曼氏无针乌贼耗氧率及溶氧胁迫对其体内酶活力的影响

采用Winkler法测定水中溶氧含量,通过比较对照呼吸室与试验呼吸室水中溶解氧含量之差确定曼氏无针乌贼耗氧率及窒息点,并在不同程度的溶氧胁迫下测定乌贼体内多种酶的活力变化.结果表明：曼氏无针乌贼耗氧率呈明显的“高-低-高-低”昼夜变化;耗氧率与水温(16 ℃～28 ℃)和光照(3～500 μmol·m^-2·s^-1)呈正相关,与pH值(6.25～9.25)呈负相关;随着盐度的升高(18.1～29.8),乌贼耗氧率呈“高-低-高”变化,盐度为24.8时耗氧率最低;雌性乌贼耗氧率高于雄性.窒息点随乌贼的体质量增加而降低,平均体质量为(38.70±0.52) g的乌贼窒息点为(0.9427±0.0318) mg·L^-1.随着溶氧胁迫程度的增加,超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT)和过氧化物酶(peroxidase, POD)活力均先升后降,脂肪酶活力下降,蛋白酶活力呈“降-升-降”变化;乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase, LDH)活力呈先升后降趋势,但溶氧胁迫下的酶活力比正常时要高.     

有氧运动对高脂饮食大鼠血液中胃促生长素、血糖及血脂的影响

目的：探讨有氧运动对高脂饮食大鼠血液中胃促生长素（Ghrelin）和血脂的影响。方法：成年sD大鼠30只,分为3组（n=10）,对各组大鼠血液中血糖、甘油三酯（TG）、胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）和Ghrelin进行测试。结果：与正常对照组相比,高脂饮食大鼠血液中Ghrelin明显下降,代含量显著升高,HDL含量降低,有氧运动后,高脂大鼠血液中Ghrelin增加,TC含量显著降低,HDL含量升高。结论：有氧运动能改善高脂血症,其保护机制可能是升高大鼠血液中Ghrelin和改变血脂的含量。     

投喂频次对凡纳滨对虾行为及免疫功能的影响

对凡纳滨对虾在每日不同投喂频次(1次/d、2次/d、6次/d),每次过量投饵条件下的行为、生长和免疫指标进行了研究.结果显示:随着投喂频次增加,凡纳滨对虾的活动水平和昼夜游走距离均呈逐渐升高的趋势,特定生长率显著升高.在白昼,6次·d^-1组对虾的活动频率显著高于其它组(p<0.05);在夜间,2次·d^-1组的活动频率显著高于其它组(p<0.05).1次·d^-1组对虾的酚氧化酶PO、过氧化氢酶CAT和超氧化物歧化酶SOD活力下降,丙二醛MDA含量升高;2次·d^-1组凡纳滨对虾的CAT活力、SOD活力和MDA含量在实验期间趋于稳定;6次·d^-1组免疫酶活力呈缓慢升高的态势.     

CO_2浓度和温度对甘肃风毛菊生理特性的协同影响

该研究以分布在青藏高原东缘的特有种菊科风毛菊属植物甘肃风毛菊为材料,利用CO_2人工气候箱模拟CO_2浓度升高和温度变化,分析其对甘肃风毛菊各项生理指标的影响。结果表明:CO_2浓度和温度升高对甘肃风毛菊的生理指标影响显著,存在显著的交互作用。在CO_2浓度为550μmol·mol~(-1)时,甘肃风毛菊叶片叶绿素总量、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量达到最大值,而丙二醛(MDA)和超氧阴离子自由基含量均为最小值;在较高温度下,甘肃风毛菊叶片叶绿素总量、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量均增加;丙二醛(MDA)和超氧阴离子自由基含量均降低。当CO_2浓度为550μmol·mol~(-1)时,升高温度能显著提高甘肃风毛菊叶片的叶绿素总量、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量,并且显著减少丙二醛(MDA)和超氧阴离子自由基含量。该研究表明CO_2浓度和温度的升高对甘肃风毛菊的生长具有一定的促进作用。     

食物水限制对子午沙鼠肾和肝组织线粒体呼吸链复合物活性及相关自由基代谢的影响

目的观察食物水限制条件下对肾和肝组织线粒体呼吸链复合物活性的影响,研究组织线粒体能量代谢相关的响应特征。方法以健康成年子午沙鼠Meriones meridianus为材料,运用分光光度法测定了食物水限制3 d、6 d、9 d后子午沙鼠肾脏与肝脏组织线粒体呼吸链复合物Ⅰ~Ⅳ活性及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量变化。结果水限制胁迫可引起肾和肝组织中线粒体呼吸链4种复合物的活性明显升高(P<0.05,P<0.01),体质量逐渐降低。其中水限制3 d是其适应性反应的重要阶段,3 d时呼吸链复合物活性升高幅度较大,9 d时活性均降低,但仍高于对照组。肾组织线粒体SOD活性呈不同程度升高,肾与肝组织线粒体MDA含量在水限制下显著升高。结论食物水限制引起肾和肝组织线粒体呼吸链复合物活性的升高与肾对水的重吸收和肝代谢增加有关,长时间水限制诱导自由基水平升高,对代谢酶活性的维持可能产生不利的影响。     

缺氧及氧恢复对马铃薯块茎线粒体中活性氧及抗氧化酶的影响

选用马铃薯‘Favorita’品种,采用淹水及淹水后恢复通气的方法,研究了缺氧及氧恢复条件对马铃薯块茎亚细胞水平线粒体中活性氧（R0s）及抗氧化酶的影响。结果表明：缺氧胁迫会导致块茎线粒体中超氧阴离子（0;）的发生速率、过氧化氢（H202）及丙二醛（MDA）的含量先升高后下降,其中在缺氧第1天时分别比对照升高43．95％、49．18％、69．20％,在缺氧第3天时各项指标均达到最大值：而缺氧胁迫下超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性呈现先降低、后升高、再降低的趋势,其中缺氧第1天分别比对照降低28．35％、31．48％、37．36％。氧恢复时07发生速率,H：O：及MDA含量,SOD、APX、CAT的活性同样呈现先升高后降低的趋势,其中与缺氧1d未恢复对照相比,氧恢复1d分别提高144．69％、63．45％、59．07％、39．29％、11．45％、2．88％。另外,上述各项指标因缺氧胁迫与氧恢复时间的不同而有较大的变化。由此推测：氧恢复比缺氧胁迫更能促进马铃薯块茎线粒体ROS的爆发,加剧膜脂过氧化,并增强线粒体抗氧化酶的短时防御性能。     

平原入进驻高原后凝血和纤溶功能的改变及其意义

目的：探讨高原低氧环境下凝血及纤溶功能的变化。方法：对从平原（海拔1400m）进驻3700m和5380m高原第7d及半年的40名健康青年血浆抗凝血酶Ⅲ（AT－M）、纤溶酶原含量（PLG）、D－二聚体含量（DD）、组织纤溶酶原激活物活性（t-PA）、纤溶酶原激活抑制物活性（PAI）、纤溶蛋白原（Fg）、α2－抗纤溶酶抑制物活性（α2－PI）进行检测,并与20名平原健康青年作对照。结果：高原低氧环境AT－Ⅲ、t-PA明显低于平原（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）,且随海拔高度的升高而降低（P＜0.01）,随居住时间的延长而升高（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）。PLG、DD、PAI、α2－PI及Fg在海拔3700m第7d和海拔5380m第7d及半年均较平原增高显著（（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）,且随海拔高度的升高而增高,居住时间的延长而降低（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）;3700m居住半年时较平原无显著性差异（P＞0.05）。结论：高原低氧存在凝血功能紊乱,表现为凝血与纤溶被激活的同时伴有纤溶受抑,凝血及纤溶的平衡被破坏而使血液呈高凝和低纤溶状态。     

高原移居者红细胞滤过指数的变化及其机理

目的：探讨不同海拔和同一海拔高底氧环境不同血色素范围对高原健康人红细胞流变特性的影响及其可能发生的机制。方法：检测不同海拔高度（2260m、3300m、4080m）对320健康人EFI、SOD、和MDA的影响。结果：随海拔高度的升高,高原健康人EFI和MDA含量明显升高,而红细胞SOD活性明显降低;EFI与MDA呈正相关,而与红细胞SOD活性呈负相关。同一海拔低氧环境Hb增高者,EFI和MDA升高,而红细胞SOD活性降低;随海拔升高,EFI和MDA含量明显升高,而红细胞SOD活性明显降低。结论：不同海拔红细胞流变学和氧自由基代谢差异性的形成,低氧环境起核心作用;而随海拔高度升高和同一海拔低氧环境自由基代谢异常加重者是导致高原健康人红细胞流变学异常的中心环节。     

急性逐步低氧对中华绒螯蟹呼吸率的影响

本文用密闭式呼吸仪研究了急性逐步低氧对中华绒螯蟹（又名河蟹）呼吸率的影响。研究发现,河蟹是一种很好的氧调动物。当溶氧在一定范围内下降时,河蟹能维持其呼吸率不变,直到临界氧浓度,或临界点。而后,随着溶氧的进一步下降,其呼吸率迅速降低,并在溶氧未至零值时,呼吸率为零。作者将呼吸率为零时的氧浓度称为零呼吸氧浓度,或零呼吸点。鉴于零呼吸点的存在,作者提出了一种能更好地描述水生动物呼吸率和溶氧关系的双曲线方     

牛磺酸对Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠血液流变学的影响

目的：探讨牛磺酸（taurine）对Ⅱ型糖尿病（diabetes mellitus,DM）大鼠血液流变学及氧化应激的影响。方法：将40只Wistar大鼠随机取10只为正常对照组（control组）、其余30只大鼠中取20只符合模型标准的大鼠随机分为糖尿病组（DM组）和牛磺酸治疗组（Tau组,采用20g/L牛磺酸生理盐水溶液治疗,200mg/kgbw）,前两组注射等体积的生理盐水溶液。8周后,测3组大鼠血浆葡萄糖、糖化血红蛋白、超氧化物岐化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）及血液流变学指标。结果：与对照组相比,糖尿病大鼠血糖、MDA及糖化血红蛋白明显升高,SOD活性降低,全血粘度、红细胞聚集指数、红细胞压积明显增大,红细胞变形指数减小;牛磺酸能明显降低糖尿病大鼠的血糖、MDA和糖化血红蛋白（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,显著升高造模大鼠SOD（P〈0.01）;并且明显降低大鼠全血黏度（P〈0.05）、降低红细胞聚集指数（P〈0.05）,提高红细胞变性指数（P〈0.05）。结论：牛磺酸改善糖尿病大鼠的血液流变性可能与其提高大鼠的抗氧化能力有关,对防治糖尿病血管并发症有较好作用。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Synthesis and antimicrobial studies of hydrazone derivatives of 4-[3-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4-formyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid and 4-[3-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-4-formyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid

Microbial resistance to antibiotics is an unresolved global concern, which needs urgent and coordinated action. One of the guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Preventions (CDC) to combat antibiotic resistance is the development of new antibiotics to treat drug-resistant bacteria. In our effort to find new antibiotics, we report the synthesis and antimicrobial studies of 30 new pyrazole derivatives. These novel molecules have been synthesized by using readily available starting materials and benign reaction conditions. Some of these molecules have shown activity with MIC values as low as 0.78?µg/mL against four bacterial strains; Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Furthermore, active molecules are non-toxic to mammalian cell line.

     

Novel compounds with potent CDK9 inhibitory activity for the treatment of myeloma

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and Polo-like kinases (PLKs) play key role in the regulation of the cell cycle. The aim of our study was originally the further development of our recently discovered polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) inhibitors. A series of new 2,4-disubstituted pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized around the original hit, but their PLK1 inhibitory activity was very poor. However the novel compounds showed nanomolar CDK9 inhibitory activity and very good antiproliferative effect on multiple myeloma cell lines (RPMI-8226).