the physiological and pathological regulation of tumor growth and angiogenesis. Some of the genes identified as showing overexpression in the cancer cells, particularly those encoding secreted or membrane-bound proteins, could be potential biomarkers for tumors or targets for rational therapeutics that are dependent on VHL status.     

Dissection of floral induction pathways using global expression analysis

Flowering of the reference plant Arabidopsis thaliana is controlled by several signaling pathways, which converge on a small set of genes that function as pathway integrators. We have analyzed the genomic response to one type of floral inductive signal, photoperiod, to dissect the function of several genes transducing this stimulus, including CONSTANS, thought to be the major output of the photoperiod pathway. Comparing the effects of CONSTANS with those of FLOWERING LOCUS T, which integrates inputs from CONSTANS and other floral inductive pathways, we find that expression profiles of shoot apices from plants with mutations in either gene are very similar. In contrast, a mutation in LEAFY, which also acts downstream of CONSTANS, has much more limited effects. Another pathway integrator, SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CO 1, is responsive to acute induction by photoperiod even in the presence of the floral repressor encoded by FLOWERING LOCUS C. We have discovered a large group of potential floral repressors that are down-regulated upon photoperiodic induction. These include two AP2 domain-encoding genes that can repress flowering. The two paralogous genes, SCHLAFMUTZE and SCHNARCHZAPFEN, share a signature with partial complementarity to the miR172 microRNA, whose precursor we show to be induced upon flowering. These and related findings on SPL genes suggest that microRNAs play an important role in the regulation of flowering.     

Dissecting Wnt/beta-catenin signaling during gastrulation using RNA interference in mouse embryos

Differential gene regulation integrated in time and space drives developmental programs during embryogenesis. To understand how the program of gastrulation is regulated by Wnt/beta-catenin signaling, we have used genome-wide expression profiling of conditional beta-catenin mutant embryos. Known Wnt/beta-catenin target genes, known components of other signaling pathways, as well as a number of uncharacterized genes were downregulated in these mutants. To further narrow down the set of differentially expressed genes, we used whole-mount in situ screening to associate gene expression with putative domains of Wnt activity. Several potential novel target genes were identified by this means and two, Grsf1 and Fragilis2, were functionally analyzed by RNA interference (RNAi) in completely embryonic stem (ES) cell-derived embryos. We show that the gene encoding the RNA-binding factor Grsf1 is important for axial elongation, mid/hindbrain development and axial mesoderm specification, and that Fragilis2, encoding a transmembrane protein, regulates epithelialization of the somites and paraxial mesoderm formation. Intriguingly, the knock-down phenotypes recapitulate several aspects of Wnt pathway mutants, suggesting that these genes are components of the downstream Wnt response. This functional genomic approach allows the rapid identification of functionally important components of embryonic development from large datasets of putative targets.     

Identification of oscillatory genes in somitogenesis from functional genomic analysis of a human mesenchymal stem cell model

During somitogenesis, oscillatory expression of genes in the notch and wnt signaling pathways plays a key role in regulating segmentation. These oscillations in expression levels are elements of a species-specific developmental mechanism. To date, the periodicity and components of the human clock remain unstudied. Here we show that a human mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) model can be induced to display oscillatory gene expression. We observed that the known cycling gene HES1 oscillated with a 5 h period consistent with available data on the rate of somitogenesis in humans. We also observed cycling of Hes1 expression in mouse C2C12 myoblasts with a period of 2 h, consistent with previous in vitro and embryonic studies. Furthermore, we used microarray and quantitative PCR (Q-PCR) analysis to identify additional genes that display oscillatory expression both in vitro and in mouse embryos. We confirmed oscillatory expression of the notch pathway gene Maml3 and the wnt pathway gene Nkd2 by whole mount in situ hybridization analysis and Q-PCR. Expression patterns of these genes were disrupted in Wnt3a(tm1Amc) mutants but not in Dll3(pu) mutants. Our results demonstrate that human and mouse in vitro models can recapitulate oscillatory expression observed in embryo and that a number of genes in multiple developmental pathways display dynamic expression in vitro.