三峡三期蓄水后长江口海域浮游动物群落特征及影响因子

根据2010年8月、11月以及2011年5月3个航次、各次24个监测点的调查数据,分析了三峡工程三期蓄水后一个水文年内长江口浮游动物优势种、湿重生物量及丰度的变化,并用BIOENV筛选出影响浮游动物分布的关键环境因子。结果表明:长江口浮游动物春季绝对优势种为夜光虫(Noctiluca scientillans)与中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus),夏季绝对优势种为太平洋纺锤水蚤(Acartia pacifica steuer),秋季绝对优势种为针刺拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus aculeatus);浮游动物湿重生物量夏季(970.6 mg/m~3)秋季(613.8 mg/m~3)春季(571.5 mg/m~3),丰度夏季(783.5个/m~3)春季(691.3个/m~3)秋季(399.5个/m~3);影响浮游动物分布的关键环境因子为底层盐度、底层温度及底层硅酸盐。     

杭州湾南岸海域春秋季浮游动物分布特征与主要环境因子的关系

2011年9月(秋季)和2012年5月(春季)对杭州湾南岸附近海域(121.60°E—121.85°E,29.95°N—30.24°N)进行了2个航次的海洋综合调查,分析了杭州湾南岸附近海域浮游动物的群落结构、生物量和丰度的分布特征及与主要环境因子的关系。结果表明:该海域浮游动物存在明显的季节变化,春季鉴定到8大类18种,优势种为虫肢歪水蚤(Tortanus vermiculus)、中华华哲水蚤(Sinocalanus sinensis)、中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)、短额刺糠虾(Acanthomysis brevirostris);秋季鉴定到7大类25种,优势种为左突唇角水蚤(Labidocera sinilobata)、百陶箭虫(Sagitta bedoti)、真刺唇角水蚤(Labidocera euchaeta)、刺尾角水蚤(Pontella spinicauda);多样性指数(H')为秋季(1.60)略高于春季(1.56),生物量和丰度为秋季(580.58 mg·m-3和578.88 ind·m-3)远高于春季(61.82 mg·m-3和41.61 ind·m-3);总生物量和总丰度的空间分布由优势种决定,春季总生物量从湾外向湾内近岸增加,秋季沿湾外向湾内近岸一侧和湾外东部水域增加;而总丰度在春季同样表现为从湾外向湾内近岸递增,秋季为向湾内近岸和湾外东部水域增加。逐步回归分析表明,温度和盐度为影响春秋季杭州湾南岸浮游动物分布的主要环境因子。     

舟山海域夏、秋季浮游动物的分布特征及其与环境因子的关系

为更好地了解舟山海域浮游动物的群落结构、生物量和丰度的时空分布特征及其与主要环境因子的关系,分别于2014年7月和10月进行了夏季、秋季两次生态综合调查,并用多维尺度分析法、典范对应分析法对浮游动物群落结构进行了研究。结果表明:夏季舟山海域调查的浮游动物有13类,64种,优势种为背针胸刺水蚤(Centropages dorsispinatus)、圆唇角水蚤(Labidocera rotunda)、中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)、精致真刺水蚤(Euchaeta concinna)、百陶带箭虫(Zonosagitta bedoti)和真刺唇角水蚤(Labidocera euchaeta);秋季鉴定到浮游动物12类,45种,优势种为背针胸刺水蚤(Centropages dorsispinatus)、百陶带箭虫(Zonosagitta bedoti)、双生水母(Diphyes chamissonis)、瓜水母(Beroёcucumis)和中华哲水蚤。夏季浮游动物平均丰度及平均生物量(144.0 ind/m3和176.3 mg/m~3)都分别高于秋季(21.4个/m3和86.3 mg/m3);Shannon-Wiener多样性指数夏季(3.03)高于秋季(2.82),Pielou均匀度指数则是秋季(0.83)高于夏季(0.64);夏季不同区域浮游动物群落之间具有明显的差异,而秋季大部分站位群落之间差异不显著;温度、盐度、叶绿素a浓度和营养盐含量是影响舟山海域浮游动物分布的主要环境因子;与历史资料相比,舟山海域浮游动物丰度及生物量呈下降趋势,其优势种保持较稳定。     

黄河口邻近海域浮游动物群落时空变化特征

利用2012年12月—2013年9月4个季度的现场调查资料研究了黄河口邻近海域浮游动物群落的时空分布特征。研究表明,黄河口邻近海域共鉴定出浮游动物70种,包括浮游幼虫19类。浮游动物优势种主要由夜光虫(Noctiluca scintillans)、小拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus parvus)、双刺纺锤水蚤(Acartia bifilosa)、拟长腹剑水蚤(Oithona similis)、强额拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus crassirostris)、近缘大眼剑水蚤(Corycaeus affinis)、强壮箭虫(Sagitta crassa)、双壳类幼体(Bivalvia larvae)、多毛类幼体(Polychaeta larvae)等种类。黄河口邻近海域浮游动物丰度夏季最高(60620个/m~3),春季(31228个/m~3)和秋季(21540个/m~3)次之,冬季最低(7594个/m~3)。不同季节浮游动物丰度的空间分布具有差异性,春季浮游动物丰度呈现出从近岸到外海降低的趋势;夏季浮游动物形成两个高丰度区,分别位于河口邻近海区和河口东部海区;秋季和冬季浮游动物丰度高值区均位于河口东部海区。浮游动物生物多样性指数均呈现从河口到外海升高的趋势,低值区位于黄河口入海口附近海区。相关性分析显示,黄河口邻近海域浮游动物丰度与海水温度显著正相关(r=0.212,P0.05),表明温度为影响黄河口邻近海域浮游动物丰度变化的主要因素。     

烟台四十里湾浮游动物群落特征及与环境因子的关系

2009年3月—2010年12月在烟台四十里湾海域对浮游动物群落结构及其环境因子进行了连续20个航次的综合调查,记录到浮游动物8大类共计64种(类)。浮游动物主要类群为桡足类和浮游幼虫,分别发现22种、18类,占总种(类)数34%、28%;其次为水螅水母类,发现13种,占20%;毛颚动物和栉水母类各发现1种。浮游动物的优势种为中华哲水蚤(Y=0.183)、腹针胸刺水蚤(Y=0.078)、强壮箭虫(Y=0.078)和洪氏纺锤水蚤(Y=0.026)。浮游动物的生态类型主要为温带近岸种和广布性种。四十里湾海域浮游动物群落结构的季节变化较为明显,春、夏、秋、冬四季之间群落结构有显著性差异(P0.05),同一季节内群落结构相似度较高,达55%以上。浮游动物丰度中位值在5月份达到最高(546.3个/m~3);种类数、多样性指数中位值均在8月达到最高,分别为18种、3.20;浮游动物生物量呈现出双峰变化模型,5月份达到第1峰值(中位值870.4 mg/m~3),10月份为第2峰值(中位值362.0 mg/m~3)。浮游动物种类数高值区主要分布在养马岛北部海域,而丰度高值区主要分布在近岸尤其是辛安河口海域。浮游动物种类数及多样性指数与水温、化学需氧量、硅酸盐显著正相关(P0.01),与盐度、溶解氧、无机氮显著负相关(P0.01);水温和盐度是影响浮游动物分布的主要环境因子,其次是硅酸盐、叶绿素a和化学需氧量,活性磷酸盐、溶解氧、透明度以及无机氮对浮游动物分布的影响较小。     

珠海横琴岛海域浮游动物群落结构特征

根据2013 年11 月(秋季)、2014 年5 月(春季)、2015 年2 月(冬季)和8 月(夏季)4 航次的调查数据, 对横琴岛海域浮游动物物种组成、时空分布及多样性等群落结构特征进行了分析。结果显示: 共鉴定出浮游动物103 种类, 阶段性浮游幼体13 类, 桡足类种类最多42 种, 其次为刺胞动物18 种。种类数秋季最多52 种, 夏季次之50 种, 冬季最少46 种。年均丰度范围为100.31-2003.90 ind·m^–3, 均值为606.22 ind·m–3; 年均生物量范围56.30-137.13 mg·m^–3, 均值为80.86 mg·m^–3; 该海域优势种更替较快, 其优势种春季为刺尾纺锤水蚤Acartia spinicauda、中华异水蚤Acartiella sinensis 等5 种, 夏季为短角长腹剑水蚤Oithona brevicornis 和强额孔雀哲水蚤Pavocalanus crassirostris, 秋季为长尾类幼体Macrura larvae、亚强次真哲水蚤Eucalanus subcrassus 等8 种, 冬季仅夜光虫Noctiluca scintillans 一种。多样性指数、均匀度指数、多样性阈值及丰富度指数均值春季为3.86、0.88、3.40、3.24, 夏季为2.10、0.89、1.88、1.01, 秋季为3.34、0.83、2.78、2.63, 冬季为0.95、0.31、0.30、0.09。其中冬季4 项指数均很低, 表明该海域浮游动物群落结构异常, 海域生态环境受到了一定程度的污染破坏。     

海州湾海域浮游动物种类组成与丰度的季节变化

根据2015年冬(3月)、春(5月)、夏(8月)、秋(11月)季4个航次对海州湾海域的浮游动物进行的调查采样,分析了浮游动物的种类组成、丰度、生物量、优势种、生物多样性以及不同季节的变化特点。结果表明:本次调查共鉴定到浮游动物47种(不含浮游幼体17种),种类数夏季(31种)秋季(29种)春季(27种)冬季(17种);平均丰度为117.31ind·m~(-3),春季(256.24 ind·m~(-3))秋季(89.81 ind·m~(-3))冬季(74.93 ind·m~(-3))夏季(48.26 ind·m~(-3));平均生物量为249 mg·m~(-3),秋季(369 mg·m~(-3))冬季(274 mg·m~(-3))春季(214 mg·m~(-3))夏季(140 mg·m~(-3));主要优势种为中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)、真刺唇角水蚤(Labidocera euchaeta)和强壮箭虫(Sagitta crassa);生物多样性指数(H)、均匀度(J)和丰富度(d)都是夏季最高,分别为2.81、0.73、3.21;中华哲水蚤对海州湾海域浮游动物丰度贡献最大;本海域浮游动物具有明显的季节性和南北过渡性;温度在大尺度范围内影响浮游动物时空分布,下行效应在小尺度范围内直接控制浮游动物的空间分布格局。     

乐清湾浮游动物的季节变动及摄食率

2002年8月、11月、2003年2月和5月,在乐清湾进行了4个航次生物、化学和水文等专业综合调查。根据采集的浮游动物样品的分析鉴定及海上现场实验结果,对浮游动物的群落组成、生物量、丰度、多样性指数的分布和季节变动及其浮游动物对浮游植物的摄食率进行研究。结果表明,乐清湾已鉴定的浮游动物有56属,75种,17类浮游幼体,主要可划分为4个生态类群,以近岸低盐类群为主,其优势种为真刺唇角水蚤Labidoceraeuchaeta、太平洋纺锤水蚤Acartiapacifica、驼背隆哲水蚤Acrocalanusgibber、中华假磷虾Pseudeuphausiasinica和百陶箭虫Sagittabedoti等,半咸水河口类群、暖水性外海种和广布种的种数相对较少。浮游动物生物量和丰度的平面分布趋势基本一致,有明显季节变化。2月份和5月份,浮游动物生物量和丰度,从湾顶向湾口呈逐渐增加趋势;8月份,生物量和丰度的分布与2月份、5月份的分布趋势不同,从湾顶向湾口,生物量和丰度逐渐降低;11月份,生物量和丰度的平面分布相对均匀。浮游动物种类多样性指数有明显的季节变化,其动态变化与浮游动物种数和丰度的变化一致。微型浮游动物对浮游植物存在摄食压力,且摄食率有季节变化,摄食率的变化在0.15~0.48d-1。     

九龙江河口浮游动物的群落结构和时空变动

2009年春(5月)、夏(8月)、秋(11月)在九龙江河口进行浮游动物采样调查,分析了九龙江河口浮游动物的种类组成、群落结构、丰度和生物量的时空变化。调查共发现浮游动物119种,其中,含桡足类(35种)和水母类(31种)是最主要的类群。主要优势种有火腿许水蚤(Schmackeria poplesia)、中华假磷虾(Pseudeuphausia sinica)、弗洲指突水母(Blackfordia virginica)、短尾类蚤状幼虫 (Zoea larvae)和长尾类幼虫 (Macrura larva)。其中,春季以火腿许水蚤、弗洲指突水母、中华假磷虾以主;夏季则以短尾类蚤状幼虫和长尾类幼虫为主;秋季则以火腿许水蚤和中华异水蚤(Acaritella sinensis)为主,季节变化明显。浮游动物丰度和生物量春季最高,平均值分别为3 377.8 ind/m³和3 209.4 mg/m³,秋季最低,但空间分布不均,从春季到秋季其密集中心从近海区逐渐转移到邻近河口区。与过去同期的调查资料相比,20年来九龙江河口浮游动物总丰度、优势种的组成和排序发生了显著的变化。本次浮游动物的总丰度平均值(以秋季为例)为历次调查最低,主要优势种也明显不同, 推测,浮游动物有朝着小型化发展的趋势。     

湛江港湾浮游桡足类群落结构的季节变化和影响因素

2009年2月、5月、8月和11月分别对湛江港湾浮游动物进行了季度月调查,并对该海域浮游桡足类群落结构的季节变化及影响因素进行了分析.结果共鉴定出桡足类72种,其中冬季36种,占浮游动物种类数的29.5％;春季33种,占浮游动物种类数的39.3％;夏季24种,占浮游动物种类数的29.6％;秋季19种,占浮游动物种类数的40.4％.主要优势种为中华哲水蚤Calanus sinicus、强额拟哲水蚤Paracalanus crassirostris、短角长腹剑水蚤Oithona brevicornis、亚强真哲水蚤Eucalanus subcrassus、刺尾纺锤水蚤Acartia spinicauda和桡足类幼体.季节变化模式为:夏季丰度最高,达960.0个/m3,春季次之为421.0个/m3,冬季为303.4个/m3,秋季最低仅为252.8个/m3.平面分布冬春季丰度内湾高,往湾口逐渐降低,夏季内湾低往湾口逐渐增大,而秋季分布较均匀.调查海区桡足类丰度与水温、叶绿素a和浮游植物细胞丰度呈极显著的正相关,与DIN和PO3-4呈显著的负相关,与盐度、pH值和活性硅酸盐相关性不明显.     

Community characteristics and of zooplankton in Qinzhou Bay

Qinzhou Bay, the biggest bay in Guangxi Province, is very species-rich and is developing a robust marine economy. In recent years, as human impact has increased, problems associated with the environment have become more complicated. Measuring zooplankton diversity and abundance is a way to monitor environmental conditions. According to the data from four ecological surveys of the zooplankton in Qinzhou Bay during 2008 and 2009, a total of 134 species of zooplankton were identified, including 52 Copepoda species, 27 Medusa species, 14 Planktonic larvae, 9 Chaetognatha species, 8 Pteropoda species, 5 Amphipoda species, 4 Cladocera species, 4 Ostracoda species, 3 Thaliacea species, 2 Appendiculata species, 2 Sergestdae species, 2 Protlsta species, 1 Rotiera species and 1 Cumacea species. The fauna was clearly characterized as tropical population. The total species number was highest in autumn, followed by spring, winter and summer. Zooplankton species diversity in Qinzhou Bay has increased compared with the results obtained in 1983–1985 (83 species). However, compared with other bays, the number of zooplankton species in Qinzhou Bay is close to Daya Bay (128), higher than in Zhilin Bay (60), Jiaozhou Bay (81) and Luoyuan Bay (70), and far lower than in the north South Sea (709). We adopted the dominant index Y > 0.02 as the distinguishing standard of dominant species. The number of dominant species in spring, summer, autumn and winter were six, nine, eight and five. There was only one common dominant species (Penilia avirostris) appeared in different seasons, For summer and autumn, the shared dominant species numbered about four. Between other seasons, the shared dominant species varied between two and three. The number of uniquely dominant species was four in summer, three in autumn and one in both spring and winter. The dominant species in different seasons have some overlaps and some differences. The average biomass of zooplankton was 378 mg/m³ at all times of year. The average biomass was largest in autumn, followed by winter, and was the least in spring and summer. The average density of zooplankton for the entire year was 805.11 ind/m³. The average density was largest in summer, followed by winter, and was least in autumn and spring. Copepoda and Planktonic larvae were the major components of zooplankton in spring and summer at Qinzhou Bay, with the other species’ densities under 10%. In autumn, Copepoda, Planktonic larvae and Chaetognatha were the major components of the biomass, and in winter, the major species were Copepoda and Cladocera, with the others species’ density under 10%. The average value of the Shannon–Wiener diversity index (H′) was 3.84 and the evenness index (J′) was 0.77. The zooplankton diversity index and community evenness overall were good and the community organization had a complete and stable state, but the status of the community was relatively weak. The relationship between biomass/density of zooplankton and environmental factors is remarkable. Biomass and density are positively correlated with temperature and nutrient concentration, and are negatively correlated with salinity.     

大陈岛海域浮游动物群落季节变化及其影响因素

为探究大陈岛海域浮游动物群落的季节变化,于2020年9月（夏季）、11月（秋季）和2021年1月（冬季）、4月（春季）分别对大陈岛海域的浮游动物及环境因子进行了4个航次的调查。结果共鉴定浮游动物90种,包括浮游幼体15类,其中夏季种类数最多（68种）,冬季最少（20种）,常见的优势种有：百陶箭虫（Sagitta bedoti）、微刺哲水蚤（Canthocalanus pauper）、中华哲水蚤（Calanus sinicus）等12种（Y>0.02）。浮游动物的年平均丰度和生物量分别为（153.40±214.73）个/m³、（411.93±561.76） mg/m³,二者存在明显的季节变化,平均丰度为春季（380.17±296.14）个/m³>夏季（135.30±112.59）个/m³>秋季（67.88±90.52）个/m³>冬季（25.30±19.11）个/m³;平均生物量为夏季（895.01±802.54） mg/m³>春季（623.39±358.73） mg/m³>秋季（91.08±82.36） mg/m³>冬季（45.96±84.95） mg/m³。多样性指数（H''）和均匀度指数（J''）的年平均值分别为1.71±0.96和0.53±0.20,均表现出夏秋季较高、冬春季较低的特征。聚类分析结果表明调查海域的浮游动物可划分为夏季类群、秋季类群、冬季类群和春季类群4组类群。Pearson相关性分析和冗余分析（RDA）结果表明,海水温度、盐度、叶绿素a浓度是影响大陈岛海域浮游动物群落特征的重要环境因素。此外,夏季大陈岛海域水母类浮游动物暴发的现象值得关注。研究结果将为大陈岛海域的生物多样性保护及渔业资源可持续开发利用提供可参考的数据资料。     

舟山海域大中型浮游动物群落时空变化及受控要素

为更好地保护舟山海域的渔业资源和生态环境,了解舟山海域浮游动物组成的时空变化,于2014年到2017年对舟山海域33个站位开展4个季节的生态综合调查,结果表明:4个航次共鉴定出浮游动物成体88种和浮游幼体19类,优势种共12种,浮游动物的优势种更替和群落特征季节变化明显,春夏、夏秋、秋冬、冬春相邻季节优势种更替率分别为75%、80%、100%和60%;平均生物量为夏季(176.34 mg/m³)>春季(120.20 mg/m³)和秋季(86.28 mg/m³)>冬季(7.21 mg/m³);平均丰度为夏季(143.97个/m³)>春季(86.30个/m³)>秋季(21.38个/m³)和冬季(26.86个/m³);平均多样性指数:夏季(3.03)>秋季(2.82)>春季(2.05)>冬季(1.71)。舟山海域浮游动物群落具有明显的季节和区域差异,温度、盐度、Chl a和营养盐是影响舟山浮游动物群落时空变化的主要环境因素,其中春季浮游动物群落空间分布主要受盐度的影响,夏季主要受温度、盐度和Chl a的影响,秋季主要受Chl a的影响,冬季主要受悬浮物和溶解氧的影响,而营养盐对每个季节的浮游动物群落分布都有一定的影响。     

钦州湾大型底栖动物生态学研究

通过2008年~2009年在钦州湾及附近海域进行的4个航次的大型底栖动物调查,共获大型底栖动物8门62科94种,软体类最多,其次为多毛类,种类季节变化较大。以优势度指数Y>0.02为判别标准,调查区春季优势种为方格皱纹蛤（Periglypta lacerata (Hanley)）、刺足掘沙蟹（Scalopidia spinosipes Stimpsom）和独齿围沙蚕（Perinereis cultrifera Grube）,夏季优势种为方格皱纹蛤、刺足掘沙蟹和持真节虫,秋季优势种为曲波皱纹蛤和网纹藤壶,冬季优势种为肋鲳螺和方格皱纹蛤。春、夏季优势种变化不大,秋、冬季优势种变化较大,除方格皱纹蛤外均为季节特有种。海区底栖生物平均总密度和平均总生物量分别为439ind./m2和115.14g/m2。与20世纪80年代钦州湾茅尾海调查结果相比,平均栖息密度有所升高,但是平均生物量却有较大程度的降低。底栖动物群落的丰富度指数（D）、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数（H′）和均匀度指数（J′）平均值分别为4.01、1.80和0.73,水平不高。用SPSS软件将各站大型底栖动物的平均密度、平均生物量、多样性指数等生态特征值与水深等理化因子进行了Pearson相关分析,结果表明春季各特征指数与环境因子相关性不显著;夏季丰度、多样性指数和均匀度指数均与水深呈显著负相关,种类数、丰富度和多样性指数与沉积物pH呈显著负相关;秋季密度与硫化物呈显著正相关;冬季生物量与硫化物和有机质均呈显著正相关。     

Seasonal dynamics and grazing rate of zooplankton in Yueqing Bay, China

The species composition, biomass, abundance, and species diversity of zooplankton were determined for samples collected from August 2002 to May 2003 from 14 stations in Yueqing Bay, China. Phytoplankton growth rate and microzooplankton grazing rate were obtained by using the dilution method developed by Landry and Hassett. The spatial and temporal variations of zooplankton and its relationship with environmental factors were also analyzed. The results showed that the zooplankton in the Yueqing Bay could be divided into four ecotypes, namely coastal low saline species, estuary brackish water species, offshore warm water species, and eurytopic species. A total of 75 species of zooplankton belonging to 56 genera and 17 groups of pelagic larva were identified in the Yueqing Bay. The coastal low saline species was the dominant ecotype in the study area, and the dominant species were Labidocera euchaeta, Acartia pacifica, Acrocalanus gibber, Pseudeuphausia sinica, and Sagitta bedoti among others. There was considerable seasonal variation in zooplankton biomass and abundance in the surveyed areas. The peak biomass appeared in August, descending in November and in May, and the lowest biomass appeared in February. Similarly, the highest abundance of zooplankton was observed in August, with the abundance descending in the following months: May, November, and February. There were similar horizontal distribution patterns for the biomass and the abundance of zooplankton. They both increased from the upper to the lower bay in February and May, but decreased from the upper to the lower bay in August. Biomass and abundance were evenly distributed in the Yueqing Bay in November. Moreover, there was marked seasonal variation in the species diversity of zooplankton, which conformed to the abundance of zooplankton. Results of the dilution experiments indicated that there was grazing pressure of microzooplankton on phytoplankton in the Yueqing Bay throughout the year though the rate of microzooplankton grazing on phytoplankton varied seasonally. Phytoplanktons were growing at 0.26–2.07/d and grazed by microzooplankton at a rate of 0.15–0.48/d in different seasons. __________ Translated from Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2005, 25(8): 1853–1862 [译自: 生态学报, 2005, 25(8): 1853–1862]     

The zooplankton community structure in relation to its biological and physical environment on the Faroe shelf, 1989-1997

The Faroe shelf water is separated from the offshore water by a persistent tidal front, which surrounds the islands. This shelf water contains a neritic zooplankton community, which, regarding species composition, production, seasonal development and environmental conditions, is quite different from that in the surrounding ocean. While during spring and summer the zooplankton in the oceanic environment are dominated by the copepod Calanus finmarchicus, the zooplankton in the shelf water are largely dominated by neritic copepods, mainly Acartia longiremis and Temora longicornis. Calanus finmarchicus occurs in interannually highly variable abundance in the Faroe shelf ecosystem. Meroplanktonic larvae, mainly Balanus spp, and decapod larvae, are also common in the shelf water during spring and summer. During the period presented (1989-1997), the Faroe shelf ecosystem has undergone very large changes in abundance of different zooplankton species. The midsummer abundance of C.finmarchicus, which originally is advected into the shelf from the open ocean, fluctuated from 400 copepods m^-3 in 1989 to 25 copepods m^-3 in 1994, and at the same time the neritic zooplankton increased from 120 m^-3 in 1989 to 450 m^-3 in 1994. Consequently, the midsummer biomass in the shelf fluctuated by a factor of 10 during the same period. It is presumed that this variability between oceanic- and neritic-dominated zooplankton, their sizes and their biomass has greatly affected the entire pelagic ecosystem.