滇藏常绿杜鹃亚属的修订

常绿杜鹃亚属Subgenus Hymenanthes是由K.Koch(1872)根据Blume(1826)建立的Genus Hymenanthes改级组合而成。但长期以来人们一直沿用了Maximowicz(1870)所建立的、后由Koehne(1893)修订过的Subgenus Eurhododendron这一亚属名称,直到最近D.F.Chamberlain(1978,1979,1982)对该亚属的名称才作了正式订正。 这里要强调指出,N.F.Tagg(1930)“The Species of Rhododendron”一书中系统地整理了该亚属的种类,首次建立了亚属下的分类系统。在此基础上,H.O.     

羽叶恙螨亚属(叶片恙螨属)一新种的记述(蜱螨目:恙螨科)

1948年Radford建立叶片恙螨属Trombiculindus Radford,以后,Sinha 1954年根据恙螨属Trombicula中某些种类盾板上的后侧毛和背毛都呈扁平而狭窄的柳叶状,其边缘上的锯齿长,而在恙螨属里建立了羽叶恙螨亚属Subgenus Plumosicola Sinha.1954.1964年徐荫祺教授认为羽叶恙螨亚属应当放在叶片恙螨属Trombiculindus里,同时他又根据叶片恙螨属中种的演化过程,进一步将叶片恙螨属分为羽叶恙螨亚属Subgenus Plumosicola和叶片恙螨亚属Subgenus Trombiculindus.羽叶恙螨亚属的种类在我国首次记述是1965年王敦清、余自忠报告云南省的两种,随后1981年赵善贤报告广东省一种,1982年     

中国杜鹃花属云锦杜鹃亚组的研究

云锦杜鹃亚组是(Subsect. Fortunea)杜鹃花属内常绿杜鹃亚属(Subgenus Hymenanthes原始亚组之一。含有26种7个亚种和12个变种。根据形态特征,地理分布和种间关系,将所有的种分为7个植物群,每群有特征描述,还备有全部中国种的地理分市及一个有6个梢物群在四川的分布图和1个杭物群A到E的演化趋势图,并表明植物群F和G的孤立地位。进而说明了本亚组杜鹃花的现代分布中心在中国四川西部地区。     

我国葛李恙螨亚属五新种记述(恙螨研究41)

绪言 葛李恙螨属的葛李恙螨亚属Subgenus Gahrliepia Oudemans,1912以盾板上具有8根毛为特征,而与同属中的葛妥恙螨亚属Subgenus Gateria Ewing,1938的区别在于后者盾板上毛数超过8根,而且大都不靠盾板边椽。Traub和Morrow(1955)认为后者的     

杜鹃花属植物种间杂交向性研究

为探讨杜鹃花属植物种间杂交的向性特征,依据该属5亚属、3组、12亚组、32种、33对正反交组合与自交性质清楚的186个杂交组合,对有关向性问题进行了初步研究。结果表明:(1)杜鹃花属植物种间杂交由双向可育→单向不育→双向不育的比率变化与其亲本的系统位置由原始→进化以及双亲间的亲缘关系由密切→疏远同向;原始的常绿杜鹃亚属(Subgen. Hymenanthes)内种间比较进化的杜鹃亚属(Subgen. Rhododendron)内易于杂交,而该两亚属之间却存在密切的亲缘关系,因此其亚属间杂交的可育比率也高于其他亚属间杂交。(2)在进化维度上,该属植物的种间杂交单向不育通常无固定的亲本搭配方向,但常绿杜鹃亚属内(Intra-Subgen. Hymenanthes,Intra-HY)、杜鹃亚属内(Intra-Subgen. Rhododendron,IntraRH)和映山红亚属×羊踯躅亚属(Subgen. Tsutsus×Subgen. Pentanthera)间的杂交搭配,有一定的倾向性。(3)种间杂交可育性与自交特性不同的亲本搭配方式相关,可育性大小的总倾向是SC×SCSI×SC≥SC×SISI×SI,其生殖进化方向是从自交亲和(SC)到自交不亲和(SI),并伴随异交生殖隔离的加强。(4)细胞不育和多倍体是引起单向不育的两个重要原因,SI亲本的介入会大幅度地增加种间杂交的不育比率。     

库蚊属一新种(海南库蚊)的记述

库蚊属泰蚊亚属(Subgenus Thaiomyia)系 Bram 于1966年建立。至今,仅发现产于泰国山地竹林中的模式种无梳库蚊[Culex(Thaiomyia)dispectus Bram,1966]一种。 1974年6月,陆宝麟、许荣满、李蓓思等同志,曾在海南岛吊罗山树洞采得一批库蚊幼虫并育出两性成蚊,随后将标本惠赠我院,复提出建设性的鉴别意见。经研究,其雌蚊及雄尾器颇似库状蚊亚属(Subgenus Culiciomyia),但其雄须长节腹面无特殊的枪锋状鳞     

杜鹃花属的子叶形态分类

通过对杜鹃花属中4个亚厲104种或变种的广叶形态观察发现:1、杜鹃花属中4个亚属间的子叶形态差异较大,杜鹃花鳞片的有无从子叶上就可以清楚地看出。2、常绿无鳞杜鹃亚属Subgenus Hymenanthes(BL)K.Koch的子叶边缘多只腺体状毛或白、棕色单毛,极少无毛。背面多为暗紫红色或为灰白及灰绿色,叶片多具侧脉少数仅具中脉;有鳞杜鹃亚屈SubgenusRhododendron的子叶边缘无毛或仅少数有白色单毛,背面基部或边缘具可数片,背面多为灰绿色极少暗紫色,叶片多具中脉少有侧脉;映山红亚属Subgeuus Tsutsusi(Sweet)Pojar-kova的子叶边缘无毛或仅一种有毛,背面灰绿色,具侧脉;马银花亚属Subgentis AzaleaslrumPlanch.的子叶近圆形,边缘无毛,具侧脉3-4对,背面白绿色。 有关杜鹃花属子叶形态研究,国外虽有报道,但仅涉及少数种类,最多的也不超过35种,其中野生种仅有7种,其代表性显然是不够的。在国内,有关杜鹃花属于叶形态分类方面的研究目前尚未见报道。杜鹃花是久负盛誉的世界名花,云南是杜鹃花的分布中心之一。观察杜鹃花和子叶形态并进行分类,不仅为杜鹃花的系统发育及杜鹃花属的分类提供佐证而且为杜鹃花的育种提供一个早期的鉴定指标。     

广东壳斗科木材的宏观结构及其与分类分布的关系

作者根据主要采自广东的壳斗科5属约93种木材标本进行了观察并试就 其宏观结构写出了分属的检索表。 从木材解剖的角度看来,作者认为：将( )亚 属(Subgenus Cyclobalanlopsis(Oerst．)Schneid．)和石栎亚属(Subgenus Pasania (Miq．)A．Camus)分别从栎属(Quercus L．)和柯属(Lithocarpus Bl．)分出独立成属是没有充分理由的。     

山茶属的系统大纲

本文提出了山茶属两个亚属、１４组和１１９种的系统大纲。这个大纲支持建立亚属的分类等级,归并了张宏达（ＨＴＣｈａｎｇ,１９８１－１９９６）系统中的两个亚属和９个组,取消了“亚组”和“系”的分类等级,界定了亚属和组的概念和范围,将已合格发表的３００余种的名称订正归并为１１９种     

局限蚊亚属局限蚊一新种的记述(双翅目:蚊科)

局限蚊亚属(Subgenus Topomyia Leicester)是局限蚊属中较大一个亚属,但该亚属在我国仅知屈端局限蚊(To.(Top.)inclinata Thurman,1959)一种(龚、陆,1984)。最近我们在云南省勐腊县原始森林中采获该亚属一新种,记述如下。     

旋花茄新鲜果实中的三个甾体皂苷

从茄科食用植物旋花茄(Solanum spirde)的新鲜果实中分离得到3个化合物,其中一个为新成分,经现代波谱学方法鉴定为26-0-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基-(25R)-呋甾-3β,22ξ,26-三醇-5-烯-3-0-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基-(1-2)-[3-0-(3-O-乙酰基)-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基-(1-4)]-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖苷(1).2个已知化合物分别为26-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基-(25R)-呋甾-22ξ-甲氧基-3β,26-二醇-5-烯-3-O-α-L-鼠李吡哺糖基-(1-2)-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖苷(2)和26-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基-(25R)-呋甾-3β,22ξ,26-三醇-5-烯-3-O-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基-(1-2)-[α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基-(1-4)]-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖苷(protodioscin)(3),均为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

Three new polyhydroxysteroids from the tropical starfish Asteropsis carinifera

Thirteen steroidal compounds including three new polyhydroxysteroids, (24R,25S)-24-methyl-5α-cholestane-3β,6α,8,15β,16β,26-hexaol, (22E,24R,25S)-24-methyl-5α-cholest-22-ene-3β,6α,8,15β,16β,26-hexaol and (22E,24R,25S)-24-methyl-5α-cholest-22-ene-3β,4β,6α,8,15β,16β,26-heptaol, have been isolated along with the previously known ten polyhydroxysteroids from the tropical starfish Asteropsis carinifera collected near the coast of Vietnam. The structures of new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods (mainly 2D NMR and ESI-mass-spectrometry).     

2,3-dihydrojaborosalactone A,a withanolide from Acnistus breviflorus

From Acnistus breviflorus the new 27-hydroxy-5β,6β-epoxy-1-oxo-(22R)-witha-24-enolide (2,3-dihydrojaborosalactone A) as well as seven known withanolides, withaferin A, 2,3-dihydrowithaferin A, 6α-chloro-5β-hydroxywithaferin A, 5,6-deoxywithaferin A, jaborosalactone A, jaborosalactone D and jaborosalactone E were isolated and characterized by means of spectroscopic (¹H NMR, ¹³ C NMR and mass spectral) methods. Depending on the extraction solvent (methanol or ethanol), a known artifact (3β-methoxy-2,3-dihydrowithaferin A) and the new 5α-methoxy-4,5-dihydrojaborosalactone B and 5α-ethoxy-4,5-dihydrojaborosalactone B were also isolated and characterized.     

Steroid sapogenins from Tristagma uniflorum

From bulbs of Tristagma uniflorum the known sapogenins tigogenin, neotigogenin and (20S,22R,25S)-5α-spirostan-3β,25-diol, as well as the new (20S,22R,25R)-5α-spirostan-3β,25-diol, (20S,22S,25S)-5α-furostan-22,25-epoxy-3β,26-diol and (20S,22S,25R) -5α-furostan-22,25-epoxy-3β,26-diol, were isolated and characterized by spectroscopic (IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, MS) methods.     

被子植物系统发育研究的现状与展望

为植物界最大的类群—被子植物建立一个能真正反映植物的进化历史和系统发育（phylogeny）的分类系统一直是许多植物系统学家和进化学家所向往的。到目前为止,已经提出的被子植物分类系统至少有二十多个。问题在于这样的分类系统能否说已符合于系统发育的要求？要回答这个问题,首先必须弄清系统发育的真正含义是什么。     

Solanopubamine,a steroidal alkaloid from Solanum pubescens

Aerial parts of Solanum pubescens yielded a new steroidal alkaloid, solanopubamine, the structure of which was elucidated as 3β-amino-5α,22αH,25βH-solanidan-23β-ol by ¹³C NMR, ¹H NMR, IR, mass spectral analysis and chemical degradation methods.     

Synthesis and anti-glioma activity of 25(R)-spirostan-3β,5α,6β,19-tetrol

Malignant gliomas are common and aggressive brain tumours in adults. The rapid proliferation and diffuse brain migration are the main obstacles to successful treatment. Here, we show 25(R)-spirostan-3β,5α,6β,19-tetrol, a polyhydroxy steroid, is capable of suppressing proliferation and migration of C6 malignant glioma cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The compound 25(R)-spirostan-3β,5α,6β,19-tetrol was synthesised by seven steps starting from diosgenin in 8.55% overall yield. The structures of the synthetic compounds were characterised by infrared (IR), ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), ¹³C NMR spectra and EA.     

Polyhydroxylated steroids from an endophytic fungus, Chaetomium globosum ZY-22 isolated from Ginkgo biloba

A novel polyhydroxylated C₂₉-sterol, 25ξ-methyl-22-homo-5α-cholest-7,22-diene-3β,6β,9α-triol, designated globosterol (1), together with one known tetrahydroxylated ergosterol (22E, 24R)-ergosta-7,22-diene-3β,5α,6β,9α-tetraol (2) has been isolated from the cultures of an endophytic fungus, Chaetomium globosum ZY-22 originated from the plant Ginkgo biloba. The structures and relative configurations of 1 and 2 were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses including 1D and 2D NMR (¹H-¹H COSY, HSQC, HMBC, and NOESY) experiments and comparison with the literature. Globosterol (1) possesses an unprecedented 25-methyl Δ²²-C₁₀-side chain and Δ⁷-3β,6β,9α-hydroxy-steroid nucleus, which represents the first example for C₂₉-steroids of the group.     

Cytotoxic steroids from Monascus purpureus-fermented rice

Bioassay-guided fractionation of an EtOH extract of Monascus purpureus-fermented rice led to the isolation of two new steroids (22S, 23R, 24S)-20β,23α,25α-trihydroxy-16,22-epoxy-4,6,8(14)-trienergosta-3-one (1), the first example of a steroid possessing both a conjugated triene ketone system and a fused 4H-furan ring side chain within one molecule, and (22E, 24R)-3β,5α-dihydroxyergosta-23-methyl-7,22-dien-6-one (2), as well as two known compounds (22E, 24R)-3β,5α-dihydroxyergosta-7,22-dien-6-one (3) and (22E, 24R)-6β-methoxy-ergosta-7,22-diene-3β,5α-diol (4). Their structures were assigned by detailed interpretation of HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data. The absolute stereochemistry of 1 was determined by single-crystal X-ray crystallography while the absolute stereochemistry of 2 was established by CD. Compounds 1-4 showed cytotoxic activity against the lung adenocarcinoma (A549) with IC(50) values of 0.08, 0.94, 12.6 and 13.5 μM, respectively. In addition, compounds 1 and 2 exhibited moderate activities against human ovarian cancer (A2780), with IC(50) values of 2.8 and 5.1 μM.     

Antifungal saponins from bulbs of white onion,Allium cepa L.

Three saponins, named ceposide A, ceposide B, and ceposide C were isolated from the bulbs of white onion, Allium cepa L. Elucidation of their structure was carried out by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, including 2D NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, and chemical evidences. The structures of the compounds were identified as (25R)-furost-5(6)-en-1β,3β,22α,26-tetraol 1-O-β-d-xylopyranosyl 26-O-α-d-rhamnoyranosyl-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-galactopyranoside (ceposide A), (25R)-furost-5(6)-en-1β,3β,22α,26-tetraol 1-O-β-d-xylopyranosyl 26-O-α-d-rhamnoyranosyl-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (ceposide B), and (25R)-furost-5(6)-en-1β,3β,22α,26-tetraol 1-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl 26-O-α-d-rhamnoyranosyl-(1 → 2)-O-β-d-galactopyranoside (ceposide C). The isolated compounds, alone and in combinations, were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity on ten fungal species. Antifungal activity of all three saponins increased with their concentration and varied with the following rank: ceposide B > ceposide A–ceposide C. We found a significant synergism in the antifungal activity of the three ceposides against Botrytis cinerea and Trichoderma atroviride, because growth of these fungi was strongly inhibited when the three saponins were applied in combination. In contrast, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, Sclerotium cepivorum and Rhizoctonia solani were very little affected by saponins.