过量表达菊花DmDREBa基因提高转化烟草耐低温能力

各种环境因素,如干旱、高盐、激素和低/高温等非生物胁迫对植物的生长发育造成很大影响。DREB转录因子在植物抵抗非生物胁迫中起到关键作用。本研究通过根癌农杆菌介导的叶盘转化法将菊花DmD REBa基因导入烟草中并进行了耐低温能力分析。研究利用PCR的方法鉴定出了43株转基因阳性植株。随机选取其中9株转基因植株,有7株在RNA转录水平能够表达。Southern杂交检测表明,DmD REBa基因以1~3个拷贝形式随机插入到烟草基因组中。胁迫处理结果表明,DmD REBa基因明显增强了转基因烟草抵抗低温能力。通过叶片上下表皮气孔密度检测,发现转基因烟草的蒸腾失水量远远低于对照野生型。进一步对低温胁迫下转基因烟草的丙二醛含量进行测定分析,发现转基因烟草丙二醛含量比野生型烟草低22.29%。综上结果表明,DmD REBa基因能够提高转基因烟草对低温的耐受能力,为菊花DREB转录因子的深入研究提供理论依据,并为进一步解析菊花DREB基因功能奠定基础。     

过量表达棉花CBF2基因提高转基因拟南芥抗旱耐盐能力

CBF/DREB是一类植物中特有的转录因子,在植物抵抗逆境胁迫过程中发挥重要功能。本研究从陆地棉(Gossypium hirsutum L.)Coker 312中克隆获得1个棉花CBF/DREB基因,命名为Gh CBF2,该基因编码一个由216个氨基酸组成的CBF蛋白。序列分析结果显示,Gh CBF2与其他植物的CBF蛋白类似,含有AP2转录因子典型的保守结构域。干旱或高盐胁迫处理明显增加了Gh CBF2基因的表达量。亚细胞定位分析结果发现Gh CBF2定位在细胞核中。将Gh CBF2基因构建到由35S启动子调控的植物表达载体p MD上并转化拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana L.),结果表明,在干旱和盐胁迫条件下,过量表达Gh CBF2基因拟南芥的成活率显著高于野生型,并且游离脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量也高于野生型,说明转Gh CBF2基因提高了拟南芥的耐盐抗旱能力。采用实时荧光定量PCR方法分析胁迫相关标记基因COR15A、RD29A和ERD6的表达情况,结果显示转基因株系中的表达量显著高于野生型,说明Gh CBF2参与调控拟南芥干旱和盐胁迫相关基因的表达。     

草坪草狗牙根中抗逆基因BeDREB的克隆及功能鉴定

DREB(dehydrationresponsiveelementbindingprotein)蛋白是一类在植物中所特有的,能与DRE(dehydrationresponsiveelement)顺式作用元件特异性结合的转录因子,调控与干旱、高盐以及低温等逆境胁迫应答有关基因的表达.根据狗牙根近缘植物的DREB转录因子的AP2EREBP保守结构域的基因序列,通过RTPCR和RACE的方法分别从冷诱导和盐诱导的狗牙根cDNA中扩增到了2个似DREB基因,分别命名为BeDREB1和BeDREB2,并已提交NCBIGenBank,其登录号分别为AY462117和AY462118.这两个基因的编码框均为753个碱基,编码251个氨基酸,具有DREB转录因子的典型特征.两种逆境胁迫下扩增的基因序列同源性很高,达到了97.8%.利用酵母单杂交真核转录激活的方法进行了功能鉴定,证明BeDREB1和BeDREB2蛋白均可以与DRE顺式作用元件结合,激活下游报告基因HIS3的表达.RTPCR结果显示,BeDREB1基因受冷胁迫诱导表达,而BeDREB2受盐胁迫的诱导表达,且随着诱导时间的不同,表达量也在发生变化.上述结果表明,从狗牙根中克隆到的BeDREB1和BeDREB2基因属于DREB转录因子家族的新成员,在狗牙根中分别与冷胁迫和盐胁迫的信号转导有关.     

过表达秋茄C2H2型锌指蛋白基因KcZFP提高烟草耐盐性

基因转录调节是植物对非生物胁迫适应机制的一个重要方面,转录调节因子在胁迫信号转导途径中调节下游基因的表达,在建立植物对胁迫适应性过程中起到重要作用.锌指蛋白是功能多样的转录调节因子蛋白家族,家族成员在植物响应非生物胁迫方面扮演着重要角色.本研究以秋茄C2H2型锌指蛋白编码基因KcZFP为目的基因,在烟草中过表达KcZFP,分析C2H2型锌指蛋白在植物耐盐性中的作用.研究结果显示:转基因株系中,KcZFP表达量显著提高.过表达KcZFP的烟草植株的耐盐性明显提高,在200 mmol/L NaCl处理的条件下,KcZFP过表达烟草中脯氨酸水平远高于野生型植株.对光合作用参数比较分析显示,在KcZFP过表达植株中净光合速率受盐胁迫的影响小于野生型植株,光合系统在一定程度上得到了保护.研究结果说明KcZFP作为转录调节因子参与了植物的渗透调节,对植物的耐盐性具有贡献.     

拟南芥非生物胁迫应答基因表达的调节子研究概况

分子生物学研究表明,植物中由诸如干旱、高盐和低温等环境胁迫因子诱导的几个基因具有多种功能。大多数干旱应答基因是由植物激素脱落酸（ABA）诱导的,但也有少数基因例外。对模式植物拟南芥基因表达中的干旱应答基因的分析表明,至少存在4个独立调节系统（调节子）。对典型胁迫诱导表达的一些基因中启动子的顺势作用元件和影响这些基因表达的转录子也已进行了分析。已经分离出与脱水效应元件/C重复序列（DRE/CRT）顺势作用元件结合的转录因子,并命名为DRE结合蛋白1/C重复序列结合因子（DREB1/CBF）和DRE结合蛋白2（DREB2）。在转基因拟南芥植株中,DREB1/CBF过量表达可增加其抗寒、抗旱和抗盐碱的能力。DREB1/CBF基因已成功地在许多不同作物中得到应用,从而提高作物对非生物胁迫的耐受性。与胁迫反应相关的其他转录因子的研究也正在取得进展。     

DREB转录因子与植物非生物胁迫抗性研究进展

干旱、高盐、低温等非生物逆境胁迫严重影响植物的生长发育和作物产量。转录因子在调节植物生长发育以及对外界环境胁迫的响应方面起着重要作用。DREB类转录因子即干旱应答元件结合蛋白是AP2/EREBP转录因子家族的一个亚家族,拥有保守的AP2结构域,能够与DRE/CRT顺式作用元件特异结合,在非生物逆境胁迫条件下调节一系列下游胁迫诱导逆境应答基因的表达,从而提高植物耐逆性。就DREB转录因子的结构特点、表达调控以及提高转基因植株胁迫耐受性的最新研究成果进行了评述。     

野生大豆盐碱胁迫相关GsTIFY11b的克隆与功能分析

以耐盐碱野生大豆(Glycine soja L.G07256)为材料, 采用同源克隆方法和RT-PCR技术获得一个TIFY 类基因的全长cDNA(命名为GsTIFY11b)。进化树分析表明, 与其他物种相比, GsTIFY11b与拟南芥的AtTIFY11a基因相似性最高, 达到56%; 序列分析表明GsTIFY11b蛋白除具有 TIFY保守结构域外, 还具有一个N端保守结构域和一个C端保守的Jas结构域; 实时荧光定量PCR结果显示该基因受盐和碱胁迫诱导表达; 将GsTIFY11b转化拟南芥来验证其耐盐碱功能, 获得两个转基因纯合体株系, 盐碱胁迫分析结果表明, GsTIFY11b的超量表达没能提高拟南芥对盐碱胁迫的耐性, 并且与野生型相比, 转基因植株在种子萌发期和苗期表现出对盐胁迫更加敏感。盐胁迫信号通路相关marker基因在转基因拟南芥中的表达特性分析表明, GsTIFY11b可以调控RD29B、KIN1、DREB等基因的转录。在洋葱表皮细胞中瞬时表达GsTIFY11b-GFP融合蛋白的结果表明, GsTIFY11b定位于细胞核中。上述结果表明, 该基因在细胞核中起着转录调节子的作用, 可能是通过调控盐胁迫信号通路中关键基因的表达来改变植物对盐胁迫的耐受性。     

野生大豆盐碱胁迫相关GsTIFY11b的克隆与功能分析

以耐盐碱野生大豆(Glycine soja L.G07256)为材料,采用同源克隆方法和RT-PCR技术获得一个TIFY类基因的全长cDNA(命名为GsTIFY11b)。进化树分析表明,与其他物种相比,GsTIFY11b与拟南芥的AtTIFY11a基因相似性最高,达到56%;序列分析表明GsTIFY11b蛋白除具有TIFY保守结构域外,还具有一个N端保守结构域和一个C端保守的Jas结构域;实时荧光定量PCR结果显示该基因受盐和碱胁迫诱导表达;将GsTIFY11b转化拟南芥来验证其耐盐碱功能,获得两个转基因纯合体株系,盐碱胁迫分析结果表明,GsTIFY11b的超量表达没能提高拟南芥对盐碱胁迫的耐性,并且与野生型相比,转基因植株在种子萌发期和苗期表现出对盐胁迫更加敏感。盐胁迫信号通路相关marker基因在转基因拟南芥中的表达特性分析表明,GsTIFY11b可以调控RD29B、KIN1、DREB等基因的转录。在洋葱表皮细胞中瞬时表达GsTIFY11b-GFP融合蛋白的结果表明,GsTIFY11b定位于细胞核中。上述结果表明,该基因在细胞核中起着转录调节子的作用,可能是通过调控盐胁迫信号通路中关键基因的表达来改变植物对盐胁迫的耐受性。     

‘云香’水仙NtWRKYY2基因的克隆及功能分析

以‘云香’水仙为材料,采用PCR技术分离中国水仙WRKY转录因子家族成员NtWRKYY2(GenBank登录号为KX056496),其开放阅读框(ORF)长度为867bp,编码289个氨基酸。氨基酸序列比对及系统进化树分析显示,NtWRKYY2编码蛋白含1个WRKY结构域和C2H2锌指结构(Csx4Cx23HxH),属于第Ⅱd类WRKY转录因子。实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)分析显示,NtWRKYY2在‘云香’水仙应对盐胁迫中显著上调表达。利用InFusion克隆技术成功构建过表达载体pMDC140-NtWRKYY2,并采用农杆菌介导叶盘法转化烟草,获得11株卡那霉素抗性植株,转化子进一步PCR检测结果显示,其中有8株目的基因已成功导入烟草基因组中,转化率为72%。盐胁迫处理和叶绿素荧光参数分析显示,盐胁迫处理后NtWRKYY2过表达的转基因烟草萎蔫和黄化程度小于野生型植株,Fv/Fm值下降幅度小于野生型植株。研究表明,NtWRKYY2过表达的转基因烟草具有抵抗盐胁迫的能力。该研究为水仙抗盐转基因育种提供备选目的基因。     

秋茄KcRD22基因的克隆与功能分析

本文以用200 mmol/L NaCl处理24 h后的秋茄幼苗为材料提取秋茄叶片总RNA,利用RT-PCR方法克隆获得KcRD22基因的全长cDNA,通过构建pCAMBIA-2300-KcRD22过表达载体,利用农杆菌侵染的方式获得过表达KcRD22的烟草转基因株系,并对转基因株系的耐盐性做出初步分析.实验结果显示:KcRD22基因的ORF长1 131 bp,编码1个等电点为9.07、分子量为39.8 kD、由375个氨基酸组成的蛋白.PCR及RT-PCR鉴定结果表明,KcRD22基因已经分别整合到8株烟草的染色体中,并在两个株系中获得表达.对转基因烟草进行光合作用测定,结果显示100 mmol/L NaCl处理显著降低了野生型烟草的净光合速率,而转基因植株叶片的光合作用受到的影响较小.盐浓度达到200 mmol/L时,转基因植株及野生型烟草净光合速率都明显降低,但盐胁迫解除后,转基因烟草光合作用的恢复情况明显好于野生型烟草,说明KcRD22的过表达提高了烟草的抗盐性.本文初步确定了KcRD22基因对植物耐盐性的贡献,这为进一步深入研究该基因在耐盐机制中的功能奠定了良好基础.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Synthesis and antimicrobial studies of hydrazone derivatives of 4-[3-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4-formyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid and 4-[3-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-4-formyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid

Microbial resistance to antibiotics is an unresolved global concern, which needs urgent and coordinated action. One of the guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Preventions (CDC) to combat antibiotic resistance is the development of new antibiotics to treat drug-resistant bacteria. In our effort to find new antibiotics, we report the synthesis and antimicrobial studies of 30 new pyrazole derivatives. These novel molecules have been synthesized by using readily available starting materials and benign reaction conditions. Some of these molecules have shown activity with MIC values as low as 0.78?µg/mL against four bacterial strains; Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Furthermore, active molecules are non-toxic to mammalian cell line.

     

Novel compounds with potent CDK9 inhibitory activity for the treatment of myeloma

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and Polo-like kinases (PLKs) play key role in the regulation of the cell cycle. The aim of our study was originally the further development of our recently discovered polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) inhibitors. A series of new 2,4-disubstituted pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized around the original hit, but their PLK1 inhibitory activity was very poor. However the novel compounds showed nanomolar CDK9 inhibitory activity and very good antiproliferative effect on multiple myeloma cell lines (RPMI-8226).