静注人免疫球蛋白中白喉抗体效价对其Fc段生物学活性检测结果影响的分析

目的分析静注人免疫球蛋白(IVIG)中白喉抗体效价对其Fc段生物学活性检测的影响。方法检测20批IVIG的白喉抗体效价水平和Fc段生物学活性结果,进一步探讨白喉抗体效价与Fc段生物学活性的关系。结果20批IVIG中白喉抗体效价水平均符合中国药典的要求,在3~60 HAU/g之间,其中有两批IVIG的白喉抗体效价水平相对较高,其他18批IVIG的白喉抗体效价水平变化趋势不明显。20批IVIG的Fc段生物学活性均较高,在60%~140%之间。白喉抗体效价水平高者,其Fc段生物学活性并非高,反之亦然。结论 IVIG的Fc段生物学活性与其白喉抗体效价水平无明显的相关性。     

静注人免疫球蛋白(pH4)中抗-HBs效价双抗原夹心ELISA的验证

目的用双抗原夹心ELISA检测静注人免疫球蛋白(p H4)(human immunoglobulin for intravenous injection,IVIG)中抗-乙型肝炎病毒表面抗体(HBs)效价并进行方法验证。方法依据2003年版《药品生产验证指南》,对用双抗原夹心ELISA进行专属性、重复性、中间精密度、线性、准确度、范围、耐用性的验证;并与放射免疫方法测定抗-HBs效价的结果进行比对。结果专属性验证中,6次独立试验的回收率在83.7%~101.1%区间内;重复性试验中10、40、80、160 IU/L 4个浓度的3次重复检测结果的RSD均<20%;中间精密度验证结果显示,两位分析人员不同时间各测定6次,检测结果的RSD=5.2%,均<20%。F检验显示,人员和时间两因素在α=0.05水平上对检测结果均无统计学意义(P=0.41>0.05,F=2.19);线性验证中,抗-HBs免疫球蛋白国家标准品和IVIG成品各重复3次的相关系数r分别为0.984 3、0.990 7、0.982 2、0.991 7、0.988 3、0.992 5,均>0.980 0;在准确度验证中,3次重复检测结果的回收率为84.10%~114.10%;耐用性结果显示,在试验加入终止液后0、3、6、9、12 min的测定结果均与0 min无统计学意义(Dunnett t test,α=0.05,P>0.05,t(3)=1.350.05,t=2.27)。结论经验证,用双抗原夹心ELISA检测IVIG中抗-HBs效价,其专属性、重复性、中间精密度、线性、准确性、范围和耐用性均符合要求,该方法准确可靠、简便快速,可替代放射免疫法(radioimmunoassay,RIA)用于IVIG中抗-HBs效价的测定。     

钦南区1～6岁儿童乙肝及白喉疫苗免疫效果分析

目的分析钦南区儿童乙肝及白喉疫苗接种后的免疫效果,为该地区儿童免疫规划工作提供科学依据。方法采用整群随机抽样方法,选取5个乡镇1~6岁常住儿童151名为调查对象,进行病毒性乙型肝炎(乙肝)、白喉血清学检测,并对结果进行分析。结果 HBsAg阳性2人,阳性率1.32%;抗-HBs阳性112人,阳性率74.17%。白喉IgG阳性142人,阳性率94.04%。抗-HBs中位数21.32 mIU/mL,白喉IgG中位数0.14 mIU/mL,乙肝疫苗首针及时接种率83.44%;男女抗-HBs阳性率、白喉IgG阳性率、抗体中位数差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),抗-HBs阳性率、白喉IgG阳性率随年龄的增长而下降(P0.01)。结论钦南区1~6岁儿童乙肝疫苗接种率、首针及时接种率均达到了国家免疫规划的目标,白喉IgG阳性率维持较高的水平,但HBsAg阳性率略高于国家免疫规划的目标,儿童免疫规划工作仍需进一步加强。     

SARS康复患者血浆蛋白谱的双向凝胶电泳分析

以蛋白质双向凝胶电泳（2-DE）比较了不同中和抗体效价的SARS康复患者血浆样本（试验组）与正常人单采血浆样本（对照组）蛋白谱的异同。结果显示：对照组9份样本的2-DE 图谱出现蛋白斑点338±24个,试验组9份样本出现蛋白斑点348±45个,二者主要斑点的位置与数量基本一致;对照组中少量蛋白斑点的出现频度不同,且有4个蛋白点群的灰度值存在明显的差异;试验组有6个蛋白点群与对照组出现差异,并在相同区域Ⅲ内有4个蛋白斑点的灰度值出现变化,且灰度值与样本的中和抗体效价呈正相关性。结果表明,试验组与对照组的蛋白谱存在差异,且与SARS病毒中和抗体效价呈现相关性。     

母源性抗-HBs对新生儿接种乙型肝炎疫苗的远期影响

目的:观察新生儿体内母源性乙型肝炎表面抗体(抗-HBs)对乙型肝炎疫苗接种后抗体应答的远期影响。方法:2006年10月-2007年1月在南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院产前检查并住院分娩的单胎足月妊娠妇女中,选择抗-HBs阳性孕妇32例,抗-HBs阴性孕妇32例,其新生儿均按0、1、6方案接种重组(酵母)乙型肝炎疫苗,检测两组儿童乙型肝炎疫苗第3针接种后2年血清抗-HBs浓度。结果:新生儿接种乙型肝炎疫苗第3针后2年,母源性抗-HBs阴性组与阳性组儿童抗-HBs阳性率分别为90.6%与87.5%,其抗-HBs几何平均浓度分别为73.48mIU/ml与75.49mIU/ml,两组间抗-HBs阳性率与GMC的差异均无统计学意义(P=1.000,P=0.778);6例母源性抗-HBs>1000mIU/ml儿童中1例抗-HBs转阴(16.7%),而母源性抗-HBs<1000mIU/ml组和母源性抗-HBs组的儿童抗-HBs转阴率分别仅为7.69%和11.1%,但差异无统计学意(P=0.811)。结论:新生儿目前按照0,1,6方案接种乙型肝炎疫苗,能够有效保护其抵抗乙型肝炎病毒的感染;母源性抗-HBs对新生儿接种乙型肝炎疫苗...     

兰州生物制品研究所马匹免疫血浆单采术创意由来

本人有从事冻干健康人血浆研制、马匹饲养、马匹免疫采血和负责原料血浆单采站业务的切身经历,发现血浆单采术具有强大的生命力,很自然联想到人血浆单采术也可以移植到马匹免疫血浆的采集,于是马匹免疫血浆单采术的创意就产生了。在兰州生物制品研究所职工代表大会的发言时谈出了自己的观点,得到了免疫室同仁的响应并付诸实施。     

人血丙种球蛋白中的白喉和麻疹抗体检测报告

人血丙种球蛋白中的白喉和麻疹抗体检测报告肖在澜钱秋娟（卫生部兰州生物制品研究所,兰州７３００４６）分类号Ｒ３７１．６根据《中国生物制品规程》及有关文件的要求,人血丙种球蛋白中所含的白喉抗体应≥２ＨＡＵ／ｇ蛋白质,麻疹血凝抑制抗体其效价应为原料血浆的１...     

采用多种抗原测定静注人免疫球蛋白(pH4)中抗体Fc段生物学活性的初探

目的初步探讨采用多种抗原测定静注人免疫球蛋白(IVIG)(pH4)中抗体的Fc段生物学活性,了解IVIG中抗体的Fc段生物学活性。方法采用补体活化的经典途径中免疫复合物激活补体的方法,将不同浓度的麻疹病毒、风疹病毒、乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)、破伤风类毒素、脑膜炎球菌P64k外膜蛋白和白喉类毒素6种抗原分别致敏人O型血红细胞形成红细胞-抗原结合物;然后,6种致敏红细胞分别与IVIG孵育,与特异性抗体形成红细胞-抗原-抗体复合物;最后,此复合物与补体反应,在541 nm波长处读取吸光值,并绘制溶血反应动力学曲线,分别计算IVIG中针对上述6种抗原IgG的Fc段生物学活性。采用此方法,用6种抗原致敏的红细胞测定IVIG的Fc段生物学活性10次,验证此方法的重复性。结果麻疹病毒、风疹病毒、HBsAg、破伤风类毒素和脑膜炎球菌P64k外膜蛋白致敏的红细胞分别与供试品和补体反应后,测定的溶血反应动力学曲线较平缓,而白喉类毒素致敏的红细胞与供试品和补体反应后,测定的溶血反应动力学曲线下降明显,呈典型的"S"型曲线。计算结果显示,IVIG中针对此六种抗原的抗体Fc段生物学活性相对于参考品均大于80%。Fc段生物学检测方法重复性较好。结论采用多种抗原分别致敏红细胞,可以用来检测IVIG中多种抗体的Fc段生物学活性,为深入了解IVIG制品中的多种抗体的Fc段生物学活性奠定了基础。     

人免疫球蛋白中肠道病毒71型中和抗体效价的测定

采用经典微量细胞病变法,应用近两年分离自中国手足口病(HFMD)高发区的3株肠道病毒71型(EV71)病毒株,对中国不同血液制品厂家生产的35批人免疫球蛋白制品进行抗-EV71中和效价检测。结果显示,3株不同EV71病毒株间的抗-EV71中和效价差异均在4倍以内,差异无显著的统计学意义(F=2.323,P0.05)。根据这3株毒株检测结果判定,35批人免疫球蛋白的抗-EV71均为阳性,肌肉注射用免疫球蛋白(简称肌丙)的抗-EV71-GMTs(525.9)显著高于静脉注射用免疫球蛋白(简称静丙)的GMTs(252.3,F=66.518,P0.01)。30批静丙的抗-EV71-GMTs中和效价分布在128.0~384.0之间。应开展原料血浆中抗-EV71中和效价的筛选,研制高效价的EV71特异性免疫球蛋白制品,用于HFMD的治疗和预防。     

肺炎支原体抗独特型卵黄抗体的制备与鉴定

目的制备肺炎支原体(M.pneumonia)抗独特型卵黄抗体(vitelline Ab2),鉴定其生物学特性,探讨其作为动物疫苗的潜在应用价值。方法首先制备兔、小鼠抗肺炎支原体抗体(Ab1),筛选出对肺炎支原体有免疫中和性的兔抗体和小鼠抗体,再用兔抗体免疫产蛋鸡,筛选并收集有高效价抗独特型卵黄抗体的鸡蛋,分离蛋黄,破碎蛋黄组织,用蒸馏水稀释和酸化提取抗独特型卵黄抗体。用冷酒精沉淀法纯化抗独特型卵黄抗体。用ELISA检测肺炎支原体抗独特型卵黄抗体(Ab2)的效价、质量浓度和特异性。用竞争抑制试验和动物免疫检测卵黄Ab2β。结果兔抗肺炎支原体抗体的效价为1×10~(-6),Ab1的效价为1×10~(-4)～1×10~(-5);以上抗体均只和肺炎支原体发生免疫反应,不和解脲支原体发生免疫反应;它们和肺炎支原体混合后能中和肺炎支原体的活性,使其不能在条件培养基生长。Ab2效价为1×10~(-5),质量浓度为8 mg/mL。该抗独特型卵黄抗体只和Ab1发生免疫反应,不和小鼠抗解脲支原体抗体发生免疫反应。该Ab2和Ab1结合能被肺炎支原体竞争抑制,且Ab2能诱导小鼠产生肺炎支原体抗体(Ab3),该Ab3能和肺炎支原体发生免疫反应。结论成功制备了特异性强、效价高的β型Ab2,具有作为动物肺炎支原体疫苗的潜在应用价值。     

Evaluation of the reactogenicity and immunogenic potency of combined vaccine "Bubo-Kok" in the immunization of children against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and viral hepatitis B

Combined vaccine "Bubo-Kok" is characterized by safety and high immunological activity. The number of postvaccinal reactions in children aged 1 and 2 years, immunized with vaccine "Bubo-Kok", was not statistically different from those in groups of children immunized with adsorbed DPT vaccine, as well with such vaccine in combination with vaccine against hepatitis B. After the completion of the primary course of immunization 100% of children had protective antibody titers against diphtheria, tetanus and hepatitis B. Antibody titers against pertussis, equal to or exceeding protective titers, were found in more than 70% of immunized children. The immunogenic potency of vaccine "Bubo-Kok" with respect to all its components was not inferior to that of adsorbed DPT vaccine and vaccine against hepatitis B, when introduced simultaneously in different areas of the body. Vaccine "Bubo-Kok" successfully passed state trials and was recommended for registration.     

Analyzing titers of antibodies against bacterial and viral antigens,and bacterial toxoids in the intravenous immunoglobulins utilized in Taiwan

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) manufactured from human plasma contains IgG as the primary ingredient, and is used for indications such as immunodeficiency syndrome. Available IVIGs in Taiwan are either manufactured from Taiwanese or North American plasma. The effectiveness of the national immunization program of Taiwan can be evaluated by analyzing and comparing IVIG antibody titers that are induced through the corresponding vaccines (tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis, measles, rubella, hepatitis A, hepatitis B and varicella). Both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the in vitro neutralization test demonstrated that all IVIGs provide adequate clinical protection against diphtheria and tetanus toxins. ELISA results further revealed that plasma of Taiwanese subjects contains higher levels of pertussis toxin and filamentous hemagglutinin antibodies, when compared to foreign IVIGs. This may be related to the later adoption of acellular pertussis vaccine in Taiwan. Antibodies titers against measles, rubella, hepatitis A, and varicella-zoster virus were otherwise low. Low titers of hepatitis B surface antigen antibodies are present in Taiwanese plasma IVIG, indicating immune memory decline or loss. In conclusion, our results show that Taiwanese IVIG contains varying titers of vaccine-induced antibodies, and serves as a guide for future amendments to Taiwan's immunization program.     

不同佐剂对preS2／S乙型肝炎疫苗免疫原性的影响

目的探讨不同佐剂对preS2／S乙型肝炎疫苗免疫原性的影响。方法将BALB／C小鼠随机分为6组：铝屯剂组（S＋AI和S2／S＋A1）、细胞因子佐剂组（S2／S＋CKl、S2／S＋CK2和S2／S＋CK3）及阴性对照组（NG）,用相应抗原且腔免疫各组小鼠,1mL／只,分别于免疫后2、4和6周采血,分离血清,ELISA法检测血清中抗-HBs抗体和preS2圭体水平;wsT一1法检测淋巴细胞增殖情况。结果免疫后2周,铝佐剂组（S＋A1和S2／S＋A1）抗体水平较高,阳转i达100％,而细胞因子佐剂组抗-HBs抗体水平均较低,S2／S＋CK2及S2／S＋CK3组抗体阳转率为0,与NG组比较2异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;免疫后4周,细胞因子佐剂组抗-HBs抗体水平升高明显,铝佐剂组S2／S＋A1抗体水习显著高于S＋A1（P〈0．05）;免疫后6周,细胞因子佐剂组抗体水平高于铝佐剂组,其中S2／S＋CKl组抗体水平较高免疫后2周,各组小鼠血清中抗-preS2抗体均达到较高水平,各组间差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;免疫后4月和6周,抗体水平均有所下降,但下降不明显;铝佐剂组S＋AI和S2／S＋A1抗-preS2抗体水平差异无统计学意义（P0．05）。免疫后4周,各组小鼠淋巴细胞刺激指数铝佐剂组（S＋A1和S2／S＋A1）低于细胞因子佐剂组,且差异有统t学意义（P〈0．05）,其中S2／S＋CKl组淋巴细胞增殖水平较高。结论不同佐剂的preS2／S乙型肝炎疫苗均能诱导较高水平的抗-HBs和抗-preS2抗体,细胞因子佐剂组淋巴细胞增殖水平显著高于铝佐剂组,为新型乙型肝炎疫l和治疗性乙型肝炎疫苗的研究提供了实验依据。     

Immunogenicity of hepatitis B surface antigen derived from the baculovirus expression vector system: a mouse potency study

A standard mouse potency test was performed to evaluate the immunogenicity of recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) produced in the baculovirus/insect cell expression system. Groups of NIH Swiss mice were immunized with serial four-fold amounts of either baculovirus-derived HBsAg adsorbed to aluminum sulfate or a commercially available yeast-derived recombinant HBsAg vaccine preparation. Results from these experiments showed that the effective dose of baculovirus- and yeast-derived HBsAg vaccine preparations necessary to seroconvert 50% of the animals were similar. The duration of the antibody response to HBsAg was studied in mice immunized with the highest doses of the two recombinant vaccine preparations 3 and 6 months after injection. No decrease in the anti-HBs response was observed 6 months after injection. No decrease in the anti-HBs response was observed 6 months after immunization with either of the two vaccine preparations. These results indicate that the baculovirus-derived recombinant HBsAg could serve as an alternative vaccine candidate for hepatitis B virus.     

rHB-DTaP联合疫苗中抗-HBs抗体应答

在乙肝、白喉、破伤风、无细胞百日咳（ｒＨＢ－ＤＴａＰ）四联疫苗的研制过程中,我们采用基因工程乙肝疫苗（ＣＨＯ）,精制白喉、破伤风类毒素和无细胞百日咳菌苗原液,按不同的稀释液,不同的加入顺序以及不同的含量等制备四联疫苗,并以单价基因工程乙肝疫苗（ｒＨＢ）做对照,进行小鼠试验,接种４周后采血检测抗－ＨＢｓ水平。结果表明,不同配方的四联疫苗中ｒＨＢ与ＤＴａＰ均无干扰,相容性好;抗－ＨＢｓ免疫应答水平与单价苗（ｒＨＢ）无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）,使用生理盐水制备的ｒＨＢ－ＤＴａＰ其抗－ＨＢｓ免疫应答水平较醋酸盐缓冲液者高（Ｐ＜０．０５）,ｒＨＢ－ＤＴａＰ中的抗－ＨＢｓ免疫应答水平与ｒＨＢ原液的加入顺序无关（Ｐ＞０．０５）;ｒＨＢ含量以２０μｇ／ｍｌ为宜。     

Protection against hepatitis B by the Butang recombinant vaccine in newborn children in South Brazil

The prevention of hepatitis B by vaccination is one of the most efficient tools to avoid the transmission of the virus. This study evaluated the immunogenicity of the national vaccine Butang in children born in Campo Mour?o City, state of Paraná, Brazil, aged 7 to 12 months, by determining the anti-HBsAg antibodies levels after completion of the National Immunization Program Protocol for hepatitis B. All 70 children evaluated by the MEIA method (immune-enzymatic micro particles) showed seroconversion to the Butang vaccine. Nine children (12.9%) presented a low response, with anti-HBs titers between 11 and 100 mUI/ml; 39 children (55.7%) showed a good response to the vaccine, with titers between 101 and 1000 mUI/ml; and 22 children (31.4%) showed antibodies titers higher than 1000 mUI/ml. The mean titer of the anti-HBs antibody titers was 1408.1 +/- 2870.26 mUI/ml (15.7 to 19560.0 m UI/ml). The levels of antibodies produced by the prematurely-born children were not statistically different from those found in the newborns. Fifty-five children were also evaluated through the ELFA method (ELISA with a final detection in fluorescence), which presented similar results. The results obtained in our study corroborated the effectiveness of the national vaccine Butang in newborn children of Campo Mour?o City, Paraná, even if they were premature.     

HBsAg阴性母亲及其婴儿乙肝疫苗接种情况和免疫效果研究

目的：了解乙肝表面抗原阴性（HBsAg阴性）母亲及其婴儿乙肝疫苗接种情况及抗-HBs滴度水平,从而为今后针对该特殊人群进行更好的乙肝疫苗免疫策略提供依据。方法：2010年5月～2010年10月,对陕西省227对HBsAg阴性母亲及其婴幼儿（月龄为8～24月）进行流行病学调查并采集血液标本,对母婴血清抗-HBs进行定性及定量检测。结果：母亲乙肝表面抗体（抗-HBs）阳性率为45.4%,抗-HBs平均滴度为12.88 mIU/mL（95%CI：8.91-18.19）。婴儿乙肝疫苗首针、第二针和第三针的及时接种率分别为95.2%,93.8%和85.9%。婴儿抗-HBs阳性率为77.1%,抗-HBs平均滴度为37.15 mIU/mL（95%CI：28.18-48.98）。结论：婴儿乙肝疫苗首针及时接种率较高,但三针全程及时接种率仍需提高。母亲抗-HBs阳性率较低,应当重视HBsAg阴性孕龄妇女的乙肝疫苗接种及乙肝标志物的检测,从而提高该人群的乙肝免疫水平。     

The immunogenicity of recombinant LC16mO vaccinia virus harboring HBsAg gene in mice

It was found that hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) expressed by recombinant vaccinia virus (RVV), rProHBmO143, harboring HBsAg gene was immunologically similar to plasma-derived HBsAg and immunogenicity of the rProHBmO143 was possible to evaluate by the skin scarification (SS) method using BALB/c mice. When we compared the immunogenicity of 10(8) TCID50 of the rProHBmO143 by the SS method with that of 0.125 ml of the plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine (HB vaccine) given by intraperitoneal inoculation, the anti-HBs antibody eliciting ability of its RVV was almost the same as that of the HB vaccine with maintenance of high antibody titers, and the antibody responses rose further by re-inoculation in association with HB vaccine, especially by using its RVV as a priming. Also, no virus was recovered from the liver, spleen or brain of the mice inoculated with rProHBmO143 by the SS method. Furthermore, in mice inoculated with rProHBmO143 and then inoculated with RVV harboring Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) gene 24-weeks later, no effect was recognized on duration of anti-HBs antibody persistence while anti-JEV antibody is being produced. These results suggest that the rProHBmO143 is likely to become a practical live vaccine; a different immunization schedule to protect against hepatitis B virus and two or more kinds of RVV vaccines may be usable for the same animal or humans at intervals of some years.     

广州市1992-2007年出生新生儿接种乙型肝炎疫苗免疫效果评估

为评估广州市新生儿乙型肝炎疫苗(HepB)接种纳入计划免疫管理后免疫效果。对1992-2007年出生并接种HepB的新生儿2877人,按1992-2001年和2002-2007年出生新生儿分为计划免疫管理前(Ⅰ组)、计划免疫管理后(Ⅱ组)2组,采血检测乙肝病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)、乙肝病毒表面抗体(抗-HBs)和乙肝病毒核心抗体(抗-HBc)。Ⅱ组HBsAg阳性率为0.48%比Ⅰ组的4.54%阳性率下降了80.65%,在统计学意义上有显著差异。抗-HBc阳性率也由36.07%下降为26.73%,Ⅱ组的抗-HBs阳性率为75.19%,高于I组水平。新生儿乙型肝炎疫苗纳入计划免疫管理后群体免疫效果良好,使用不同种类乙肝疫苗效果没有统计学差异。重组(酵母)乙型肝炎疫苗有较好的近期保护效果和免疫原性,与以前使用血源乙型肝炎疫苗效果相当。