微生物转化雄甾-4-烯-3，17-双酮的菌种筛选和转化条件的初步研究

雄甾-4-烯-3,17-双酮(简称4AD)是甾体药物的重要中间产物,其11α羟化产物可制成治疗心血管疾病的药物。通过对30株不同种属真菌转化4AD能力的筛选,获得球孢白僵菌(Beauveria bassiana)QY2A对4AD有高效C11α羟化能力,得到目标产物C11α-羟基雄甾-3,17-双酮(简称11α-OH-4AD)。另对该菌株的转化条件进行优化,结果表明:初始pH值6.0,温度28℃,转速180r/min,转化时间60h,助溶剂甲醇终浓度和底物浓度分别为2.5%和2.5g/L时,11α-OH-4AD的转化率为65%,比未优化的转化率提高了51.2%。     

Gibberella intermedia CA3-1羟基化去氢表雄酮的工艺

利用Gibberella intermedia CA3-1对甾体化合物去氢表雄酮(DHEA)进行C7α-羟基化反应研究。用单因素实验的方法考察接种量、装液量、转速、有机溶剂助溶、投料浓度以及底物投加时间对产物7α-羟基去氢表雄酮(7α-OH-DHEA)生成的影响。最终确定最适工艺条件:接种量6%,装液量30 m L(250 m L三角瓶),转速220 r/min,体积分数6%丙二醇助溶,接种时即添加底物,底物DHEA质量浓度1 g/L,转化时间36 h。采用优化后的转化条件,7α-OH-DHEA摩尔得率为72.34%。     

新月弯孢霉AS 3.4381对新型甾体底物C11β-羟基化

应用本实验室保藏的新月弯孢霉Curvularia lunataAS 3.4381对新型甾体化合物(Ⅰ)(16α,17β-二甲基-17-丙酰基雄甾-1,4-二烯-3-酮)作为底物进行生物转化C11β-羟基化反应的研究。实验研究结果表明,采用Ⅱ级发酵的工艺,收获新月弯孢霉菌丝体作为生物催化剂,在磷酸缓冲液介质体系中,对化合物Ⅰ的C11位实现β羟基化,生成皮质激素药物。测试数据TLC,MS,IR及1H NMR证明了该产物的化学结构,表明生物转化产物为C11β-羟基-16α,17β-二甲基-17-丙酰基雄甾-1,4-二烯-3-酮。     

总状毛霉对4-烯-3-酮甾体的生物转化研究

从土样中筛选到一株能转化甾体的菌株,经形态观察,鉴定为总状毛霉(Mucor racemosus)。首次利用该菌株对4-烯-3-酮类甾体衍生物进行生物转化,目的是合成具有潜在活性的羟基类4-烯-3-酮衍生物。转化条件为27℃,220r/min振荡培养4d。转化产物经乙酸乙酯萃取,用硅胶柱层析法分离,通过红外、质谱和核磁分析确定了甾体转化产物的化学结构。黄体酮生物转化得到的产物是14α-羟基-4-孕甾烯-3,20-二酮和7α,14α-二羟基-4-孕甾烯-3,20-二酮;4-雄烯二酮的转化产物是14α-羟基-雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮1、4α,17β-二羟基-雄甾-4-烯-3-酮和6α,17β-二羟基-雄甾-4-烯-3-酮。研究结果表明总状毛霉具有转化甾体的能力,对4-烯-3-酮类甾体进行生物转化的主要产物是14α-羟基甾体衍生物。     

甾体微生物转化C11β-羟基化的研究进展

C11β-羟基化是甾体微生物转化中难以实现的一步反应。对甾体C11β-羟基化的机理及部分生理生化问题进行了讨论,对蓝色犁头霉和新月弯孢霉催化转化甾体C11β-羟基化的应用研究特点及其催化转化反应产物氢化可的松的工业生产现状及相关问题进行了评述,并对此技术开发前景进行了预测。     

葡枝根霉NG0305酶催化甾体C11α-羟基化的研究

应用本实验室保藏的葡枝根霉Rhizopus stolonifer NG0305对甾体化合物烯睾丙内酯(3-oxo-4,6-diene-Pregna-17-aloha-hydroxy-21-carboxylic acid gama-lactone)进行酶催化C11α-羟基化反应的研究。研究结果表明,菌体培养的碳源供应对菌体所产羟化酶的活力有重要影响。采用葡萄糖和淀粉组合碳源,并加入适量的黑曲霉糖化酶的方式,解决了葡萄糖抑制的问题,并缩短了菌体培养反应时间,得到高羟化转化率。酶转化反应88h后,提取吸附在菌丝球内的产物,应用液相色谱测定,结果表明C11α-羟基化转化率达到了53．0％。     

黑曲霉催化雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮16β-羟基化

为进一步确定黑曲霉菌株TCCC41650的生物转化能力,以雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮(Androstenedione)为底物,利用黑曲霉菌株TCCC41650进行催化,产物经纯化、重结晶后,通过单晶衍射鉴定为16β-羟基雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮。转化条件为:培养液pH 6.0,乙醇添加量为2%,投料浓度为1‰时,72 h转化率为85.8%。目前甾体研究领域对于C16β-羟基化的微生物转化未见报道,研究结果为C16β-羟基甾体药物的研发奠定了基础。     

细胞色素P450诱导剂对Gibberella intermedia CA3-1双羟化去氢表雄酮的影响

β3,7α,15α-三羟基雄甾-5-烯-17-酮(7α,15α-diOH-DHEA)是女用口服避孕药"优思明"主要成分屈螺酮的关键中间体.为了提高目的 产物7α,15α-diOH-DHEA的摩尔得率,研究不同细胞色素P450酶(CYP450)诱导剂对Gibberella intermedia CA3-1转化去氢表雄酮(...     

Penicillium raistrickii 15α羟基化左旋乙基甾烯双酮工艺研究

通过生物转化技术对甾体化合物左旋乙基甾烯双酮进行15α位羟基化,合成了重要的药物中间体15α-羟基左旋乙基甾烯双酮,对生物转化工艺进行了优化。重点对底物的助溶剂进行了筛选,同时对培养基成分,接种量,初始pH,通气量,投料浓度,投料时间,转化时间等转化条件进行了优化。结果表明:在摇瓶发酵中,Penicilliumraistrickii对甾体化合物左旋乙基甾烯双酮生物转化,产物15α-羟基左旋乙基甾烯双酮转化率达到60%,在发酵罐放大试验中,转化率达到50%以上。具有工业生产前景。     

离子液体-水双相体系中Gibberella intermedia C1双羟化去氢表雄酮(DHEA)

【目的】考察离子液体-水双相体系中赤霉菌(Gibberella intermedia C1)双羟化甾体类底物去氢表雄酮(DHEA)生成三羟基雄甾烯酮(7α,15α-di OH-DHEA)的生物转化过程。【方法】比较5种不同种类的离子液体([Hmim][PF_6]、[Bmim][PF_6]、[Bmim][BF_4]、[Bmim][NTF2]、[Emim][EtSO_4])对底物转化率和产物得率的影响。优化该双相体系中离子液体的浓度、底物的投料浓度及投料时间等。【结果】选择[Emim][EtSO_4]作为构建该体系的离子液体。摇瓶中最适双相体系转化条件为:菌体生长12 h后,向转化培养基中加入0.8%(体积比)的[Emim][Et SO4],同时投加6 g/L底物DHEA。在5 L发酵罐上,当转化至60 h时,产物浓度高达5.03±0.21 g/L,7α,15α-diOH-DHEA产物摩尔得率达到最高75.5%。【结论】确定了离子液体-水双相转化体系的最适转化条件,并在5 L发酵罐中进行了实验,为该体系的工业化应用奠定了基础。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.