用NOAA气象卫星的AVHRR遥感资料估算中国的净第一性生产力

重点研究用气象卫星ＡＶＨＲＲ遥感方法估算目前中国的净第一性生产力（ＮＰＰ）水平。ＡＶＨＲＲ可见光通道和近红外通道组合成的标准化差植被指数（ＮＤＶＩ）,既是监测植被生长好坏的参量,也是计算净第一性生产力的重要参量。介绍了用遥感统计模型计算ＮＰＰ的方法,获得了一系列结果。将遥感方法计算的ＮＰＰ与气候模型计算的ＮＰＰ进行了比较,证明两者有一定的可比性。计算净第一性生产力需要全年的ＮＤＶＩ,因此对卫星资料处理技术也作了介绍     

塔里木盆地北部盐化草甸植被净第一性生产力模型研究

根据野外实测的植被生产力资料及计算所得的测定样地地下水潜水蒸发量数据。建立了估算塔里木盆地北部盐化草甸植被净第一性生产力（ＮＰＰ）的模型：Ｙ＝０．０３２４＋０．００３７Ｅ。（１－ｈ／ｈ。）＾２该模型表明：在一定的气候和土壤条件下,盐化草甸植被净第一性生产力随地下水埋深的增加而逐渐下降,对模型的灵敏度分析表明,当地下水埋深ｈ〈３．３ｍ时,盐化草甸植被净第一性生产力对地下埋深的变化不甚敏感,ｈ每变化１     

中国潜在植被生产力的分布与模拟

利用中国植被净第一性生产力ＮＰＰ（ｎｅｔｐｒｉｍａｒｙｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｖｉｔｙ）的散点测量数据及中国一般气象站气候记录资料,并根据附近气象站数据进行地理位置相关插值,采用Ｐｅｎｍａｎ方法计算潜在蒸散,用Ｔｈｏｒｎｔｈｗａｉｔｅ的土壤水分处理方法,计算了ＮＰＰ测定位点的水分平衡。结果表明ＮＰＰ与生长季实际蒸散、总蒸散、潜在蒸散显著相关,与干燥度成负相关。从生长季的实际蒸散、干燥度指标两参数出发,建立了ＷＢＩＮＰＰ模型：ＮＰＰ＝２．５５·ＧＡＥ·ｅ－４．２０９２２－１．９６６５ＡＩ。该模型考虑了植被生产力形成机制,与ＮＰＰ实测值相关性高达０．８４２,高于国际上著名ＮＰＰ模型Ｍｉａｍｉ模型、ＴｈｏｒｎｔｈｗａｉｔｅＭｅｍｏｒｉａｌ模型和Ｃｈｉｋｕｇｏ模型（相关系数为０．６５５～０．７３２）。最后利用ＥＩＳ软件对全国潜在ＮＰＰ分布格局进行了分析,从东南到西北逐渐减少,最大值出现在海南和台湾,大于２２ｔ·ｈｍ－２·ａ－１,长江中下游地区１２～１６ｔ·ｈｍ－２·ａ－１,华北平原为８～１２ｔ·ｈｍ－２·ａ－１,东北地区为４～８ｔ·ｈｍ－２·ａ－１;草原地区为２ｔ·ｈｍ－２·ａ－１左右,干旱荒漠小于２ｔ·ｈｍ－２·ａ－１。     

北半球高纬度地区气候变化对植被的影响途径和机制

根据标准化植被指数（ＮＤＶＩ）探讨了植被功能的地带特征及其与温度梯度的关系。结果表明在北半球高纬度地区ＮＤＶＩ的年最大值以及该值出现的时间与温度之间存在密切的相在,但共定量关系因纬度而异,在较高纬度地带,两个参数对温度的反应更为敏感,由于这种温度作用的不均衡,气温的增加将可能导致较高纬度地带的植被在物候和生产力上更加接近较低纬度带上的植被,其结果是使大气ＣＯ２季节振幅增大,同时季节谷值出现的时间提     

重庆石灰岩植被的排序及其结果解释

重庆石灰岩植被的排序及其结果解释杜道林,刘玉成（西南师范大学生物系,重庆,６３０７１５）ＯＲＤＩＡＴＩＯＮＡＮＤＥＮＶＩＲＯＮＭＥＮＴＡＬＩＮＴＥＲＰＲＥＴＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＴＨＥＣＡＬＣＡＲＥＯＵＳＶＥＧＥＴＡＴＩＯＮＩＮＣＨＯＮＧＱＩＮＧ￥ＤｕＤａｏ...     

陆地植被净第一性生产力的研究

回顾了当前国内外陆地植被净第一性生产力（ＮＰＰ） 的研究现状，分析了３ 种生产力模型（ 气候相关模型、过程模型和光能利用率模型） 在应用于全球和区域生产力研究时的长处及不足：气候相关模型在气候变化研究中应用比较多，但计算的只是潜在ＮＰＰ；过程模型着重于植物生长的生理生态过程，但过于复杂，模型中的参数不易获得；光能利用率模型因为可直接利用遥感数据成为ＮＰＰ模型发展的一个主要方面．对国内ＮＰＰ的研究及遥感手段在ＮＰＰ研究中的应用进行了分析．     

基于NOAA／AVHRR数据的中国主要植被类型NDVI变化规律研究

在遥感（ＲＳ）、地理信息系统（ＧＩＳ）、全球定位系统（ＧＰＳ）———３Ｓ支持下,利用连续时间序列的１ｋｍ×１ｋｍ分辨率的ＮＯＡＡＡＶＨＲＲ数字影像,通过主分量分析和非监督分类,对中国植被进行了宏观分类。在多种基础图件的支持下,结合归一化植被指数（ＮＤＶＩ）年内季节变化规律,分出３５个植被类型,９个植被型组。通过重建不同植被类型ＮＤＶＩ特征值１０年的时间变化序列,划分出４个内部各类型ＮＤＶＩ变化过程具有相对一致性的区域（二级区域）,明显的呈现从东南到西北的带状分布。再逐级归并,产生两个变化的一级区域。区域的界线基本与我国三大自然区域的东部季风区西北部的界线相吻合。进而从ＮＤＶＩ动态变化的角度进行了区划,包括２个一级区域,９个二级区域,进一步阐明了中国植被ＮＤＶＩ动态变化的区域差异。     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒S1基因在昆虫细胞中表达水平初探

将含有鸡传染性支气管炎病毒 Ｓ１ 基因ｃ Ｄ Ｎ Ａ 的重组转移质粒ｐ Ｓ Ｘ Ｉ Ｖ Ｖ Ｉ＋ Ｘ３ Ｓ１ ． Ｈｏｌｔｅ 和ｐ Ｓ Ｘ Ｉ Ｖ Ｖ Ｉ＋ Ｘ３／４ Ｓ１ ． Ｈｏｌｔｅ 分别与粉纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒 Ｔｎ Ｎ Ｐ Ｖ Ｓ Ｖ Ｉ－ Ｇ Ｄ Ｎ Ａ（ Ｏ Ｃ Ｃ－ ,ｇａｌ＋ ） 共转染草地夜蛾（ Ｓｆ９） 细胞,经空斑纯化得到重组病毒 Ｔｎ Ｎ Ｐ Ｖ（ Ｘ３） Ｓ１ ． Ｈｏｌｔｅ Ｏ Ｃ Ｃ＋ 和 Ｔｎ Ｎ Ｐ Ｖ（ Ｘ３／４） Ｓ１ ． Ｈｏｌｔｅ Ｏ Ｃ Ｃ＋ 。将重组毒株分别感染 Ｔｎ５ Ｂ１ 细胞,并进行 Ｓ Ｄ Ｓ Ｐ Ａ Ｇ Ｅ 与 Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ 检测。结果表明, Ｔｎ Ｎ Ｐ Ｖ（ Ｘ３／４） Ｓ１ ． Ｈｏｌｔｅ Ｏ Ｃ Ｃ＋ 在感染的细胞中高效表达了 Ｓ１ 蛋白, Ｓ Ｄ Ｓ Ｐ Ａ Ｇ Ｅ 凝胶薄层色谱分析结果显示,感染病毒后７２ ｈ Ｓ１ 蛋白的表达量占细胞内总蛋白量的３５ ．８ ％ ,而 Ｔｎ Ｎ Ｐ Ｖ（ Ｘ３） Ｓ１ ． Ｈｏｌｔｅ Ｏ Ｃ Ｃ＋ 感染的细胞内检测不出 Ｓ１ 蛋白。经分析认为这一差异主要来自 Ｓ１ 基因翻译起始位点及其附近的周围环境。     

黄土高原地区提取植被信息方法的研究

研究评价了适于黄土高原地区植被信息提取的最佳植被指数和方法。该地区分布有落叶阔叶林、草原和荒漠,植被类型丰富多样。然而土壤背景对植被信息提取有较大影响。经对比分析,修正后的土壤调节植被指数（ＭＳＡＶＩ）, 不仅能增强植被信号,并能大大减小土壤背景的影响,同时又能宏观地反映该地区植被类型的分布状况。它是黄土高原地区目前提取植被信息较好的植被指数。标准化差值植被指数（ＮＤＶＩ）、土壤调节植被指数（ＳＡＶＩ）和垂直植被指数（ＰＶＩ）分别适用于高密度、中等密度和稀少植被地区植被信息的提取和监测。各种植被指数多时象累加产生的图像能较好地提取植被信息     

GIS和RS支持下广东省植被吸收PAR的估算及其时空分布

在ＧＩＳ和ＲＳ支持下,利用地面气象数据和ＤＯＡＡ－ＡＶＨＲＲＮＤＶＩ数据估计了广东省植被在１９９２－０４～１９９３－０３间吸收的ＰＡＲ,并分析了其时空分布特征以及不同类型植被对ＰＡＲ的吸收特征,结果表明,在此期间,广东省植被年ＡＰＡＲ介于０～１５７５ＭＪ／ｍ＾２ａ之间,其最大ＮＰＰ不及全球最高值的一半,并且,广东省年ＡＰＡＲ的时空变化显著,这主要与植被自身性质和太阳辐射的时空变化有关,即使是常绿阔     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.