表达猪瘟病毒E2蛋白的BacMam病毒的构建及其免疫原性分析

含具有哺乳动物细胞活性的启动子的重组杆状病毒(BacMam病毒)可有效转导多种哺乳动物细胞,并被广泛用于开发新型非复制型载体疫苗．将水泡性口炎病毒G蛋白(VSV-G)基因插入多角体启动子下游,得到经修饰的杆状病毒转移载体,将对虾白斑综合症病毒(WSSV)ie1启动子控制下的猪瘟病毒E2基因表达盒插入此载体中,构建了BacMam病毒BacMam/G-ie1-E2,以其感染Sf9细胞和转导HeLa细胞,通过间接免疫荧光试验和Western blot分析检测E蛋白的表达,同时用BacMam病毒直接免疫小鼠,用检测猪瘟病毒抗体的间接ELISA方法检测免疫小鼠血清抗体,用基于CFSE和WST-8的淋巴细胞增殖试验评价其细胞免疫应答．结果显示,BacMam/G-ie1-E2能同时在昆虫细胞和哺乳动物细胞中高效表达E2蛋白,免疫小鼠能诱导产生针对猪瘟病毒的特异性抗体,免疫小鼠脾细胞经猪瘟病毒刺激后能诱导特异性的淋巴细胞增殖．这表明,由BacMam病毒介导的基因转移有望用于开发针对猪瘟病毒的非复制型载体疫苗．     

Production of Classical Swine Fever Virus Envelope Glycoprotein E2 as Recombinant Polyhedra in Baculovirus-Infected Silkworm Larvae

Although, classical swine fever virus (CSFV) envelope glycoprotein E2 subunit vaccine has been developed using the baculovirus expression system, the expression of viral antigens in baculovirus-infected insect cells is often ineffective. Therefore, an alternative strategy to the traditional baculovirus expression system is needed that is more productive and effective. Here, we report a novel strategy for the large-scale production of a CSFV E2 in the larvae of a baculovirus-infected silkworm, Bombyx mori. We constructed a recombinant B. mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) that expressed recombinant polyhedra together with the N-terminal 179 amino acids of CSFV E2 (E2ΔC). BmNPV-E2ΔC-infected silkworm larvae expressed native polyhedrin and approximately 44-kDa fusion protein that was detected using both anti-polyhedrin and anti-CSFV E2 antibodies. Electron and confocal microscopy both demonstrated that the recombinant polyhedra contained both the fusion protein and native polyhedrin were morphologically normal and contained CSFV E2ΔC. The CSFV E2ΔC antigen produced in BmNPV-E2ΔC-infected silkworm larvae reached 0.68?mg/ml of hemolymph and 0.53?mg/larva at 6-days post-infection. Six-week-old female BALB/c mice that were immunized with the E2ΔC protein purified from solubilized recombinant polyhedra elicited CSFV E2 antibodies, which indicated that the CSFV E2ΔC protein from recombinant polyhedra was immunogenic. The virus neutralization test showed that the serum from mice that were treated with E2ΔC protein from recombinant polyhedra contained significant levels of virus neutralization activity. These results demonstrate that this strategy can be used for the large-scale production of CSFV E2 antigen.     

针对猪瘟病毒E2蛋白的嵌合猪源化单克隆抗体的表达及抗病毒活性鉴定

猪瘟(Classical swine fever,CSF)是严重危害养猪业的一种烈性传染病,常造成巨大的经济损失,是世界动物卫生组织要求必须申报的动物疫病之一。猪瘟的病原是猪瘟病毒(Classical swine fever virus,CSFV),CSFV的结构蛋白由衣壳蛋白(C)和囊膜糖蛋白(E~(rns)、E1、E2)构成。E2蛋白是CSFV主要的保护性抗原,可以诱导机体产生中和抗体,从而抵抗CSFV的感染。此前,本团队制备了一株针对CSFV E2蛋白的鼠源单克隆抗体HQ06。文中将HQ06抗体重链和轻链可变区基因与猪源恒定区基因嵌合后克隆至真核表达载体,利用中国仓鼠卵巢(CHO)细胞制备一株针对CSFV E2蛋白的嵌合猪源化单克隆抗体c HQ06。应用ELISA、Western blotting试验证实了c HQ06与CSFV E2蛋白具有良好的反应性;中和试验结果表明c HQ06可以中和CSFV。综上所述,本研究应用CHO细胞稳定表达了具有良好反应性和中和活性的针对CSFV E2蛋白的嵌合猪源化单克隆抗体c HQ06,为研究CSFV E2蛋白结构、功能以及开发新型的CSFV诊断和治疗制剂奠定基础。     

抗人红细胞单链抗体与猪瘟E2蛋白双功能融合蛋白的构建及生物学活性检测

为构建具有凝集性、免疫反应性的双功能融合蛋白,本研究采用重叠延伸PCR方法将2E8ScFv(抗人红细胞H抗原单链抗体基因)和mE2(猪瘟病毒E2蛋白主要抗原编码区基因)拼接成融合基因2E8mE2,并插入原核表达载体pET-DsbA,将重组表达质粒pET-DsbA-2E8mE2转化入大肠杆菌Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)PlysS中进行IPTG诱导表达,表达的融合蛋白经SDS-PAGE和Western blotting分析鉴定,结果表明:2E8mE2融合基因在大肠杆菌中获得了表达,表达产物以包涵体形式存在,分子量约为65kDa,与预期的大小一致。分别采用亲和层析法和谷胱甘肽再氧化法对融合蛋白进行纯化和复性,红细胞凝集试验证实:2E8mE2融合蛋白复性效果良好,既能够与人红细胞结合,又能够与猪瘟病毒抗体反应,具有双功能特性。     

猪瘟病毒E2基因在Pichia pastoris中的表达及其免疫活性的初步研究

将猪瘟病毒的E2基因克隆入酵母分泌型表达载体pPIC9K中,酶切线性化后电穿孔导入Pichia pastoris进行整合,经G418筛选得到高拷贝转化子,甲醇诱导表达。SDS－PAGE和Western blit结果证实了酵母培养上清液中含有E2蛋白。免疫活性研究证明P.pastoris表达的E2蛋白能刺激动物产生抗猪瘟病毒的抗体。     

An Indirect ELISA of Classical Swine Fever Virus Based on Quadruple Antigenic Epitope Peptide Expressed in E.coli

In this study,a synthesized quadruple antigenic epitope gene region of the classical swine fever virus (CSFV)E2 glycoprotein was expressed in E.coli to a obtain target protein.This target protein was used as a coating antigen to establish an indirect ELISA for specifically detecting anti-CSFV antibodies in serum samples from pigs.The P/N cut-off value of this assay was 1.92 by receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC)analysis based on 30 negative sera and 80 positive samples.The test gave 97.5%sensitivit...     

表达猪圆环病毒2型Cap蛋白的重组猪瘟兔化弱毒疫苗株的构建与鉴定

猪瘟(CSF)是由猪瘟病毒(CSFV)引起的一种毁灭性传染病,给养猪业造成重大经济损失。猪瘟兔化弱毒疫苗(C株)是一株非常安全、有效的优秀弱毒疫苗,对各年龄和品种的猪都极其安全,同时对不同基因亚型的CSFV均能提供有效的免疫保护。在现地,CSFV和猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)混合感染的现象时常发生,有必要研制针对这两种病毒混合感染的二价疫苗。本研究首次构建了表达PCV2 Cap蛋白的重组C株,并评价了其在体内外的特性。结果表明,该重组病毒与C株具有相近的体外增殖特征,能够稳定表达Cap蛋白,在家兔体内具有与C株相似的生物学表型,在免疫家兔后10 d,抗CSFV E2抗体全部转阳,然而抗Cap抗体未能转阳。本研究为进一步优化表达PCV2Cap蛋白的重组C株奠定了基础。     

N-linked glycosylation status of classical swine fever virus strain Brescia E2 glycoprotein influences virulence in swine

E2 is one of the three envelope glycoproteins of classical swine fever virus (CSFV). Previous studies indicate that E2 is involved in several functions, including virus attachment and entry to target cells, production of antibodies, induction of protective immune response in swine, and virulence. Here, we have investigated the role of E2 glycosylation of the highly virulent CSFV strain Brescia in infection of the natural host. Seven putative glycosylation sites in E2 were modified by site-directed mutagenesis of a CSFV Brescia infectious clone (BICv). A panel of virus mutants was obtained and used to investigate whether the removal of putative glycosylation sites in the E2 glycoprotein would affect viral virulence/pathogenesis in swine. We observed that rescue of viable virus was completely impaired by removal of all putative glycosylation sites in E2 but restored when mutation N185A reverted to wild-type asparagine produced viable virus that was attenuated in swine. Single mutations of each of the E2 glycosylation sites showed that amino acid N116 (N1v virus) was responsible for BICv attenuation. N1v efficiently protected swine from challenge with virulent BICv at 3 and 28 days postinfection, suggesting that glycosylation of E2 could be modified for development of classical swine fever live attenuated vaccines.     

猪瘟病毒在PK细胞和MPK细胞中繁殖过程的研究

以猪瘟病毒疫苗Ｔｈｉｖｅｒｖａｌ株（Ｔ株）为实验材料,研究该病毒株在ＰＫ１５细胞中增殖的基本特性与规律。在ＰＫ１５细胞中,猪瘟病毒Ｔ株在感染后１２ｈ即可检测到子代病毒粒子。接毒后４８ｈ,几乎所有的细胞都被病毒感染;到６０ｈ,释放到培养液中有活性的病毒粒子达到最高峰,为１０７ＴＣＩＤ５０／ｍＬ。培养液中的病毒粒子在３７℃半寿期只有３个小时。同时,建立了ＭＰＫ细胞ＣＳＦＶＴ株的感染模式,其ＣＳＦＶ的滴度可达１０８ＴＣＩＤ５０／ｍＬ。在此基础上,用抗ＣＳＦＶ包膜蛋白Ｅ２和非结构蛋白ｐ１２０的单克隆抗体显示了病毒在细胞中增殖的部位,进而应用电镜技术观察到成熟的病毒粒子及可能处在不同发育阶段的子代病毒粒子     

表达猪瘟病毒E2蛋白的重组腺病毒的构建及其在兔体内的免疫原性分析

为了构建猪瘟重组腺病毒载体疫苗,通过细菌内同源重组法构建了含有猪瘟病毒E2基因的重组腺病毒rAdV-E2.测定其一步生长曲线,同时用间接免疫荧光试验和Western blotting检测外源基因表达,然后用rAdV-E2免疫家兔,免疫后6周用猪瘟兔化弱毒疫苗株(c株)进行攻击,攻毒后3 d取其脾脏,用实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测C株病毒RNA.结果表明,该重组腺病毒传至第10代时,毒价可达1.0×1010TCID<,50/mL;外源基因可在其中得到稳定表达;rAdV-E2接种兔免疫后2周产生猪瘟特异性抗体,免疫后5 W抗体达到峰值,攻毒后rAdV-E2接种兔和C株接种兔均未出现定型热反应,从其脾脏也未检测到C株病毒RNA,而野生型腺病毒接种兔均出现了定型热反应,并且从其脾脏检测大量C株病毒RNA,其含量达到了103拷贝/μL以上.由此表明,rAdV-E2可望开发为猪瘟候选疫苗.     

猪瘟病毒E2基因的定点突变、在大肠杆菌中的高效表达及表达产物的免疫原性

用重组PCR技术对猪瘟病毒石门株E2基因进行了定点突变, 然后将突变后的基因克隆至表达载体质粒pET-28a(+)中,构建成重组质粒pETE2。将pETE2转入受体菌BL21(DE3)plysS中,在IPTG的诱导下, 重组转化菌可高效表达目的基因, 表达量平均可达菌体蛋白总量的28%。免疫印迹和间接ELISA表明所表达的蛋白是CSFV特异性的。此重组蛋白免疫的家兔可抵抗猪瘟兔化弱毒的攻击。     

Deletions of structural glycoprotein E2 of classical swine fever virus strain alfort/187 resolve a linear epitope of monoclonal antibody WH303 and the minimal N-terminal domain essential for binding immunoglobulin G antibodies of a pig hyperimmune serum

The major structural glycoprotein E2 of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is responsible for eliciting neutralizing antibodies and conferring protective immunity. The current structural model of this protein predicts its surface-exposed region at the N terminus with a short stretch of the C-terminal residues spanning the membrane envelope. In this study, the N-terminal region of 221 amino acids (aa) covering aa 690 to 910 of the CSFV strain Alfort/187 E2, expressed as a fusion product in Escherichia coli, was shown to contain the epitope recognized by a monoclonal antibody (WH303) with affinity for various CSFV strains but not for the other members of the Pestivirus genus, bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and border disease virus (BDV). This region also contains the sites recognized by polyclonal immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies of a pig hyperimmune serum. Serial deletions of this region precisely defined the epitope recognized by WH303 to be TAVSPTTLR (aa 829 to 837) of E2. Comparison of the sequences around the WH303-binding site among the E2 proteins of pestiviruses indicated that the sequence TAVSPTTLR is strongly conserved in CSFV strains but highly divergent among BVDV and BDV strains. These results provided a structural basis for the reactivity patterns of WH303 and also useful information for the design of a peptide containing this epitope for potential use in the detection and identification of CSFV. By deletion analysis, an antigenic domain capable of reacting with pig polyclonal IgG was found 17 aa from the WH303 epitope within the N-terminal 123 residues (aa 690 to 812). Small N- or C-terminal deletions introduced into the domain disrupt its reactivity with pig polyclonal IgG, suggesting that this is the minimal antigenic domain required for binding to pig antibodies. This domain could have eliminated or reduced the cross-reactivity with other pestiviruses and may thus have an application for the serological detection of CSFV infection; evaluation of this is now possible, since the domain has been expressed in E. coli in large amounts and purified to homogeneity by chromatographic methods.     

Expression of Major Antigen Domains of Gene of E2 CSFV and Analysis of its Immunological Activity

E2 is an envelope glycoprotein of Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and contains sequential neutralizing epitopes to induce virus-neutralizing antibodies and mount protective immunity in the natural host. In this study, four antigen domains (ABCD) of the E2 gene was cloned from CSFV Shimen strain into the retroviral vector pBABE puro and expressed in eukaryotic cell (PK15) by an retroviral gene expression system, and the activity of recombinant E2 protein to induce immune responses was evaluated in rabbits. The results indicated that recombinant E2 protein can be recognized by fluorescence antibodies of CSFV and CSFV positive serum (Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China) using Western blot, indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) and ELISA, Furthermore, anti-CSFV specific antibodies and lymphocyte proliferation were elicited and increased by recombinant protein after vaccination. In the challenge test, all of rabbits vaccinated with recombinant protein and Chinese vaccine strain (C-strain) were fully protected from a rabbit spleen virus challenge. These results indicated that a retroviral-based epitope-vaccine carrying the major antigen domains of E2 is able to induce high level of epitope-specific antibodies and exhibits similar protective capability with that induced by the C-strain, and encourages further work towards the development of a vaccine against CSFV infection.     

猪瘟病毒糖蛋白E^rns中和表位的鉴定和比较

猪瘟病毒 (CSFV)囊膜结构糖蛋白Erns(gp4 8)是诱导机体产生中和抗体及激发保护性免疫应答的第二抗原蛋白。E2和Erns与细胞表面受体的相互作用介导CSFV感染细胞的过程。Erns具有RNA酶活性 ,影响病毒自身复制并涉及对病毒的中和效应。采用抗CSFValfortT櫣ｂｉｎｇｅｎ毒株Ｅｒｎｓ糖蛋白的 1B5 ,b4_2 2和 2 4 16单克隆中和抗体 ,筛选噬菌体展示的 12肽随机肽库 ,进行Erns中和表位的鉴定和比较 ,获得分别针对 1B5、b4_2 2和 2 4 16单克隆抗体的 3个主要中和表 (拟 )位基序WxNxxP、DKNR (Q)G和A(T)CxYxKN ,分别定位于Erns的 35 1位～ 35 6位或 348位～ 35 0位、384位～ 386及 32 2位～ 32 3位、380位～ 386位氨基酸区域。分析表 (拟 )位基序与单克隆抗体的免疫反应性差异。b4_2 2和 2 4 16单克隆抗体识别基序存在共有序列KN ,识别Erns中的相似抗原区 ,但其侧翼序列及免疫印迹、免疫荧光抗体抑制试验结果均存在显著差异     

猪瘟病毒E2(gp55)基因的克隆表达及其DNA疫苗的初步研究

用RTPCR方法从中国标准强毒株石门毒的细胞培养物中 扩增获得了其结构蛋白E2基因cDNA,将之克隆到pGEM5Z T载体,用双脱氧链终止法测定其核苷酸序列,并推导出其对应氨基酸序列,与几个代表毒株Alfort株、Brescia株和C株相应序列进行比较,所测核苷酸序列与各株的同源性分别为84.7%、92.6%和95.2%,氨基酸序列的同源性分别为89.4%,92.6%和94.6%;将此E2片段亚克隆至真核表达载体pcDNA3.1,构建表达CSFV E2蛋白的重组质粒pcE2,用脂质体转染法将pcE2导入cos7细胞进行瞬时表达,用针对E2蛋白的特异性单抗以间接免疫荧光法检测,结果E2蛋白在cos7细胞中获得了正确表达,随之将pcE2质粒DNA进行小鼠肌内接种免疫,ELISA法检测证实在免疫后2周和4 周的小鼠体内可诱导出较为明显的阳性血清,并高于E2单抗的阳性对照,病毒中和试验也表明DNA免疫后小鼠体内可诱导产生CSFV中和抗体;同时构建了能在昆虫细胞Sf9中表达GSTE2和GSTGFPE2融合蛋白的重组杆状病毒;上述研究结果为研制针对CSFV的DNA疫苗,亚单位疫苗及其诊断试剂打下了基础。     

融合铁蛋白的猪瘟病毒囊膜蛋白E2的表达及鉴定

目前,传统的灭活猪瘟疫苗及弱毒（减毒）猪瘟疫苗存在免疫保护期短、毒力返强等缺点,而蛋白源性亚单位疫苗可以很好的解决上述问题。铁蛋白24个亚基可以自组装成稳定的多聚体纳米颗粒,成为理想的抗原呈递载体和疫苗开发平台。基于此,将铁蛋白与具有较强免疫原性的猪瘟病毒囊膜蛋白E2（具有高保守性的保护性抗原）结合,构建融合基因E2-Fe,将该基因克隆到pET28a原核表达载体中,转化至大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli）BL21（DE3）感受态细胞中进行诱导条件的探索及其高效表达,再将表达的融合蛋白进行镍柱纯化、质谱分析、Western-blotting验证及电镜检测。结果显示,融合基因E2-Fe已成功克隆到pET-28a载体上,0.50%乳糖诱导6 h为融合蛋白E2-Fe表达的最优条件;质谱分析与Western-blotting均显示融合蛋白的大小约为51 kD,与理论值相符;电镜观察到的纳米颗粒直径约为20 nm。结果表明,融合铁蛋白的猪瘟病毒囊膜蛋白E2在大肠杆菌中得到高效表达,经镍柱纯化后可获得数量可观的自组装纳米颗粒抗原,为研究新的猪瘟疫苗拓宽了研究思路。     

Substitution of specific cysteine residues in the E1 glycoprotein of classical swine fever virus strain Brescia affects formation of E1-E2 heterodimers and alters virulence in swine

E1, along with E(rns) and E2, is one of the three envelope glycoproteins of classical swine fever virus (CSFV). E1 and E2 are anchored to the virus envelope at their carboxyl termini, and E(rns) loosely associates with the viral envelope. In infected cells, E2 forms homodimers and heterodimers with E1 mediated by disulfide bridges between cysteine residues. The E1 protein of CSFV strain Brescia contains six cysteine residues at positions 5, 20, 24, 94, 123, and 171. The role of these residues in the formation of E1-E2 heterodimers and their effect on CSFV viability in vitro and in vivo remain unclear. Here we observed that recombinant viruses harboring individual cysteine-to-serine substitutions within the E1 envelope protein still have formation of E1-E2 heterodimers which are functional in terms of allowing efficient virus progeny yields in infected primary swine cells. Additionally, these single cysteine mutant viruses were virulent in infected swine. However, a double mutant harboring Cys24Ser and Cys94Ser substitutions within the E1 protein altered formation of E1-E2 heterodimers in infected cells. This recombinant virus, E1ΔCys24/94v, showed delayed growth kinetics in primary swine macrophage cultures and was attenuated in swine. Furthermore, despite the observed diminished growth in vitro, infection with E1ΔCys24/94v protected swine from challenge with virulent CSFV strain Brescia at 3 and 28 days postinfection.     

An indirect ELISA of classical swine fever virus based on quadruple antigenic epitope peptide expressed in <Emphasis Type="Italic">E.coli</Emphasis>

In this study, a synthesized quadruple antigenic epitope gene region of the classical swine fever virus (CSFV) E2 glycoprotein was expressed in E. coli to a obtain target protein. This target protein was used as a coating antigen to establish an indirect ELISA for specifically detecting anti-CSFV antibodies in serum samples from pigs. The P/N cut-off value of this assay was 1.92 by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis based on 30 negative sera and 80 positive samples. The test gave 97.5% sensitivity and 96.7% specificity compared with the indirect hemagglutination (IHA) test. The inter-assay and intra-assay coefficients of variation (CVs) for 16 sera were both ⩽6.8%. No cross-reactivity between the coating antigen and anti-bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) antibodies was observed.     

Real-time analysis of the interaction of a multiple-epitope peptide with antibodies against classical swine fever virus using surface plasmon resonance

The E2 envelope glycoprotein is the major immunodominant protein of classical swine fever virus (CSFV), and can induce neutralizing antibodies and protective immune responses in infected swine. We developed a tandem-repeat multiple-epitope recombinant protein that contains two copies of each of the regions of E2 spanned by residues 693-704, 770-780, and 826-843, coupled by two copies of the region spanned by residues 1446-1460 of the CSFV nonstructural protein NS2-3. The chemically synthesized gene was expressed in Escherichia coli as a fusion with glutathione S-8 (GST), named GST-BT21. After it was purified with Glutathione Sepharose 4B, we used Western blotting to characterize the construct and surface plasmon resonance to analyze its affinity and specific interaction with CSFV-positive serum. Purified GST-BT21 protein displayed excellent immunoreactivity with antiserum against CSFV (Tian et al., 2012), and surface plasmon resonance confirmed the specific affinity between BT21, but not GST, and antibodies in serum from animals infected with CSFV. Surface plasmon resonance is a sensitive and precise method for epitope evaluation, and it can be used to characterize the immunogenicity and functions of recombinant proteins.