中国西南季风常绿阔叶林不同恢复阶段凋落物动态分析

为探索季风常绿阔叶林不同恢复阶段群落凋落物产量及其动态变化规律,于云南普洱地区通过设置凋落物承接网并定期收集网内的凋落物,对中国西南季风常绿阔叶林区不同恢复阶段群落凋落物产量及其动态变化进行研究。结果表明:(1)不同恢复阶段季风常绿阔叶林年凋落物总量在8 133.1~8 798.3kg/hm2之间,年凋落物总量大小关系为恢复30年群落老龄林群落恢复40年群落。其中叶凋落量最高,其次为枝凋落量,两者贡献量超过总凋落量的3/4。(2)季风常绿阔叶林不同恢复阶段群落中凋落物随时间的动态变化趋势大致相同,2月份达到高峰值,随后逐渐减少,在9月份降至最低,随后又有所升高,为单峰或多峰曲线;在不同凋落物组分凋落量时间动态上,不同恢复阶段群落叶凋落量随月份变化均为单峰曲线;枝凋落量在恢复群落中为单峰曲线,而在老龄林中则为多峰曲线;皮凋落量随月份的变化在恢复30年及老龄林群落间均为单峰曲线,但在恢复40年群落中为平缓曲线,月份间变化不大;繁殖体凋落物在恢复30年及老龄林群落间均为多峰曲线,但在恢复40年群落中为单峰曲线;半分解物凋落量在恢复30年及老龄林群落中随月份呈单峰曲线,在恢复40年群落中则为多峰曲线。(3)在短刺栲、刺栲和红木荷3种优势物种中,短刺栲叶片年凋落量在所有群落中均最大(分别占恢复30年群落的53.93%、恢复40年群落的47.83%、老龄林的28.32%),红木荷次之(分别占恢复30年群落的8.45%、恢复40年群落的10.71%、老龄林的31.69%),刺栲最少(分别占恢复30年群落的6.1%、恢复40年群落的7.53%、老龄林的6.36%)。短刺栲叶凋落量随月份的变化在恢复群落中呈单峰曲线,而在老龄林中则呈现多峰曲线;红木荷在3种群落中则均为单峰曲线;刺栲则是在恢复30年及老龄林中呈单峰曲线,而在恢复40年群落中呈多峰曲线。

Litter Dynamic Changes of Community of Monsoon Broad-leaved Evergreen Forest in Different Restoration Stages in Southwest China

In order to exploring litter yield and dynamic changes of monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest,we set collecting nets to gather litter at regular intervals in different restoration stages and analyzed litter yield.The results showed that:(1)The annual litter yield was between 8 133.1 and 8 798.3 kg/hm² in different restoration stages of the communities,and the annual litter yield from high to low is 30a communityCastanopsis echidnocarpa,Castanopsis hystrix,and Schima wallichii,the highest annual leaf litter was the C.echidnocarpa for all communities (53.93% for 30a community,47.83% for 40a community and 28.32% in old growth forest),the second was S.wallichii (8.45% for 30a community,10.71% for 40a community and 31.69% for old growth forest),the lowest was the C.hystrix (6.1% for 30a community,7.53% for 40a community and 6.36% for old growth forest).The leaf litter dynamic change of C.echidnocarpa was unimodal curve for restoration communities,but it was polymodal curve for old growth forest;the form of leaf litter of S.wallichii was unimodal curve for all communities;the leaf litter dynamic change of C.hystrix was unimodal curve for 30a community and old growth forest,but it was polymodal curve for 40a community.