羊输卵管液中发情相关糖蛋白的性质研究

哺乳动物输卵管卵管液为受精和早期受精卵的发育提供了一个理想的生理生化环境。人们对输卵管液的成分已进行了初步研究,其中发情相关糖蛋白（EGP）是被研究的成分之一。EGP仅存在在排卵核受精前后的输卵管液中。当受精卵进入子宫区,输卵管液中的EGP就消失了。显然,EGP是与哺乳动物的早期发育过程密切相关。尽管人们对EGP的确切生理功能尚不清楚,但作为第一步,首先弄清EGP的理化性质是十分重要的。本文目的在于研究羊输卵管液中EGP的理化性质。本文采用单向（ID）、双向（2D）SDS－聚丙烯胺凝胶电泳（PAGE）和等电聚胶电泳（IEF）,结合Western blot技术对EGP的性质进行了[研究。由于单克隆抗体及花生凝集素（Peanut Agglutinin)和EGP相结合的专一性很高,不必事先对EGP进行纯化就可直接进行分析。我们的结果证明羊EGP包括两种蛋白质,一种是酸性蛋白,它的等电点为数4．5;另一种是碱性蛋白,其等电点是8：0;这两种蛋白基的分子量相同,都是10kD。从不同物种间EGP这些理化数据上比较,羊和狒狒的非常接近,但和其他动物的有很多不同。我们认为来自不同动物的EGP可能是一类性质相同的蛋白质,具有相同的生理功能,但其分子受糖基化的程度是不同的。本研究使我们对生殖过程的了解使有所增加,也对寻求一种更有效的早期胚胎体外培养基有所帮助。     

地衣芽孢杆菌β—甘露聚糖酶的纯化及其性质的研究

地衣芽孢杆菌１Ｂａｃｉｕｕｓ Ｌｉｃｈｅｎｉｆｏｒｍｉｓ）ＢＬ－３０６产生的胞外β－甘露聚糖酶经硫酸铵分级盐析,ＤＥＡＥ－纤维素柱层析。Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ－Ｇ１００柱凝胶过滤和ＤＥＡＥ－纤维素柱再层析分离纯化,得到ＳＤＳ－聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ）均一样品。用ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ测得纯化后β－甘露聚糖酶分子量为２６０００道尔顿。用凝胶等电聚焦电泳（ＰＡＧＥＩＥＦ）测得等电点ＰＩ为５．０。该酶     

中华大蟾蜍输卵管促受精因子的实验分析

在孕酮作用厂,切除卵巢的中华大蟾蜍输卵管上皮细胞不仅能够使外源移植的卵母细胞在输卵管中正常运行,还保证卵母细胞正常受精。根据输卵管卷曲部分泌物的ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ分析,存在依赖孕酮的３３ｋＤ蛋白质。经兔抗３３ｋＤ蛋白抗体处理具输卵管分泌物的卵母细胞,受精率受到显著抑制·提示该蛋白有促受精活性。输卵管分泌物介入受精涉及复杂的多种因子。     

大熊猫子宫钙调素的分离纯化和性质的研究

以大熊猫子宫为材料分离纯化了钙调素,经ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ,ＰＡＧＥ和等电聚焦电泳鉴定,表现均一。分子量为１８８００道尔顿,等电点为３．６。该蛋白质分子的Ｎ－末端为封闭的。大熊猫子宫钙调素具有其它来源钙调素所特有的一些性质。对环核苷酸磷酸二酯酶有明显的激活作用,还发现对超氧化物歧化酶也有一定激活作用。电泳行为受Ｃａ＾２＋影响而出现特征性电泳改变,在含有Ｃａ＾２＋的ＳＤＳ凝胶电泳中,电泳速度比ＥＧＴＡ存     

蛇毒蛋白C激活物的初步研究

目的：研究蝮蛇毒蛋白Ｃ激活物的分离纯化与理化性质。方法：经ＤＥ５２－纤维素、ＣＭ－Ｓｐｈａｄｅｘ Ｃ－５０、Ｇ－７５柱层析,从安徽芜湖产蝮蛇（Ａｇｋｉｓｔｒｏｄｏｎ ｈａｌｙｓ）蛇毒中纯化一种均一的蛋白Ｃ激活物（ＰＣＡ）。结果：ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ测定分子量约为１５５０００Ｄａ,ＩＥＦ－ＰＡＧＥ测定等电点为４．８。它能使人血浆的ＫＰＴＴ明显延长,显示出强烈的抗凝活性。通过中和试验与显色肽定量实验表明,     

一种与受精有关的人精子膜蛋白（BS—17）的分离纯化

本文盐分级分离,Ｍｏｎｏ Ｑ ＦＰＬＣ及ＳＤＳ－聚烯酰胺胶电泳（ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ）等方法从人精子ＣＨＡＰＳ抽提液中分离纯化出一种与不育病血清中抗精子抗体发生特异反应的ＢＳ－１７人精子膜蛋白。该蛋白为一糖蛋白,分子量为１７．５５±２．１５ｋＤ,等电点为５．６５,中性己糖含是为１６．６７％。在人精子上主要分布于顶体区域,不同于已有报导的人精子膜蛋白。在体外实验中抗ＢＳ－１７多克隆血清可以显著影响人精子     

尖吻蝮蛇蛇毒出血毒素的纯化与部分性质

目的　被尖吻蝮蛇 （ Ｄｉｅｎａｇｋｉｓｔｒｏｄｏｎ ａｃｕｔｕｓ） 咬伤会引起严重的出血, 对蛇毒出血毒素的研究有利于治疗蛇伤出血药物筛选。 方法　采用 Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ｇ７５, Ｄ Ｅ Ａ Ｅ Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ａ５０, Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ｇ２００ 和两次 Ｐ Ｂ Ｅ 聚焦层析纯化。 Ｓ Ｄ Ｓ Ｐ Ａ Ｇ Ｅ 电泳和等电聚焦电泳测定纯化样品的纯度和等电点。氨基酸组成用自动氨基酸分析仪测定。以小鼠背部皮下注射部位出血斑的面积来确定最小出血剂量和常规的方法测定酶活性。结果　从尖吻蝮蛇毒中纯化到一个相对分子量为５６ ０００ 的出血毒素 （ Ｄａ Ｈ Ｔ３）, 经氨基酸组成测定计算,它由 ４８７ 个氨基酸残基组成。此成分在 Ｓ Ｄ Ｓ Ｐ Ａ Ｇ Ｅ上显示出一条均一的蛋白染色带, 其ｐ Ｉ为５５０。该出血成分的最小出血剂量是 ２６μｇ, 具有蛋白水解酶活力, 其活力为 ３６８, 但没有精氨酯酶和磷脂酶 Ａ２ 活力。当加入 Ｅ Ｄ Ｔ Ａ 螯合剂去除金属离子后, 它们的出血活力和蛋白水解酶活力均丧失。 结论　这是从大陆尖吻蝮蛇毒中获得的一个新的出血金属蛋白酶 （ Ｄａ Ｈ Ｔ３）。     

凤凰木种子蛋白的分离提纯和生化性质

研究了植物凤凰木种子中的蛋白质成分,试图分离出新的核糖体失活蛋白,凤凰木种子经磷酸盐缓冲液抽提,硫酸铵分级盐析,分子筛和阴离子交换剂等多次柱层析,分离出三种组分ＤｒＩ,ＤｒⅡ和ＤｒⅢ．ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ和ＩＥＦ实验表明这三种蛋白质均达到单一纯,而ＨＰＬＣ实验则表明它们的纯度不低于９０％,它们的分子量据ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ和ＨＰＬＣ实验分别约２３５００、２６０００、２８５蛋０．ＩＥＦ实验测得三者的等电点均     

枯草芽孢杆菌中性内切β-甘露聚糖酶的纯化及性质

三草芽孢杆菌（Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｓｕｂｔｉｌｉｓ）ＢＭ９６０２产生的中性内切β－甘露聚糖酶（ｅｎｄｏ－β－１,４－Ｄ－ｍａｎｎａｎ ｍａｎｎａｎｏｈｙｄｒｏｌａｅｓ,ＥＣ,３．２．１．７８）经硫酸铵分级沉淀、ＤＥＡＥ－纤维素（ＤＥ２２）离子交换柱层析,得到电泳纯的样品,提纯了４５．５倍,收率为５．９％。用ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ测得该酶的分子量为３５ｋＤ。用ＰＡＧＥＩＥＦ测得其等电点ｐⅠ为４．５。酶反应的     

DAB诱发大白鼠肝癌过程中细胞质膜蛋白质双向电泳的研究

本实验以二甲基氨基偶氮苯（ＤＡＢ）诱发大白鼠肝癌的动物模型为材料,用电泳方法观察了在诱癌过程中中和肝癌形成后大白鼠肝细胞质膜上蛋白质的变化。肝细胞质膜蛋白ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ电泳图谱显示：在诱癌４周,１６周的肝细胞和肝细胞癌的细胞质膜蛋白与正常肝比较没有显著差异,胆管癌细胞质膜蛋白的ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ电泳图谱与正常肝细胞比较,在１５．８ＫＤ～６９．２ＫＤ的带群中新出现一条深染的蛋白带。用双向电泳法方法,     

Effect of estrus-associated glycoprotein and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 secreted by oviduct cells on in vitro bovine embryo development

The effect of two glycoproteins (estrus-associated glycoprotein [EGP] and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase [TIMP-1]) secreted by bovine oviduct cells on in vitro bovine embryo development was assessed. A first set of experiments was conducted to determine whether the embryotrophic activity of the bovine oviduct-conditioned medium (BOCM) was correlated with the presence of EGP or TIMP-1. EGP and TIMP-1 were detected in BOCM, supporting the development of 22% zygotes to the blastocyst stage, as well as in BOCM yielding a low blastocyst rate (3–4% blastocysts). These glycoproteins do not seem to be necessary for bovine embryo development up to the blastocyst stage in our BOCM. In a second experiment, zygotes were cultured in modified synthetic oviduct fluid (mSOF) supplemented with different concentrations (0.5, 5, 50, and 500 μg/ml) of purified bovine EGP. In the third experiment, since purified bovine TIMP-1 was not available, zygotes were cultured in BOCM depleted of TIMP-1 by immunoprecipitation treatment. Adding EGP to mSOF, or removing TIMP-1 from BOCM, did not affect bovine embryo development up to the blastocyst stage, or mean number of cells per blastocyst after 8 days of culture. The results indicate that, under our culture conditions, EGP and TIMP-1 do not play an important role in sustaining bovine embryo development, and do not influence blastocyst quality, assessed in terms of total number of cells per embryo. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 46:527–534, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

山羊发情相关输卵管糖蛋白(gEGP)基因的克隆

哺乳动物的输卵管精心设计了一个独特的液体环境 ,使得雌、雄性生殖细胞的运输及最终成熟、受精和早期胚胎发育能够顺利进行 .其中有一种源于分泌细胞的蛋白—发情相关的输卵管糖蛋白 (ｅｓｔｒｕｓ ａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｅｄｏｖｉｄｕｃｔｕａｌｇｌｙｃｏｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ ,ＥＧＰ) ,自从Ｓｕｔｔｏｎ等于 1984年首次在绵羊中发现的[1] ,在其他的物种中 ,如 ,狒狒、人、小鼠、猕猴、牛、羊、猪、仓鼠等 ,也都有发现[2 ,3 ,4] .虽然已有实验数据证明 ,当卵子经过输卵管时 ,它们可与卵子的透明带 (ｚｏｎａｐｅｌｌｕｃｉｄａ ,ＺＰ)和 或卵黄周…     

Ep-CAM: a human epithelial antigen is a homophilic cell-cell adhesion molecule

The epithelial glycoprotein 40 (EGP40, also known as GA733-2, ESA, KSA, and the 17-1A antigen), encoded by the GA-733-2 gene, is expressed on the baso-lateral cell surface in most human simple epithelia. The protein is also expressed in the vast majority of carcinomas and has attracted attention as a tumor marker. The function of the protein is unknown. We demonstrate here that EGP40 is an epithelium-specific intercellular adhesion molecule. The molecule mediates, in a Ca(2+)- independent manner, a homophilic cell-cell adhesion of murine cells transfected with the complete EGP40 cDNA. Two murine cell lines were tested for the effects of EGP40 expression: fibroblastic L cells and dedifferentiated mammary carcinoma L153S cells. The expression of the EGP40 protein causes morphological changes in cultures of transfected cells--increasing intercellular adhesion of the transfectants--and has a clear effect on cell aggregating behavior in suspension aggregation assays. EGP40 directs sorting in mixed cell populations, in particular, causes segregation of the transfectants from the corresponding parental cells. EGP40 expression suppresses invasive colony growth of L cells in EHS-matrigel providing tight adhesions between cells in growing colonies. EGP40 can thus be considered a new member of the intercellular adhesion molecules. In its biological behavior EGP40 resembles to some extent the molecules of the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), although no immunoglobulin-like repeats are present in the EGP40 molecule. Certain structural similarities in general organization of the molecule exist between EGP40 and the lin-12/Notch proteins. A possible role of this adhesion molecule in formation of architecture of epithelial tissues is discussed. To reflect the function of the molecule the name Ep-CAM for EGP40 seems appropriate.     

Ethanolamine Glycerophospholipid Formation by Decarboxylation of Serine Glycerophospholipids in Myelinating Organ Cultures of Cerebellum

Abstract: Serine decarboxylation as a source of glycer-ophospholipid ethanolamine is known to occur in mammals. However, early investigators failed to demonstrate the pathway in brain. In the present study serine is shown to be decarboxylated to glycerophospholipid ethanolamine in myelinating organ cultures of rat cerebellum up to 32 days in vitro. The pattern of incorporation of l -[3-¹⁴C]serine into culture phospholipids strongly suggests a precursor-product relationship between serine glycero-phospholipids (SGP) and ethanolamine glycerophospho-lipids (EGP), with serine label appearing in the ethanolamine moiety of EGP. The time course of labelling was similar for both acid-stable and acid-labile EGP In contrast DL-[l-¹⁴C]serine failed to label EGP significantly due to the loss of serine carbon C₁ on decarboxylation. Through the systematic hydrolysis of phospholipids from cerebellar cultures incubated with l -[3-¹⁴C], it was clear that in SGP, acid-stable EGP, and acid-labile EGP >70% of radiolabel resides in the base moiety of each of these molecular species. It is proposed that serine decarboxylation as a source of EGP ethanolamine may be important in the early stages of brain development.     

Oligodendroglial Glycerophospholipid Synthesis: Incorporation of Radioactive Precursors into Ethanolamine Glycerophospholipids by Calf Oligodendroglia Prepared by a Percoll Procedure and Maintained in Suspension Culture

Abstract: Oligodendroglia prepared from minced calf cerebral white matter by trypsinization at pH 7.4, screening, and isosmotic Percoll (polyvinylpyr-rolidone-coated silica gel) density gradient centrifugation survived in culture on polylysine-coated glass, extending processes and maintaining phenotypic characteristics of oligodendroglia. In the present study, ethanolamine glycerophospholipid (EGP) metabolism of the freshly isolated cells was examined during short-term suspension culture by dual label time course and substrate concentration dependence experiments with [2-³H]glycerol and either [1,2-¹⁴C]ethanolamine or L-[U-¹⁴C]serine. Rates of incorporation of ³H from the glycerol and of ¹⁴C from the ethanolamine into EGP were constant for 14 h. In medium containing 3 mM-[1,2-¹⁴C]ethanolamine and 4.8 mM-[2-³H]glycerol, rates of incorporation of ¹⁴C and ³H into diacyl glycerophosphoethanolamine (diacyl GPE) were similar. Under the same conditions, ³H specific activities of alkylacyl GPE and alkenylacyl GPE were much lower than ¹⁴C specific activities, likely as a result of the loss of tritium during synthesis of these forms of EGP via dihydroxyacetone phosphate. L-[U-¹⁴C]serine was incorporated into serine glycerophospholipid (SGP) by base exchange rather than de novo synthesis. ¹⁴C from L-[U-¹⁴C]serine also appeared in EGP after an initial lag period of several hours. Methylation of oligodendroglial EGP to choline glycerophospholipid (CGP) was not detected.     

Purification and further characterization of a glycoprotein from the skin mucus of Japanese eels

A glycoprotein (EGP) was purified from the skin mucus of Japanese eel Anguilla japonica . Apparent average molecular mass of the EGP was estimated to be 500 000. The EGP was found to contain 30·8% NeuAc, 26·4% GalNAc, 6·4% Gal, 0·4% NeuGc and 25·1% Thr‐rich protein. EGP was treated with alkaline borohydride for the release of carbohydrate chains (oligosaccharide alditols). Three carbohydrate chains were isolated from the released carbohydrate chains by Sephadex G‐25 (superfine) gel filtration and HPLC. Using ¹H‐NMR spectroscopy, methylation analysis and glycosidase digestion, the structures of the three carbohydrate chains were determined to be NeuAcα2→6GalNAc‐ ol , NeuAcα2→3GalNAc‐ ol and NeuAcα2→6(GalNAcα1→3)GalNAc‐ ol . An overall structure for the sialoglycoprotein from the skin mucus is proposed: the molecule is considered to consist of highly glycosylated 10 glycopeptide units (containing >40 carbohydrate chains) that are linked to the hydroxyl amino acids and spaced on average two amino acids apart.     

Marek's Disease Herpesviruses I. Production and Preliminary Characterization of Marek's Disease Herpesvirus A Antigen

A method was developed for the large-scale production of Marek's disease herpesvirus A antigen in duck embryo fibroblast roller bottle cultures in quantities sufficient to permit its purification and characterization. Maximum yield was obtained in serum-free culture medium harvested daily. The Marek's disease herpesvirus A antigen was stable at pH 2.0 and was a glycoprotein based on its sensitivity to trypsin, specific immune co-precipitation of radioactive amino acids and glucosamine, and detection of radioactive glucosamine by immunodiffusion and autoradiography. The antigen aggregated and lost titer upon storage but dissociated readily and regained titer in 1 or 2 M urea and 0.05% Brij 35. Fresh unaggregated antigen or antigen dissociated with urea and Brij 35 sedimented at 3.7S on sucrose gradients. The apparent molecular weight of the glycoprotein antigen was estimated to be 44,800 by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 in the presence of 2 M urea and 0.05% Brij 35.     

The Epstein-Barr virus encoded membrane protein (LMP) induces phenotypic changes in epithelial cells

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded membrane protein, LMP, is expressed in a proportion of undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPC). Previous studies have shown that the transfection of the gene encoding LMP into a human keratinocyte line, RHEK-1, induces morphological alterations and a reduced expression of cytokeratins. We have analyzed immunophenotypic changes in the RHEK-1 line following LMP-transfection and compared these changes with the phenotype of NPC biopsies. We demonstrate a downregulation of two epithelial markers, an epithelial glycoprotein (EGP) defined by the monoclonal antibody Ber-EP4 and the epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). Furthermore, a lymphocyte activation-associated antigen, CDw70 antigen, which was absent from the parental line was expressed in virtually all LMP-transfected cells, whereas no similar effect was seen with respect to the CD30 activation antigen. Nine EBV-positive human NPCs, six of which were LMP-positive expressed the EGP and EMA. The CDw70 antigen, which is not normally present in epithelial cells, was expressed in eight biopsies, whereas the CD30 antigen was not detectable. Our findings are in keeping with the notion that LMP expression may contribute to the immunophenotype of human NPCs.     

Inhibition of lipolysis causes suppression of endogenous glucose production independent of changes in insulin

We have shown that insulin controls endogenous glucose production (EGP) indirectly, via suppression of adipocyte lipolysis. Free fatty acids (FFA) and EGP are suppressed proportionately, and when the decline in FFA is prevented during insulin infusion, suppression of EGP is also prevented. The present study tested the hypothesis that suppression of lipolysis under conditions of constant insulin would yield a suppression of EGP. N(6)-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) was used to selectively suppress adipocyte lipolysis during euglycemic clamps in conscious male dogs. FFA suppression by CHA caused suppression of EGP. Liposyn control experiments, which maintained FFA levels above basal during CHA infusion, completely prevented the decline in EGP, whereas glycerol control experiments, which maintained glycerol levels close to basal, did not prevent a decline in EGP. These controls suggest that the EGP suppression was secondary to the suppression of FFA levels specifically. A difference in the sensitivity of FFA and EGP suppression (FFA were suppressed approximately 85% whereas EGP only declined approximately 40%) was possibly caused by confounding effects of CHA, including an increase in catecholamine and glucagons levels during CHA infusion. Thus suppression of lipolysis under constant insulin causes suppression of EGP, despite a significant rise in catecholamines.     

Effects of in vitro production on horse embryo morphology,cytoskeletal characteristics,and blastocyst capsule formation

Blastocyst formation rates during horse embryo in vitro production (IVP) are disappointing, and embryos that blastulate in culture fail to produce the characteristic and vital glycoprotein capsule. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of IVP on horse embryo development and capsule formation. IVP embryos were produced by intracytoplasmic sperm injection of in vitro matured oocytes and either culture in synthetic oviduct fluid (SOF) or temporary transfer to the oviduct of a ewe. Control embryos were flushed from the uterus of mares 6-9 days after ovulation. Embryo morphology was evaluated with light microscopy, and multiphoton scanning confocal microscopy was used to examine the distribution of microfilaments (AlexaFluor-Phalloidin stained) and the rate of apoptosis (cells with fragmented or terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling-positive nuclei). To examine the influence of culture on capsule formation, conceptuses were stained with a monoclonal antibody specific for capsular glycoproteins (OC-1). The blastocyst rate was higher for zygotes transferred to a sheep's oviduct (16%) than for those cultured in SOF (6.3%). Day 7 IVP embryos were small and compact with relatively few cells, little or no blastocoele, and an indistinct inner cell mass. IVP embryos had high percentages of apoptotic cells (10% versus 0.3% for in vivo embryos) and irregularly distributed microfilaments. Although they secreted capsular glycoproteins, the latter did not form a normal capsule but instead permeated into the zona pellucida or remained in patches on the trophectodermal surface. These results demonstrate that the initial layer of capsule is composed of OC-1-reactive glycoproteins and that embryo development ex vivo is retarded and aberrant, with capsule formation failing as a result of failed glycoprotein aggregation.