~(16)O~(8+)离子辐照普通小麦引起幼苗可溶性蛋白质的不同变化

利用不同能量、不同剂量的1 6 O8+ 离子辐照春麦。处理方式为离子贯穿种子 (75MeV u)以及离子注入胚和胚乳等种子的不同部位。然后分析其幼苗的可溶性蛋白质 (solubleprotein) ,根据其分子量大小不同 ,将其划分为五个区段并计算各组分的相对含量 ,结果表明 :1 同对照相比 ,随着辐照剂量的增加 ,所有辐照材料 (包括贯穿和注入 )第二区段 (分子量较高区段 )蛋白质组分的相对含量下降 ;而第五区段 (分子量最小区段 )蛋白质组分的相对含量升高。 2 种子的贯穿处理 ,同时也引起第一区段 (分子量最高区段 )和第三区段蛋白质组分相对含量的下降以及第四区段的升高 ;其中第三、四区段的变化明显区别于注入效应。 3 注入胚和胚乳的区别在于后者第一区段蛋白质组分相对含量的较大下降和第五区段的较大提高。 4 小剂量辐照的材料 ,可溶性蛋白质组分的变化异常 ,可能与低剂量辐射兴奋效应有关。在讨论中提出了注入胚的即时效应与注入胚乳的后期效应。     

沿重离子贯穿深度的番茄干种子辐射生物学效应研究

本文采用80MeV/u的^12C^6 辐照番茄干种子,研究处于不同离子贯穿深度番茄干种子的辐照生物学效应,检测其生理生化指标。结果表明：辐照后不同贯穿深度上番茄种子的发芽势与物理剂量对应,第8层样品（对应于碳离子在水中的贯穿深度为15mm）出现峰值76.7％,发芽率随离子入射深度的变化不明显;不同贯穿深度辐照样品的根尖细胞微核率也与物理剂量相对应,在第6、7层样品中出现峰值0.257％;另外,辐照样品幼苗茎叶的一氧化氮合酶（NOS）活性、谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量及总抗氧化力在第9层出现峰值,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-PX）活性在第7-8层出现峰值,超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性的变化与重离子贯穿深度没有明显的相关性。总而言之,本工作发现辐照品的多个生理生化指标均与入射离子的微剂量分布相对应,即存在生物效应峰。     

氮离子束对小麦种子不同部位作用的突变效应

本文描述了荷能重离子束（^14氮^1 和^14氮^7 ）在作物改良上的应用。为了探讨离子束轰击小麦种子不同部位（例如：种皮,种胚和整粒种籽,包括胚乳、胚和种皮）后的不同反应,采用了不同能量的氮离子。轰击不同部位是通过改变离子能量来实现的。在这个研究中,我们选择了三种能量以达到轰击不同部位的目的,它们是超低能区的110keV,低能区的15．7MeV/u和中能区的72MeV/u.根据TRIM 91程序计算,它们在种子内的射程依次为0．44μm,0.61mm和9.6mm。所以,110keV的离子不能贯穿种皮,因为它的厚度72μm,只能极浅层注入种皮而不能触及胚细胞（称这种情况为轰击部位1）,15．7MeV/u的离子能够贯穿种皮并注入胚内（厚度约1mm),但不能进入胚乳（称这为轰击部位2）,72MeV/u的离子能从种子的胚部到顶部贯穿整个麦粒（麦粒长约7mm)（称这为轰击部位3）。上述三种能量的氮离子辐照了三个品种（定西24、88－12、82－579）的春小麦种子。而后进行了室内实验和大田培育,得到了50％出苗率时的剂量D50,统计了上述三个轰击部位下根尖细胞中的微核率及染色体畸变率,大田中产生了一些新的变异,例如增产（达百分之几十）,早熟（五天左右）,矮杆（低约20cm),抗（条锈）病,并且显示了轰击不同部位的突变频率与突变谱,还简略地讨论了三种情况的突变机理。     

银杏种子和叶的蛋白质分析

采用分级提最方法提取银杏（Ginkgo biloba L.）种子和银杏叶蛋白质,并进行各组分蛋白质含量测定和银杏种子后熟过程中蛋白质含量动态变化的分析。结果表明,银杏种子以水溶性和盐溶性蛋白质为主,银杏叶以醇溶性蛋白质为主。银杏叶中主要蛋白质在HPLC柱中的保留时间为3.457min,相对含量达70%以上。银杏叶蛋白质含有丰富的亮氨酸、缬氨酸、赖氨酸和色氨酸,其含量分别为20.23%、13.35%、4.81%和3.73%。萌发种子胚体中的蛋白质主要是醇溶性蛋白质和谷蛋白类蛋白质。在种子萌发过程中,胚乳蛋白质含量明显增加,播种后第3周和萌发时总蛋白质含量达到高峰。     

低能氮离子注入对决明子的生物效应研究

用低能氮离子注入决明子种胚,种子浸泡液电导率显著增加,发芽势和发芽指数显著降低,幼苗主根长度减少,平均鲜重和活力指数显著降低.直接接受离子注入的种胚,其SOD酶活性随注入剂量的增加呈现出先下降再轻微上升的趋势.而没有直接接受离子注入的胚乳,其SOD酶活随注入剂量的增加呈马鞍形曲线.     

超低能离子注入作物育种的一种重要机制

本文通过超低能（１１０ｋｅＶ）离子注入和同步辐射碳光辐照两种手段处理了小麦种子,经萌发在其根尖细胞中均观察到了多种类型的染色体时变,而且同对照相比,均有明显的微核率与染色体总畸变率。根据理论分析和一些有关的实验证据,超低能离子注入小麦种子,因离子本身射程非常短（＜１μｍ）,不可能直接损伤麦皮下面的胚细胞,而由注入离子在作物种子内产生的各种特征Ｘ－射线,只要剂量足够,却能达到较深的部位,通过它们的间接作用就会损伤胚细胞造成生物学效应。因此,赵低能离子注入作物种子激发产生的特征Ｘ－射线是其诱变育种的一种重要机制．     

莲种子的极端高温耐性与抗氧化酶活性的变化

莲（Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn．）种子是一种长寿命和耐极端高温的种子．莲和玉米（Zeamays L．）种子的含水量分别为0．103和0．129gH20／g干重,随着在100℃处理时间的延长,种子的含水量、萌发率和由存活种子产生的幼苗鲜重逐渐降低．100℃处理15min时,玉米种子的萌发率为零;但莲种子被处理24h时,其萌发率仍然为13．5％．50％的玉米和莲种子被100℃处理致死的时间（T50）分别为6min和14．5h．随着100℃处理时间的延长,莲胚轴的相对电解质渗漏明显增加,总叶绿素含量显著下降,当在100℃处理时间短于12h时,莲下胚轴的亚细胞结构保持完整;当处理时间长于12h时,细胞逐渐发生质壁分离、内质网变得不清晰、核和核仁降解、大多数线粒体膨胀、脂质颗粒在细胞边界积累,最后细胞器和质膜降解．此外,莲胚轴和子叶的丙二醛（MDA）含量在100℃处理的0～12h内下降,然后增加：玉米胚和胚乳的MDA含量在100℃处理的5～10min内增加,然后有所下降．莲胚轴和子叶的超氧物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）和胚轴的过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性在100℃处理初期增加,然后下降;而莲胚轴和子叶的抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶（DHAR）和子叶的CAT活性随100℃处理时间的延长而逐渐下降．玉米胚和胚乳中的SOD,DHAR以及胚的GR活性在100℃处理初期增加,然后下降;玉米胚和胚乳中的APX,CAT和胚乳的GR活性随100℃处理时间的延长迅速下降,与种子萌发率下降的趋势相同,莲胚轴和子叶的SOD,APX,CAT,GR和DHAR活性下降缓慢,而在玉米胚和胚乳中这些酶的活性则迅速降低。     

荔枝胚蛋白质的提取方法

以不同体积的Tris-HCl(0.1mol／L,pH8．8)为提取液,结合不同含量(以胚鲜重计)的PVP40,对怀枝、黑叶和桂味等荔枝(Lithi chinensis)品种的胚蛋白质进行提取。结果表明,提取液体积为胚鲜重的5倍(ml g-1 FW),并加入15％的 PVP40时,提取蛋白质的效果最好,可用于荔枝胚可溶性蛋白质含量的测定;胚乳蛋白质的提取则以等体积的提取液(内含2％的PVP40)为佳。加入10% PVP40的胚蛋白提取液可直接进行SDS-PAGE电泳,用10倍于蛋白质提取液体积的乙醇沉淀胚和胚乳的蛋白提取液,可得到最佳的SDS-PAGE电泳效果。     

不同波长激光辐照花生种子的生物学效应

本实验考察了Ｋ＋ｒ、Ａｒ＋、Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧ、ＨｅＮｅ和ＬＤ等不同波长的激光辐照对花生种子产生的生物学效应。结果显示,适当剂量不同波长的激光辐照都能促进花生种子生长。在辐照剂量为０．１２８ｗ／ｃｍ２×１８０ｓ的条件下,较短波长激光对花生幼苗的促进作用比长波长激光显著;在辐照剂量为１．２８ｗ／ｃｍ２×１８ｓ的条件下,短波长激光对花生种子的萌发及胚的生长有抑制作用,而长波长激光有促进效应。在相同辐照剂量条件下,不同功率密度与时间的组合其辐照效果不同。１．２８ｗ／ｃｍ２功率密度的Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧ（５３２ｎｍ）激光脉冲输出辐照对花生种子的生长产生显著的抑制作用。实验结果提示,要得到相同的辐照效果,长波长激光与短波长激光相比,必须提高辐照功率密度或加大辐照输出剂量。     

种子萌发过程中胚乳的突破性研究

胚乳将许多种子的胚完全包裹,是这些种子萌发的物理屏障,其破裂与否是决定种子萌发与否的最后开关。胚乳破裂是胚生长产生由内向外“顶”的机械力量以及胚乳组织本身机械强度下降（胚乳弱化）的共同结果,而胚乳弱化则包括细胞壁的酶促和非酶促松弛机制。本文综述胚生长产生的机械力量、胚乳破裂的部位和方式、胚乳的组织结构及其细胞壁的化学组成、各种细胞壁降解酶及非酶的扩展蛋白（expansin）和活性氧在胚乳弱化中的作用等方面的研究进展。     

Solution-mediated syntheses and characterizations of two new zincophosphites [C6H14N2]0.5[Zn(H2PO3)2] and [C4H12N2]0.5[(CH3)2NH2][Zn2(HPO3)3]

Two new zincophosphites [C₆H₁₄N₂]_0.5[Zn(H₂PO₃)₂] 1 and [C₄H₁₂N₂]_0.5[(CH₃)₂NH₂][Zn₂(HPO₃)₃] 2 have been solvothermally synthesized in mixed solvents of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and 1,4-dioxane (DOA), respectively. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that compound 1 exhibits a neutral inorganic chain formed by ZnO₄ and HPO₂(OH) units. Interestingly, the left- and right-handed hydrogen-bonded helical chains are alternately formed via the hydrogen-bonds between two adjacent chains. Compound 2 exhibits a layer structure with 4- and 12-MRs formed by ZnO₄ and HPO₃ units, in which two kinds of organic amine molecules both act as countercations to compensate the overall negative electrostatic charge of the anionic network.     

New preparations and molecular structures of cis-MCl2(Ph2PCH2PPh2)2, M = Ru,Os and trans-RuCl2(Ph2PCH2PPh2)2

The title compounds were made by reacting bis(diphenylphosphino)methane (dppm) with reduced solutions of OsCl₆^4? and Ru₂OCl₁₀^4?. The crystal and molecular structures of these compounds have been determined form three-dimensional X-ray study. The cis-isomers crystallize with one CHCl₃ per molecule of the complex. All three compounds crystallize in the monoclinic space group P2₁/n with unit cell dimensions as follows: Cis-OsCl₂(dppm)₂·CHCl₃: a = 13.415(4) Å, b = 22.859(4) Å, c = 16.693(3) Å, β = 105.77(3)°, V = 4926(3) ų, Z = 4. cis-RuCl₂(dppm)₂·CHCl₃: a = 13.442(3) Å, b = 22.833(7) Å, c = 16.750(4) Å, β = 105.53(2)°, V = 4953(3) ų, Z = 4. trans-RuCl₂(dppm)₂: a = 11.368(7) Å, b = 10.656(6) Å, c = 18.832(12) Å; β = 103.90(6)°, V = 2213(7) ų; Z = 2. The structures were refined to R = 0.044 (R_w = 0.055) for cis-OsCl₂(dppm)₂·CHCl₃; R = 0.065 (R_w = 0.079) for cis-RuCl₂(dppm)₂·CHCl₃ and R = 0.028 (R_w = 0.038) for trans-RuCl₂(dppm)₂. The complexes are six coordinate with stable four-membered chelate rings. The PMP angle in the chelate rings is ca. 71° in each case.     

Synthesis and crystal structure of the MgCl2(CH3COOC2H5)2· (CH3COOC2H5) adduct

The reaction of α-MgCl₂ with boiling ethyl acetate affords MgCI₂(CH₃COOC₂H₅)₂· (CH₃COOC₂H₅), which is obtained as crystals suitable for X-ray analysis only from the mother liquor. M=315.5, orthorhombic, space group P2₁22₁ (No. 18), a=25.077(3), b=8.616(1), c=7.345(1) Å, V=1587.0(3) ų, Z=4, D_x=1.32 g cm⁻³,λ A(Mo Kα)=0.71069 Å, μ=4.17 cm⁻¹, F(000)=664, T=298 K, observed reflections: 1667, R=0.059 and R_w=0.069. The structure is composed of polymeric chains of MgCl₂(CH₃COOC₂H₅₎₂ and the ethyl acetate molecules occupy a mutually trans position.     

Selective synthesis of triangular cluster oxido-sulfidocomplexes of Mo and W: High yield preparations of [Mo3O2S2(H2O)9], [W3O2S2(H2O)9], [W2MoO2S2(H2O)9] and their derivatization

Reaction of [Mo₂O₂(μ-S)₂(H₂O)₆]²⁺ with Mo(CO)₆ or metallic Mo under hydrothermal conditions (140 °C, 4 M HCl) gives oxido-sulfido cluster aqua complex [Mo₃(μ₃-S)(μ-O)₂(μ-S)(H₂O)₉]⁴⁺ (1). Similarly, [W₃(μ₃-S)(μ-O)₂(μ-S)(H₂O)₉]⁴⁺ (2) is obtained from [W₂O₂(μ-S)₂(H₂O)₆]²⁺ and W(CO)₆. While reaction of [Mo₂O₂(μ-S)₂(H₂O)₆]²⁺ with W(CO)₆ mainly proceeds as simple reduction to give 1, [W₂O₂(μ-S)₂(H₂O)₆]²⁺ with Mo(CO)₆ produces new mixed-metal cluster [W₂Mo(μ₃-S)(μ-O)₂(μ-S)(H₂O)₉]⁴⁺ (3) as main product. From solutions of 1 in HCl supramolecular adduct with cucurbit[6]uril (CB[6]) {[Mo₃O₂S₂(H₂O)₆Cl₃]₂CB[6]}Cl₂⋅18H₂O (4) was isolated and structurally characterized. The aqua complexes were converted into acetylacetonates [M₃O₂S₂(acac)₃(py)₃]PF₆ (M₃ = Mo₃, W₃, W₂Mo; 5a-c), which were characterized by X-ray single crystal analysis, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and ¹H NMR spectroscopy. Crystal structure of (H₅O₂)(Me₄N)₄[W₃(μ₃-S)(μ₂-S)(μ₂-O)₂(NCS)₉] (6), obtained from 2, is also reported.     

Synthesis of tantalum and niobium complexes that contain the diamidoamine ligand, [(3,4,5-F3C6H2NCH2CH2)2NMe], and the triamidoamine ligand, [(3,5-Cl2C6H3NCH2CH2)3N]

Several niobium and tantalum compounds were prepared that contain either the diamidoamine ligand, [(3,4,5-F₃C₆H₂NCH₂CH₂)₂NMe]²⁻ ([F₃N₂NMe]²⁻), or the triamidoamine ligand, [(3,5-Cl₂C₆H₃NCH₂CH₂)₃N]³⁻ ([Cl₂N₂NMe]³⁻). The former include [F₃N₂NMe]TaCl₃, [F₃N₂NMe]NbCl₃, [F₃N₂NMe]TaMe₃, [F₃N₂NMe]NbMe₃, [(F₃N₂NMe)TaMe₂][MeB(C₆F₅)₃], [F₃N₂NMe]Ta(CHSiMe₃)(CH₂SiMe₃), [F₃N₂NMe]Ta(CH₂-t-Bu)Cl₂, [F₃N₂NMe]Ta(CH-t-Bu)(CH₃), and [F₃N₂NMe]Ta(η²-C₂H₄)(CH₂CH₃). The latter include [Cl₂N₂NMe]TaCl₂, [Cl₂N₂NMe]TaMe₂, [Cl₂N₂NMe]Ta(η²-C₂H₄), and [Cl₂N₂NMe]Ta(η²-C₂H₂).X-ray diffraction studies were carried out on [F₃N₂NMe]Ta(CHSiMe₃)(CH₂SiMe₃), [F₃N₂NMe]Ta(η²-C₂H₄)(CH₂CH₃), and [Cl₂N₂NMe]TaMe_2..     

Crystal structures of MoCl2(O)(O2)(OPMePh2)2 and mixtures of MoCl2(O2)(OPPh3)2 and MoCl2(O)(O2)(OPPh3)2: allylic alcohol isomerization studies using MoCl2(O)(O2)(OPMePh2)2

Adding one equivalent of H₂O₂ to compounds of stoichiometry MoCl₂(O)₂(OPR₃)₂, OPR₃ = OPMePh₂ or OPPh₃, leads to the formation of oxo-peroxo compounds MoCl₂(O)(O₂)(OPR₃)₂. The compound MoCl₂(O)(O₂)(OPMePh₂)₂ crystallized with an unequal disorder, 63%:37%, between the oxo and peroxo ligands, as verified by single-crystal X-ray diffractometry, and can be isolated in reasonable yields. MoCl₂(O)(O₂)(OPPh₃)₂, was not isolated in pure form, co-crystallized with MoCl₂(O)₂(OPPh₃)₂ in two ratios, 18%:82% and 12%:88%, respectively, and did not contain any disorder in the arrangement of the oxo and peroxo groups. These complexes accomplish the isomerization of various allylic alcohols. A mechanism of this reaction has been constructed based on ¹⁸O isotopic studies and involves exchange between the alcohol and metal bonded O atoms.     

p-Quinquephenyl diamine, C6H5-p-C6H4-p-C6H2(2,3-NH2)-p-C6H4-C6H5, and its corresponding diimine-Ru(II) complex: Crystal structure and electrochemical and optical properties

The molecular structure of an o-phenylenediamine unit-containing oligophenylene (1), Ph-Ph′-Ph′(2,3-NH₂)-Ph′-Ph (Ph = phenyl; Ph′ = p-phenylene; Ph′(2,3-NH₂) = 2,3-diamino-p-phenylene), was determined by X-ray crystallography. 1 has a twisted structure, and forms an intermolecular C-H?π interaction network. The -NH₂ group of 1 was air-oxidized to an imine, NH, group in the presence of [RuCl₂(bpy)₂] (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridyl) and gave a ruthenium(II)-benzoquinone diimine complex [Ru(2)(bpy)₂](PF₆)₂ (2: Ph-Ph′-Ph′(2,3-imine)-Ph′-Ph). The molecular structure of [Ru(2)(bpy)₂](PF₆)₂ was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. [Ru(2)(bpy)₂](PF₆)₂ underwent two-step electrochemical reduction with E^1/2 = −0.889 V and −1.531 V versus Fc⁺/Fc. The E^1/2’s were located at higher potentials by 91 mV and 117 mV, respectively, than those of reported [Ru(bqdi)(bpy)₂](PF₆)₂ (bqdi = benzoquinone diimine). Electrochemical oxidation of [Ru(2)(bpy)₂](PF₆)₂ occurred at a lower potential by 180 mV than that of [Ru(bqdi)(bpy)₂](PF₆)₂. Occurrence of the easier reduction and oxidation of [Ru(2)(bpy)₂](PF₆)₂ than those of [Ru(bqdi)(bpy)₂](PF₆)₂ is ascribed to the presence of a large π-conjugation system in 2.     

Metal-organophosphonates: hydrothermal synthesis and structures of [Cu(O3PC10H6CO2H)] and [Cu(bpy)(HO3PC10H6CO2)] (H2O3PC10H6CO2H = 2,6-carboxynaphthalene phosphonic acid)

Hydrothermal methods were used to prepare [Cu(O₃PC₁₀H₆CO₂H)] (1) and [Cu(bpy)(HO₃PC₁₀H₆CO₂)]·2H₂O (2·2H₂O), where H₂O₃PC₁₀H₆CO₂H is 2,6-carboxynaphthalene phosphonic acid (H₃cnp). The two-dimensional structure of 1 consists of layers of edge-sharing {CuO₆} octahedra, producing an AlCl₃- type structure of fused hexagonal rings of copper octahedra, enclosing voids of hexagonal profile. The layer composition is CuO₃ or CuO₆/₂ as each oxygen bridges two copper sites. The Hcnp ligands project from either face of the copper “oxide” layer. Adjacent layers interact through hydrogen bonding interactions between the pendant -CO₂H groups of the ligand. Coordination of the bipyridine ligand in [Cu(HO₃PC₁₀H₆CO₂)] (2) obstructs expansion in two-dimensions, and the material exhibits a chain structure. The chain is constructed of binuclear units of edge-sharing ‘4+1’ {CuO₃N₂} square pyramids linked through the dipodal {HO₃PC₁₀H₆CO₂}²⁻ ligands.