不同预冷方式对采后莲藕贮藏品质的影响

以青浦莲藕为主要对象,研究冷水预冷和冷库预冷两种方式对于莲藕贮藏保鲜的影响,考察其在保鲜柜（4±0.5）℃、15天的贮藏期间的失重率、色泽、硬度、可溶性固形物、相对电导率等的变化。结果表明：与未经预冷的莲藕样品相比,冷水和冷库预冷能够显著降低莲藕失重率、延缓莲藕表皮色泽变化、维持莲藕的可溶性固形物含量,然而冷库预冷对莲藕在贮藏后期的细胞膜造成损伤,从而降低莲藕品质,而冷水预冷能够保持莲藕硬度,由此表明冷水预冷对莲藕具有更好的保鲜效果。     

东洞庭湖莲藕种植区土壤重金属污染及其对莲藕重金属含量的影响

通过对东洞庭湖莲藕种植区的野外调查, 揭示了土壤重金属污染的潜在生态风险及其对莲藕重金属含量的影响。土壤重金属镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)含量均高于洞庭湖背景值, 以Cd 污染最为严重, 潜在生态风险指数高, 属极重度生态风险级。莲藕干物质中重金属含量较高, 其中Cd、Pb 含量分别达到3.43 mg·kg^-1 和6.84 mg·kg^-1。不同种植区域之间, 莲藕重金属含量差异显著, 以君山区挂口镇的莲藕重金属含量最高。莲藕重金属含量的高低与土壤重金属含量呈显著正相关关系(P<0.01)。可见, 东洞庭湖莲藕种植区土壤重金属污染是导致莲藕重金属含量过高的直接原因, 建议在污染较重的区域, 减少莲藕种植, 开展土壤重金属污染治理, 引导莲藕产业健康发展。     

莲藕多酚氧化酶同工酶的比较分析

采用垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,对同一植株莲藕的不同部位、不同湖区野生莲藕以及不同品种的特定部位的多酚氧化酶(PPO)同工酶进行了分析。结果表明,同一植株莲藕不同部位PPO同工酶带有一定的特异性, 其主要表现在区带数目、迁移位置和区带染色深浅三方面;而不同湖区野生莲藕以及不同品种莲藕,处于同一生长周期、同一部位中的PPO同工酶遗传多样性则较低。     

湖北莲藕产业发展的若干设想及建议

考察了江苏、浙江和上海等地的莲藕产业发展状况 ,结合我省莲藕生产情况提出了若干设想与建议。     

莲藕对金属污染物的吸收与富集

莲藕(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn)有“出污泥而不染”的美誉。莲藕给人们突出的印象:生命力强,长势旺盛,能抵抗一般自然灾害,对土壤无过高要求,pH值在5.6—7.4之间,莲藕长势无差异。在低或高浓度SO2的污染环境中,莲藕生长发育均无影响1。       

莲藕的化学成分与生物活性研究进展

对莲藕(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn)不同组织(莲藕、荷花、荷叶、莲梗、莲子、莲心、莲蓬)的有效化学成分(类黄酮、酚类、生物碱、三萜、多糖、SOD、膳食纤维、挥发油)作了简要的综述,并对其主要的生物活性进行了归纳,以期对莲藕资源的综合利用提供理论依据。     

莲藕Na~+/H~+逆向转运蛋白基因-LrNHX的克隆及表达分析

[目的]寻求解决莲藕栽培种普遍对盐敏感的途径,从耐盐野生种中克隆了一个候选耐盐基因-LrNHX的全长c DNA序列,并对其表达进行分析,为今后利用基因工程技术改良莲藕耐盐性奠定基础。[方法]根据NCBI数据库中的莲藕Na~+/H~+逆向转运蛋白基因序列设计引物,利用PCR技术在莲藕叶片中克隆LrNHX,再利用半定量RT-PCR研究了250 mmol/L Na Cl处理0 h、6h、12 h、18 h、24 h和30 h时莲藕叶片中LrNHX的表达情况。[结果]LrNHX cDNA全长1 861 bp,编码526个氨基酸。Blast比对后发现该基因和与胡杨(ACX46912.1)、毛白杨(AAX37333.1、番茄(CAC83608.1)、拟南芥(NP 178079.2)的同源性分别达88%、87%、83%、82%。半定量RT-PCR结果表明,该基因在250 mmol/L Na Cl处理12 h后表达显著增高,说明LrNHX受盐诱导。[结论]LrNHX参与了莲藕耐盐信号的转导。     

新兴垸低湖田莲藕引种栽培研究

本文报道了作者在湖北省监利县新兴垸低湖田进行的莲藕优良品种引种栽培试验结果,从低湖田试验莲藕的生长发育、产量、经济效益及生态适应性等方面说明了低湖田植藕是该区涝渍地开发利用的有效途径,同时简要提及了低湖田植藕应注意的若干技术问题。     

花青素合成基因bz1和bz2在莲藕染色体上的定位

Bronze 1(bz1)是编码UDP葡萄糖类黄酮葡糖基转移酶(UFGT)的基因,UFGT是种子糊粉层中的花青素生物合成酶。Bronze 2(bz2)是另一种花青素生物合成基因,与类黄酮的酰化、糖基化、转运、沉积等有关。以生物素标记的重组质粒pUC19中含有玉米bz1和bz2基因作为探针,与莲藕(Nelumbo nucifera L．)的有丝分裂染色体标本进行荧光原位杂交(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)。结果显示,bz1和bz2基因分别位于莲藕的第2和第4号染色体长臂上,与着丝粒的相对距离分别为79％和67％。这是首次提供莲藕染色体上的FISH杂交信息,从而为增加莲藕染色体组中的遗传标记和建立遗传图谱奠定基础。     

莲藕研究进展

综述了莲藕在分类、生长发育、遗传育种、组织培养、生理学特性等方面的研究进展。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

（鱼句）亚科花（鱼骨）型鱼类骨骼系统的比较

对我国花型Hemibarbuspattern鱼类作了骨骼系统比较,结果表明,此类型鱼类脑颅较长,副蝶骨平直或稍弯曲,眶蝶骨腹纵嵴发达(铜鱼Coreius septentrionalis例外),下颞窝和咽突中等大,基枕骨后突发达;脑颅中的上筛骨的后突、侧筛骨的外筛突,蝶耳骨的外突、上耳骨的后突、围眶骨和后颞窝等均有明显的差异;咽颅中的舌颌骨、尾舌骨、鳃盖骨和下咽齿的列数等又有显著的区别;附肢骨骼中的腰带骨、脊椎骨中的复合神经骨和第4椎骨腹侧的悬器等也有不同之处。据此,这些差异和区别可作为属间或种间的分类依据。     

Analysis of evolution of exon-intron structure of eukaryotic genes

The availability of multiple, complete eukaryotic genome sequences allows one to address many fundamental evolutionary questions on genome scale. One such important, long-standing problem is evolution of exon-intron structure of eukaryotic genes. Analysis of orthologous genes from completely sequenced genomes revealed numerous shared intron positions in orthologous genes from animals and plants and even between animals, plants and protists. The data on shared and lineage-specific intron positions were used as the starting point for evolutionary reconstruction with parsimony and maximum-likelihood approaches. Parsimony methods produce reconstructions with intron-rich ancestors but also infer lineage-specific, in many cases, high levels of intron loss and gain. Different probabilistic models gave opposite results, apparently depending on model parameters and assumptions, from domination of intron loss, with extremely intron-rich ancestors, to dramatic excess of gains, to the point of denying any true conservation of intron positions among deep eukaryotic lineages. Development of models with adequate, realistic parameters and assumptions seems to be crucial for obtaining more definitive estimates of intron gain and loss in different eukaryotic lineages. Many shared intron positions were detected in ancestral eukaryotic paralogues which evolved by duplication prior to the divergence of extant eukaryotic lineages. These findings indicate that numerous introns were present in eukaryotic genes already at the earliest stages of evolution of eukaryotes and are compatible with the hypothesis that the original, catastrophic intron invasion accompanied the emergence of the eukaryotic cells. Comparison of various features of old and younger introns starts shedding light on probable mechanisms of intron insertion, indicating that propagation of old introns is unlikely to be a major mechanism for origin of new ones. The existence and structure of ancestral protosplice sites were addressed by examining the context of introns inserted within codons that encode amino acids conserved in all eukaryotes and, accordingly, are not subject to selection for splicing efficiency. It was shown that introns indeed predominantly insert into or are fixed in specific protosplice sites which have the consensus sequence (A/C)AG|Gt.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Permeability of bilayers composed of mixtures of saturated phospholipids

Liposomes composed of an equimolar binary mixture of phospholipids were formed from a series of saturated phosphatidylcholines (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamines (PE). Mixtures were chosen such that the two phospholipids differed either in terms of head group alone, chain length alone, or both head group and chain length. Cation effluxes, both with and without ionophores (nigericin and valinomycin) were measured over a range of temperatures that encompassed the regions of phase separation for these different lipid mixtures. There was a good correlation between the temperatures at which permeability maxima and phase separation occur. For phospholipid mixtures with the same acyl chain but different head groups (PC vs. PE), the PC component ‘controls’ permeability. For mixtures of PCs differing in chain length, the short chain lipid dominates the permeability pattern particularly if the chain lengths are sufficiently different. Lipids differing in both head group and chain length give rise to more complex permeability patterns. The results of the present study are interpreted in terms of a model in which one of the lipid components of the mixture may specifically congregate at defects between co-existing phases and thus ‘regulate’ permeability.