肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡受体(TRAIL)cDNA的克隆及高效表达

为了得到人TRAILcDNA并克隆到pGEM-Tvector。利用PCR技术获得目的基因片段 ,通过原核表载体pBV220构建人TRAIL表达质粒。将所得表达质粒转化宿主菌DH5α ,培养至OD60 0 值到达 0 6时 42℃诱导表达 ,并通过SDS PAGE分析表达结果。经凝胶薄层扫描 ,对pBV TRAILD DH5α工程菌热诱导 5h ,TRAIL衍生物蛋白的表达量最高约占菌体可溶性总蛋白的 31 %。人TRAIL基因 ,通过pBV2 2 0原核表达载体可在大肠杆菌中获得高效表达。     

转hGM-CSF 基因HepG2 细胞疫苗侵袭性和生长活性初步检测

目的:探讨经60Co处理的转hGM-CSF基因的HepG2肝癌疫苗的侵袭性和生长活性变化。方法:体外培养三种肝癌细胞(①野生型HepG2肝癌细胞②转染hGM-CSF基因的HepG2肝癌细胞③60Co射线处理的转hGM-CSF基因的HepG2肝癌疫苗)采用MTT方法检测三种细胞在24h、48h、72h的OD值并绘出生长曲线;利用transwell小室进行体外侵袭实验来观察上述三种细胞侵袭性;用RT-PCR技术检测上述三种细胞基质金属蛋白酶2(MMP-2)在mRNA水平上表达的变化;结果:经60Co照射处理的转hGM-CSF基因的HepG2肝癌疫苗组OD值在相同培养时间点较其他两组明显变小且差异有显著性(P<0.05)。三种细胞(上述①②③种细胞)transwell侵袭试验显示:③组穿过人造基底膜的细胞数量明显少于前两组;PT-PCR示:③组细胞的MMP-2的mRNA的表达明显低于①②。结论:经过60Co处理过的转hGM-CSF基因的HepG2肝癌疫苗的侵袭性和生长活性均明显降低。     

转hGM-CSF基因HepG2细胞疫苗侵袭性和生长活性初步检测

目的：探讨经60Co处理的转hGM-CSF基因的HepG2肝癌疫苗的侵袭性和生长活性变化。方法：体外培养三种肝癌细胞（①野生型HepG2肝癌细胞②转染hGM-CSF基因的HepG2肝癌细胞③60Co射线处理的转hGM-CSF基因的HepG2肝癌疫苗）采用MTT方法检测三种细胞在24h、48h、72h的OD值并绘出生长曲线;利用transwell小室进行体外侵袭实验来观察上述三种细胞侵袭性;用RT-PCR技术检测上述三种细胞基质金属蛋白酶2（MMP-2）在mRNA水平上表达的变化;结果：经60Co照射处理的转hGM-CSF基因的HepG2肝癌疫苗组OD值在相同培养时间点较其他两组明显变小且差异有显著性（P〈0.05）。三种细胞（上述①②③种细胞）transwell侵袭试验显示：③组穿过人造基底膜的细胞数量明显少于前两组;PT-PCR示：③组细胞的MMP-2的mRNA的表达明显低于①②。结论：经过60Co处理过的转hGM-CSF基因的HepG2肝癌疫苗的侵袭性和生长活性均明显降低。     

用体内激活的启动子调控HCV核心抗原表达可增强重组鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的免疫原性

为提高抗原表达质粒在重组伤寒沙门氏菌中的稳定性以增强重组伤寒沙门氏菌诱导的免疫应答 ,克隆鼠伤寒沙门氏菌pagC基因启动子 ,以其为转录调控元件构建HCV核心抗原表达质粒 ,转化到减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌中。体外培养时 ,Mg2 能够剂量依赖性抑制该重组菌表达HCV核心抗原。将该重组菌和组成性表达的重组菌分别口服接种BALB/c小鼠 ,观察质粒的稳定性和小鼠的免疫应答。结果表明 ,体内激活的pagC基因启动子能明显提高质粒在重组鼠伤寒沙门氏菌中的稳定性和增强重组菌诱导的体液和细胞免疫应答 ,这为发展高效免疫、成本低廉的口服丙肝疫苗提供了一个新思路     

嗜水气单胞菌菌蜕的制备及其对银鲫的口服免疫

菌蜕系统是一个自身具有佐剂性质的新型疫苗体系,不含细胞质内容物但具有细菌的完整表面抗原结构,可诱导机体的体液、细胞免疫应答及增强黏膜免疫反应.本研究通过将带有裂解基因E的质粒pElysis转化至嗜水气单胞菌J-1株中,对Ah J-1(pElysis)进行温度诱导,温度从28℃升至42℃,每隔15min检测菌液的OD600值,测定其溶菌动力学,并做无菌检验,用扫描电镜观察裂解后的细菌形态,研究其作为口服疫苗对银鲫的效果.结果显示,通过温度诱导,嗜水气单胞菌J-1(pElysis)OD值在诱导30min后开始持续下降,75min时开始趋于平稳,到120min溶菌效率达99.99%,诱导16h后进行无菌检验,证实其无活菌.扫描电镜观察绝大部分菌体经诱导后形成菌蜕,细胞两端有溶菌通道.动物试验表明,用菌蜕口服免疫的银鲫,在第5周产生较高的凝集抗体,达到27,并能维持2周;而甲醛灭活苗组为26,维持时间仅一周;生理盐水对照组效价仅2.攻击试验表明,菌蜕疫苗组和甲醛灭活疫苗组对嗜水气单胞菌强毒株J.1的攻击均有保护作用,其相对保护率分别为16/20(78.95%)和12/20(57.9%),显示菌蜕疫苗比普通灭活疫苗能更有效地激活机体的免疫保护.     

Pseudomonas putida S1海藻糖合成酶表达质粒的构建及诱导条件优化

采用PCR方法从Pseudomonas putida S1中克隆出编码海藻糖合成酶的基因treS,并与质粒pQE30T相连,构建了表达质粒pQE—TS2。将此重组质粒转化宿主菌E．coliM15进行诱导表达。十二烷基磺酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶SDS—PAGE电泳结果表明,treS基因在大肠杆菌中获得了高效表达。通过对诱导温度、诱导剂浓度、加诱导剂时间和诱导时间的优化研究,在菌液生长至OD600值为0．6时,加入诱导剂IPTG至终浓度0．01mmol／L,20℃诱导20h,蛋白的表达量达到每克干细胞89mg的蛋白,粗酶液酶活达到19U／mL。     

猪流行性腹泻抗原基因在乳酸菌中的表达及优化

目的：优化猪流行性腹泻抗原基因COE在乳酸乳球菌中的表达。方法：将表达猪流行性腹泻抗原基因COE的重组乳酸菌活化,酶切鉴定其稳定性,然后设计实验分别从pH值、温度、Nisin浓度、诱导时间、菌体密度等条件对COE表达进行优化,SDS-PAGE检测表达效果。结果：COE在乳酸乳球菌中的最佳表达条件为pH 7.0、T（温度）=30℃、Nisin=2ng/mLt、（诱导时间）=4h和OD600=0.5,在以上条件下相对表达量分别达到了15.48%、15.05%、15.82%、14.72%和20.47%。在最佳表达条件下得到SOE的相对表达含量达到21%。结论：COE重组质粒稳定,其在乳酸菌中经优化表达后可为今后研制猪流行性腹泻乳酸菌疫苗提供数据。     

幼畜腹泻双价基因工程疫苗(K88、K99)的高密度发酵生产工艺及抗原过量表达

本文报道了幼畜腹泻双价基因工程疫苗(K88、K99)的高密度发酵生产工艺和抗原基因的过量表达研究结果。采用New Biunswick公司发酵罐,主要发酵参数为搅拌速度1000rpm,通气量为18L／min,溶氧为25％,pH6．5,罐压为48．3kPa,温度37℃,发酵时间为20h。菌体浓度为A 6 0 0 nm40以上,K88、K99抗原效价分别达212水平。发酵过程中发现表达的抗原除装配细菌伞毛之外,过量表达的抗原以相当于伞毛中抗原浓度游离存在于溶液中。含双价疫苗基因的表选型质粒的稳定性在发酵20h后保持在70％。本文结果表明利用小型发酵罐(10L发酵液)每次可制备10000支疫苗,完全可以满足对幼畜腹泻基因工程疫苗盼大量需要。     

重组质粒在减毒沙门氏菌中的稳定性及其对细菌侵袭力的影响

将含有外源基因的重组真核表达质粒pcDNA3-F和pCI-F转化减毒鼠伤寒门氏菌,探讨质粒类型和插入片段对重组质粒在细菌内的稳定性和细菌侵袭力的影响。结果表明,外源质粒可降低减毒沙门氏菌在体外的增殖能力和侵袭力,也影响细菌在鸡体内的存活力;就质粒类型而言,pCI的影响大于pcDNA3,而以携带外源基因的重组质粒影响较为显著;外源基因插入也影响质粒在宿主菌内的稳定性。提示利用减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌为载体传递DNA疫苗研究时,要考虑质粒类型与其在宿主菌内稳定性的关系、携带外源基因重组质粒对载体菌侵袭力和存活力的影响等问题。     

抗胃癌免疫毒素表达质粒的构建、表达及对肿瘤细胞的特异杀伤

以含单链抗体 ( Sc Fv) 3H1 1基因全长的质粒 DNA为模板 ,利用 PCR技术扩增 3H1 1 Sc Fv基因片段 ,扩增片段及绿脓杆菌外毒素 PE38表达质粒 p YR39- 1 - PE38经 H ind /N de 酶切、连接 ,转化大肠杆菌 BL2 1,构建免疫毒素的表达质粒 p YR3H1 1 - PE38.转化菌在 IPTG诱导下 ,表达免疫毒素 3H1 1 - PE38,3H1 1 - PE38经纯化、变性、复性处理后 ,通过 MTT法检测其对胃癌细胞MGC80 3的杀伤活性 .结果表明 ,3H1 1 - PE38浓度不变 ,其杀伤率在一定的范围内随作用时间的延长而增加 ,当浓度为 5× 1 0 -8mol/L,作用时间为 60 h时 ,其对胃癌 MGC80 3细胞的杀伤率达74 .2 % ,而同等条件下抗 DNA免疫毒素 p Ig2 0 - PE38的杀伤率仅为 9.2 % ;作用时间一定 ( 60 h) ,免疫毒素浓度与杀伤率呈正相关 ,在 1 0 -10 mol/L以下 ,杀伤率几乎为零 ,而浓度高于 5× 1 0 -8mol/L时 ,杀伤率超过 70 % . 3H1 1 - PE38能够有效杀伤与之特异结合的胃癌细胞 ,具有潜在的应用前景     

多表位恶性疟疾疫苗M.RCAg-1在大肠杆菌表达的条件优化和大规模培养

通过以培养基配方、IPTG浓度、金属离子复合液浓度、镁离子浓度、表达时间、接种量、诱导时间点等发酵的重要条件对重组蛋白表达量影响的研究,确定多表位恶性疟疾疫苗M.RCAg-1蛋白最佳表达条件为以改良TB培养基培养、最优Mg2+,诱导剂IPTG和金属离子复合液浓度分别为10mmol/L,0.5mmol/L,6μl/ml,接种量为10%,表达时间为4.5h,将优化后的参数用于50L发酵罐进行连续3批中试规模的发酵,最终收获菌体湿重平均为31.8±1.78g/L,目的蛋白表达量可占菌体总蛋白的50%左右,试验确定了恶性疟疾多表位随机组合蛋白M.RCAg-1在大肠杆菌中的最优表达条件,该条件能够适合大规模培养需要。     

Oral delivery of DNA vaccines using attenuated Salmonella typhimurium as carrier

The efficacious delivery of eukaryotic expression plasmids to inductive cells of the immune system constitutes a key prerequisite for the generation of effective DNA vaccines. Here, we have explored the use of bacteria as vehicles to orally deliver expression plasmids. Attenuated Salmonella typhimurium aroA harbouring eukaryotic expression plasmids that encoded virulence factors of Listeria monocytogenes were administered orally to BALB/c mice. Strong cytotoxic and helper T cell responses as well as antibody production were elicited even after a single administration. Mice immunised four times with Salmonella that carried a eukaryotic expression plasmid encoding the secretory listerial protein listeriolysin were protected against a subsequent lethal challenge with this pathogen. A single dose was already partially protective. The efficiency of this vaccination procedure was due to transfer of the expression plasmid from the bacterial carrier to the mammalian host. Evidence for such an event could be obtained in vivo and in vitro. Expression of the desired antigen in various lymphoid tissues was already detectable 1 day after administration of the DNA vaccine and persisted for at least 1 month in spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes. Induction of cytotoxic and helper T cell responses was observed in all mouse strains tested including outbred strains whereas antibodies were mainly detected in BALB/c. Furthermore, we could show that immunogenicity could be improved by increasing the invasiveness of the bacterial carrier.     

Estimation of possible use of interferon inductors for prevention of postvaccional reactions to TEOVac in animal models

The experiments on guinea pigs showed that arbidol administered orally in a single dose 24 hours prior vaccination with TEOVAC and ridostin administered in a single dose intranasally on the 4th day after the vaccination lowered the vaccine virus accumulation in the animal organs and tissue without any effect on the vaccine immunogeneity. The results are someway indicative of the possible use of the interferon inductors for prevention of postvaccinal reactions to TEOVAC.     

Rapid feedback inhibition of endogenous cholic and chenodeoxycholic acid synthesis by exogenous chenodeoxycholic acid in man.

Chenodeoxycholic acid (300 mg + ¹⁴C) was administered orally to a bile fistula patient receiving a constant infusion of {³H}mevalonic acid. Suppression of endogenous cholic and chenodeoxycholic acid synthesis occurred within 2 to 4 hours and continued for the next 10 hours; synthesis returned to the baseline level after 18 hours. Incorporation of {³H}mevalonic acid into both bile acids was also greatly reduced during the first several hours after chenodeoxycholic acid, but almost recovered by 5 hours. The data suggest that multiple feedback sites are involved in the regulation of bile acid synthesis in man.     

基于比浊法的杆菌肽定量测定方法优化

杆菌肽在研究应用过程中,定量测定方法不统一,结果缺乏参考性。为规范其测定方法,拟通过建立杆菌肽浓度对数值与OD600之间的线性关系,以重复性和精密度为指标,优化指示菌初始浓度、杆菌肽溶液与菌悬液的比例、培养时间等因素,确定比浊法测定杆菌肽抑菌活性的方法。结果显示,比浊法的最适测定条件为:指示菌初始浓度107 CFU/mL,杆菌肽溶液与菌悬液比例1∶9,培养时间4 h,在此条件下,线性关系良好,R2达到0.99以上,且具有良好的重复性。进一步选用大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌验证方法的可行性,方法重复性好,精密度高。研究结果将为比浊法的进一步应用以及杆菌肽在试验和生产过程中的定量测定提供参考和依据。     

肠毒素性大肠杆菌CS3纤毛抗原在痢疾菌中的表达及其免疫效果研究

首先通过体内外重组的方法,构建了福氏2a痢疾菌T32asd基因缺陷的突变体FaD,作为抗原载体菌;同时,构建包含asd基因的表达质粒pYX102,与FaD一起,构成宿主-载体平衡致死系统,用于在没有抗生素条件选择的情况下,稳定表达克隆在表达质粒上的外源抗原基因.将肠毒素性大肠杆菌的CS3菌毛抗原基因克隆至pYX102,构建成重组表达质粒pYX103,ELISA检测结果证实CS3在痢疾菌中可以很好地表达.免疫小鼠后可诱生相应的抗体,虽然口服免疫和注射免疫产生的CS3抗体效价有一定差别,但对痢疾菌的毒株攻击均可提供较好保护.该结果为细菌性腹泻疫苗的研制提供了候选株.     

Generation of Influenza Virus from Avian Cells Infected by Salmonella Carrying the Viral Genome

Domestic poultry serve as intermediates for transmission of influenza A virus from the wild aquatic bird reservoir to humans, resulting in influenza outbreaks in poultry and potential epidemics/pandemics among human beings. To combat emerging avian influenza virus, an inexpensive, heat-stable, and orally administered influenza vaccine would be useful to vaccinate large commercial poultry flocks and even migratory birds. Our hypothesized vaccine is a recombinant attenuated bacterial strain able to mediate production of attenuated influenza virus in vivo to induce protective immunity against influenza. Here we report the feasibility and technical limitations toward such an ideal vaccine based on our exploratory study. Five 8-unit plasmids carrying a chloramphenicol resistance gene or free of an antibiotic resistance marker were constructed. Influenza virus was successfully generated in avian cells transfected by each of the plasmids. The Salmonella carrier was engineered to allow stable maintenance and conditional release of the 8-unit plasmid into the avian cells for recovery of influenza virus. Influenza A virus up to 10⁷ 50% tissue culture infective doses (TCID₅₀)/ml were recovered from 11 out of 26 co-cultures of chicken embryonic fibroblasts (CEF) and Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells upon infection by the recombinant Salmonella carrying the 8-unit plasmid. Our data prove that a bacterial carrier can mediate generation of influenza virus by delivering its DNA cargoes into permissive host cells. Although we have made progress in developing this Salmonella influenza virus vaccine delivery system, further improvements are necessary to achieve efficient virus production, especially in vivo.     

Live bacterial vaccines – a review and identification of potential hazards

The use of live bacteria to induce an immune response to itself or to a carried vaccine component is an attractive vaccine strategy. Advantages of live bacterial vaccines include their mimicry of a natural infection, intrinsic adjuvant properties and their possibility to be administered orally. Derivatives of pathogenic and non-pathogenic food related bacteria are currently being evaluated as live vaccines. However, pathogenic bacteria demands for attenuation to weaken its virulence. The use of bacteria as vaccine delivery vehicles implies construction of recombinant strains that contain the gene cassette encoding the antigen. With the increased knowledge of mucosal immunity and the availability of genetic tools for heterologous gene expression the concept of live vaccine vehicles gains renewed interest. However, administration of live bacterial vaccines poses some risks. In addition, vaccination using recombinant bacteria results in the release of live recombinant organisms into nature. This places these vaccines in the debate on application of genetically modified organisms. In this review we give an overview of live bacterial vaccines on the market and describe the development of new live vaccines with a focus on attenuated bacteria and food-related lactic acid bacteria. Furthermore, we outline the safety concerns and identify the hazards associated with live bacterial vaccines and try to give some suggestions of what to consider during their development.