光动力治疗光源的研究新进展

光动力疗法(PDT)是一种联合利用治疗光源、光敏剂和氧分子,选择性治疗恶性肿瘤和良性疾病的精准靶向疗法。光源作为PDT治疗的关键要素之一,其发光波长、照光方式和剂量直接影响疗效。本文详细介绍了太阳光、近红外光、X射线、在体发光和发光二极管等5种PDT光源的研究新进展,并分析了这五种治疗光源在生物组织穿透深度上的不同特性以及所存在的不足。随后,重点讨论了以提高PDT治疗精度为目标的体表照光和体内照光等两种个性化照光模式。研发操作简便、价格低廉、性能优异的新型PDT光源是未来的发展方向。     

用侧向光源进行前列腺光声扫描成像的研究（英文）

光声成像技术是近年来兴起的前列腺早期检测与成像的新技术。前列腺组织的结构特征需要一种无创的且光穿透深度足够大的光声激发方式。本文设计了一种可用于经由尿道对前列腺光辐照的侧向光源,并结合直肠处长焦区聚焦式超声换能器的光声探测展开了前列腺仿体的光声扫描成像。结果表明,侧向光源有利于单侧吸收体的定位和成像,具有较好的成像范围和深度,结合侧向光源的旋转可实现全方位成像。因此该侧向光源有望成为早期前列腺肿瘤光声成像技术中一种新型的光源结构,具有重要意义。     

用侧向光源进行前列腺光声扫描成像的研究

光声成像技术是近年来兴起的前列腺早期检测与成像的新技术.前列腺组织的结构特征需要一种无创的且光穿透深度足够大的光声激发方式.本文设计了一种可用于经由尿道对前列腺光辐照的侧向光源,并结合直肠处长焦区聚焦式超声换能器的光声探测展开了前列腺仿体的光声扫描成像.结果表明,侧向光源有利于单侧吸收体的定位和成像,具有较好的成像范围和深度,结合侧向光源的旋转可实现全方位成像.因此该侧向光源有望成为早期前列腺肿瘤光声成像技术中一种新型的光源结构,具有重要意义.     

基于超声驱动磁性纳米粒子的肿瘤细胞灭杀

磁性纳米粒子肿瘤热疗技术是目前国际上肿瘤研究的热点.本文提出了一种基于超声驱动磁性纳米粒子(UDMNP)运动进行肿瘤细胞灭杀的新技术,实现磁性纳米粒子的肿瘤治疗.系统研究了肝癌肿瘤细胞HepG2的治疗效果,在一定超声频率下,改变超声功率和超声作用时间,UDMNP具有明显灭杀效果.实验结果显示,较小超声功率下,肿瘤细胞损伤较小,随着超声功率增加,UDMNP对肿瘤细胞表现出明显的灭杀作用.同时,随着作用时间增加,同一超声功率驱动下UDMNP对细胞的灭杀效果也明显提高,光学显微镜观察到细胞形态发生明显变化.本文提出的UDMNP肿瘤细胞灭杀方法的显著优势是减少了化学毒性和有害辐射,是一种物理性机械损伤技术,对促进磁性纳米粒子的临床医学应用有重要意义.     

蒙特卡罗模拟多束光辐照下生物组织中的光吸收分布

用蒙特卡罗方法模拟了均匀分布光和高斯分布光在生物组织内的传播。通过比较单束以及多束均匀分布光和高斯分布光照射下组织内的光子能量分布规律,分析了不同光源和光斑大小对光吸收分布的影响。结果表明:与均匀光束比较,高斯光束辐照时,激光能量较为集中,但侧向传播范围较窄。在总功率相同的情况下,使用单束大功率宽光源与多束功率较小的小光斑光源均能明显地增大光的侧向传播距离,但使用多束功率较小的小光斑光辐照时生物组织中的最大光吸收率增大。多束组合光源光束间距对光吸收分布影响很大。     

420～750 nm超连续谱光源和532 nm激光致兔视网膜损伤修复

超连续谱(SC)光源是一种宽光谱、高亮度、眼睛危害大的新光源,有关它致视网膜损伤研究却未见报道。为了观察SC光源致视网膜损伤特点和修复过程,试验将波长420～750 nm的SC光源与532 nm激光进行比较,采用两者平行光入射,在0. 1 s照射时间,3 mm角膜光斑直径条件下,用略高于视网膜损伤阈值的功率照射青紫蓝灰兔视网膜;通过检眼镜和HE染色观察视网膜照后4 h,1、3、7、14 d损伤修复过程。SC光源和532 nm激光致视网膜的损伤在检眼镜下为灰色小圆斑。照后4 h出现视网膜外核层固缩深染,感光细胞外节与视网膜色素上皮层(RPE)粘连;随后RPE层色素增生、损伤的外核层细胞丢失,损伤进行性加重; 3 d后色素细胞开始向外核层和内核层迁移,胶质细胞填充损伤区域。由此可见,波长420～750 nm的SC光源主要损伤视网膜外核层和RPE层,后期色素颗粒和胶质细胞填充损伤区域。其视网膜损伤特点和修复过程与532 nm激光类似。     

一种模拟昆虫视觉系统并行信息处理功能的光学实现

本文提出了一种新的模拟生物视觉神经系统并行信息处理功能的光学方法,它采用了昆虫复眼透镜阵列处理器和非相干光源实现图像矩阵正交变换,它为光神经计算提供了一种可能实现的新途径.     

经咬嘴或面罩呼吸时外加阻力性负荷所致呼吸型式变化的比较

以9名健康男青年为对象,采用2×2×4析因实验设计和析因方差分析,比较了经咬嘴或面罩呼吸条件下、分别增大吸气相或呼气相阻力(阻力值78、113、213 mmH_2O.L~(-1)·s)对口腔压力,克服外加阻力消耗的额外呼吸功率和呼吸气体流率,流量、时相持续时间等共18项呼吸生理指标的影响。结果表明:无论采用何种呼吸装置,均见施于某一时相的阻力可引起该相的口腔压力值及呼吸功率增加、气体流率降低、时相持续时间延长;另一相的气体流率及功率则可能增加。施加于不同时相的阻力皆引起潮气量加大、呼吸频率减慢,但以呼气阻力引起者更为严重。口腔压力、克服阻力消耗的功率以及呼、吸气时间的三种比值(T_I/T_E,T_I/T_c、T_E/T_c)分别与阻力施加时相及阻力值呈高度相关关系。 本实验还观察到使用不同呼吸装置可影响机械负荷作用下的呼吸型式反应:戴面罩条件下,增大阻力性负荷时的肺通气量及额外吸气功率普遍高于咬嘴组,而阻力负荷引起的气体流率及呼、吸气时间变动程度则均不及咬嘴组严重。前一种影响与使用面罩时外加死腔容积较大有关;后者可能反映两种条件下呼吸中枢的驱动机制及时间控制机制的活动情况不同。     

视网膜单细胞成像技术研究

建立了一台基于37单元变形镜、Shack-hartman波前像差传感器和12位科研级CCD相机的自适应光学视网膜相机。采用一个中心波长为679nm的超辐射二极管(SLD)作为相机的光源,通过将超辐射二极管和多模光纤耦合,显著减小了SLD光源的空间相干性,从而消除了散斑噪声对成像的影响。多模光纤的输出提供了一种高亮度、均匀照明的光源,使人眼视网膜单细胞成像的速度达到4．8幅／秒。     

提高人类表现的动态光照明（英文）

讨论了基于LED和荧光灯光源以及有无紫外线光谱的动态光照明的分类和应用。介绍了基于荧光灯的动态光照明历史。并讨论了发光二极管技术应用于动态光照明的原因。综述了动态光照影响人体皮质醇,褪黑素,警觉性,体温和情绪的作用机理。并介绍紫外线照射的安全标准。提出了一种理想的动态光照明,此种动态光考虑显色指数,色温,光照度,光谱结构和动态变化。     

Cross prediction studies on spring barley

Summary The genetical and environmental control of three height characters, two maturity characters and neck length in five barley pair crosses was studied using both F₂ triple test cross and model fitting analysis.Significant additive and dominance effects were found for all six characters with some evidence of epistasis for each character. Generally, dominance was incomplete for the height characters but was significantly directional for increased height in those crosses where dwarfing genes were segregating. Variable dominance effects were found for both the maturity characters. Complete dominance was found in three cases, otherwise incomplete dominance was found. Significant directional dominance for earliness was found for both maturity characters in one cross but this was attributed to the presence of a daylength insensitivity factor in one of the parents. Most of the genetic variation for neck length was additive, though some evidence of dominance was found.Broad sense and narrow sense heritability estimates generally were found to be high for the height and maturity characters but low for neck length. It was concluded that early generation selection for height at ear emergence, for final height and for awn emergence was worthwhile. Early generation selection for neck length was not recommended from the results of this study.     

桔梗新病害——匍柄霉叶斑病的病原生物学特性及药剂敏感性分析

桔梗匍柄霉叶斑病是近年来发现的新病害,病原菌为桔梗匍柄霉Stemphylium platycodontis。为了更好地了解病害的发生规律,本研究对该病原菌的生物学特性及药剂敏感性进行了分析。结果表明：25℃为该病原菌的最适生长温度和产孢温度;菌丝生长最适pH值为4,而最适合产孢的pH值为8;24h黑暗处理,对病原菌的菌丝生长和产孢都最有利;PCA培养基对菌丝生长最有利,而桔梗汁液培养基对病原菌产孢最有利;可溶性淀粉对菌丝生长最有利,而蔗糖最利于病原菌产孢;乙酰铵对病原菌生长及产孢都最有利;26.8μg/mL氟硅唑对桔梗匍柄霉的抑制效果最好,毒力持效性最强。     

Callus Culture and Gentiopicroside Formation in Gentiana manshurica Kitag.

Suitable medium for callus growth and gentiopicroside formation of Gentiana manshurica Kitag. was studied employing orthogonal design and monofactorial experiment. The results showed that combination of NAA 1 mg/L +KT 0.5 mg/L was best for callus growth, while NAA lmg/L, is the suitable phytohormone for gentiopicroside formation. B5 medium was suitable for callus growth while MS medium was suitable for gentiopicroside formation. The experiment of orthogonal design indicates that NH4+/NO3-, K+, Ca2+ and sucrose were the factors significantly affecting fresh weight, dry weight and gentiopicroside content of callus. However, the level of some factors for callus growth was different from that for gentiopicroside formation. In 18 different media, No. 7 was best for callus growth and No.10 medium was best for gentiopicroside formation.     

Cultural properties of a luminous mushroom,Mycena chlorophos

Cultural conditions on mycelial growth and fruit-body formation ofMycena chlorophos were studied. The optimum temperature of the mycelial growth was 27°C and the optimum initial pH of medium was 4.0. Peptone agar medium was suitable for the spawn culture. Compost medium containing rice bran at 10% (fw/fw) was appropriate for fruitbody formation in the Petri dish. Light was essential for initiation of primordia, and low-temperature treatment induced fruit-body formation effectively. The optimum conditions for fruit-body formation were found to be the cultivation at 27°C for 4 wk and continued cultivation for 3 wk under illumination at an intensity above 0.2 lx and at 21°C after casing with moist compost powder. In the fruit-bodies obtained, the maximum photosensitive wavelength of luminescence was 522 nm and the optimum temperature for emission was 27°C. The luminescence of a fruit-body was observed for about 3 d consecutively at 21°C.     

荧光定量PCR检测人巨细胞病毒的方法学建立

目的建立人巨细胞病毒（HCMV）的TaqMan MGB探针荧光定量PCR（FQ—PCR）检测方法。方法选取HCMV MIE exon4为PCR扩增靶序列,经TA克隆构建重组质粒作为定量标准品,经FQ—PCR反应条件的优化及方法学评价,再将其应用于临床检测。结果FQ—PCR最适循环参数为：95℃ 5 min;95℃ 20 s,60℃ 60 s（40 cycles）,20μl最适反应体系为：2．0mmol／L Mg^2＋、0．5μmol／L引物、1．5μmol／L探针、200μmol／L dNTP、2110×buffer、1．0 U Taq酶、2．0μl DNA模板。检测批内CV（变异系数）值为1．32％,批间CV值为1．96％;特异性较好;线性范围为10^2-10^8copies／μl。结论成功地建立了检测HCMV的FQ—PCR法,完全适用于临床检测。     

中国西南季风常绿阔叶林不同恢复阶段凋落物动态分析

为探索季风常绿阔叶林不同恢复阶段群落凋落物产量及其动态变化规律,于云南普洱地区通过设置凋落物承接网并定期收集网内的凋落物,对中国西南季风常绿阔叶林区不同恢复阶段群落凋落物产量及其动态变化进行研究。结果表明:(1)不同恢复阶段季风常绿阔叶林年凋落物总量在8 133.1~8 798.3kg/hm2之间,年凋落物总量大小关系为恢复30年群落老龄林群落恢复40年群落。其中叶凋落量最高,其次为枝凋落量,两者贡献量超过总凋落量的3/4。(2)季风常绿阔叶林不同恢复阶段群落中凋落物随时间的动态变化趋势大致相同,2月份达到高峰值,随后逐渐减少,在9月份降至最低,随后又有所升高,为单峰或多峰曲线;在不同凋落物组分凋落量时间动态上,不同恢复阶段群落叶凋落量随月份变化均为单峰曲线;枝凋落量在恢复群落中为单峰曲线,而在老龄林中则为多峰曲线;皮凋落量随月份的变化在恢复30年及老龄林群落间均为单峰曲线,但在恢复40年群落中为平缓曲线,月份间变化不大;繁殖体凋落物在恢复30年及老龄林群落间均为多峰曲线,但在恢复40年群落中为单峰曲线;半分解物凋落量在恢复30年及老龄林群落中随月份呈单峰曲线,在恢复40年群落中则为多峰曲线。(3)在短刺栲、刺栲和红木荷3种优势物种中,短刺栲叶片年凋落量在所有群落中均最大(分别占恢复30年群落的53.93%、恢复40年群落的47.83%、老龄林的28.32%),红木荷次之(分别占恢复30年群落的8.45%、恢复40年群落的10.71%、老龄林的31.69%),刺栲最少(分别占恢复30年群落的6.1%、恢复40年群落的7.53%、老龄林的6.36%)。短刺栲叶凋落量随月份的变化在恢复群落中呈单峰曲线,而在老龄林中则呈现多峰曲线;红木荷在3种群落中则均为单峰曲线;刺栲则是在恢复30年及老龄林中呈单峰曲线,而在恢复40年群落中呈多峰曲线。     

Detection of low-molecular weight allergens resolved on two-dimensional electrophoresis with acid-urea polyacrylamide gel

Two-dimensional electrophoresis with immobilized pH gradient (IPG) followed by acetic acid/urea-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (AU-PAGE) was developed for the detection of low-molecular weight food allergens. Wheat proteins were used to test the applicability of AU-PAGE for the analysis of food allergens. Isoelectric focusing (IEF) for first dimension was performed with IPG pH 3-10. AU-PAGE was performed as a second-dimensional electrophoresis and high resolution was obtained, especially for proteins below 15 kDa. For immunodetection, the proteins resolved on AU gel were transferred to a polyvinylidene difluoride membrane. The assembly of semidry electroblotting for AU gel was set reversed as for sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-PAGE gel. The electroblotted membrane was immunolabeled with serum from a radio-allergosorbent test-positive individual for wheat to identify allergenic proteins. Protein spots strongly recognized by the patient's serum were chosen for further analysis. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that these proteins were alpha-amylase/trypsin inhibitors and lipid transfer protein. The system developed in this study was shown to be useful as a standard protocol for the separation of low-molecular weight proteins. Moreover, the IPG strips on which IEF was performed could be used either for SDS-PAGE or AU-PAGE by only changing equilibrating conditions, allowing for a wide range of allergen analysis.     

Simultaneous quantification of alprazolam, 4- and alpha-hydroxyalprazolam in plasma samples using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry

A sensitive and specific method was developed for quantification of alprazolam and its two metabolites 4-hydroxyalprazolam and alpha-hydroxyalprazolam in plasma. The work up procedure was solid phase extraction. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used for separation, detection and quantification of the analytes. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 0.05 ng/mL for alprazolam and the two metabolites. The extraction recovery was more than 82% for alprazolam and its metabolites. The within- and between-assay coefficients of variation were in the range of 1.9-17.9%. The method was used for determination of the pharmacokinetics parameters of alprazolam and its two metabolites in healthy Caucasian subjects who ingested 1mg of alprazolam.     

GC 法测定丙酮酸乙酯注射液中EP 的含量

目的:建立测定丙酮酸乙酯的含量测定方法。方法:采用气相色谱法,以环戊酮为内标物。色谱柱为VARIAN CP7502(25 m×0.25 mm×0.25μm),柱温115℃,进样口温度210℃,FID检测器温度210℃,氮气(载气)流量为30 ml.min-1;氢气(燃气)流量为40 ml.min-1;空气(助燃气)流量为400 ml.min-1,分流比1:100。结果:EP进样浓度在0.50035 mg.ml-1～9.0063 mg.ml-1范围内与峰面积积分呈良好的线性关系(r2=0.9996),平均加样回收率为99.76%,RSD为0.46%。结论:本方法简便、快速、准确、重复性好,可用于丙酮酸乙酯注射液的质量控制。     

Development of a mathematical model for evaluating the dynamics of normal and apoptotic Chinese hamster ovary cells

A metabolic flux based methodology was developed for modeling the metabolism of a Chinese hamster ovary cell line. The elimination of insignificant fluxes resulted in a simplified metabolic network which was the basis for modeling the significant metabolites. Employing kinetic rate expressions for growing and non-growing subpopulations, a logistic model was developed for cell growth and dynamic models were formulated to describe culture composition and monoclonal antibody (MAb) secretion. The model was validated for a range of nutrient concentrations. Good agreement was obtained between model predictions and experimental data. The ultimate goal of this study is to establish a comprehensive dynamic model which may be used for model-based optimization of the cell culture for MAb production in both batch and fed-batch systems.