苹果和葡萄果实蛋白激酶特性分析

以组蛋白Ⅲ－Ｓ作苹果和葡萄果肉蛋白激酶制剂底物时,反应体系中加ＥＧＴＡ可抑制蛋白激激酶活性,而加Ｃａ＾２＋可激活蛋白激酶的活性,而且,葡萄果实微粒体蛋白激酶钙的蛋白激酶存在。而且,葡萄果实微粒体蛋白激酶呈热稳定性,苹果果实微粒体蛋白激酶对热敏感。以髓鞘碱性蛋白（ＭＢＰ）作底物,在苹果和葡萄果实微粒体中都检测出很高的蛋白酶活性,并且不依赖于钙,说明苹果和葡萄果实中可能有分裂原激活的蛋白激酶（ＭＡＰ激     

苹果和葡萄果实蛋白激酶特性分析

以组蛋白Ⅲ S作苹果和葡萄果肉蛋白激酶制剂底物时 ,反应体系中加EGTA可抑制蛋白激酶活性 ,而加Ca2 可激活蛋白激酶的活性 ,表明苹果和葡萄果实中有依赖钙的蛋白激酶存在。而且 ,葡萄果实微粒体蛋白激酶呈热稳定性 ,苹果果实微粒体蛋白激酶对热敏感。以髓鞘碱性蛋白 (MBP)作底物 ,在苹果和葡萄果实微粒体中都检测出很高的蛋白激酶活性 ,并且不依赖于钙 ,说明苹果和葡萄果实中可能有分裂原激活的蛋白激酶 (MAP激酶 )的存在。苹果和葡萄果实MAP激酶的活性都表现出对二价阳离子Mg2 或Mn2 的依赖 ,并对高温处理表现出了激活效应     

陕北葡萄品种、砧木与覆土间抗寒性的研究

针对陕北葡萄生产中存在的历史性冻害问题。利用抗寒砧木山葡萄。山玫瑰和贝达,通过嫁接巨峰,龙眼及京早晶品种,再采用覆土10cm,20cm,50cm不同厚度的26个处理,以研究品种,砧木与覆土间抗寒性,试验表明,影响陕北葡萄生产的主要问题是根系冻害,利用山玫瑰作砧木,冬季只需覆土20cm厚,就可以使葡萄栽培品种在陕北安全越冬。     

导入几丁酶基因育成抗葡萄白粉病的葡萄

日本《农业技术》,１９９９年５４卷３期第４Ｎ～５Ｎ页报道：葡萄以白粉病为主的、黑痘病、灰霉病、霜霉病等各种丝状菌病,是葡萄栽培的大问题。对此,日本果树试验场的山本等把取自水稻的几丁酶基因导入葡萄,育成抗葡萄白粉病的葡萄。方法是从葡萄品种‘新玫瑰香’的培养细胞育成不定胚,与具有水稻几丁酶基因（ＲＣＣ２）的土壤杆菌共培养,用抗菌素选择得到的重组不定胚再分化成植物体,将几丁酶基因导入葡萄,对获得的许多再生植物体驯化、育成。首先,用ＰＣＲ法确认已导入基因,从中选择了８个性状转化葡萄个体作扦插苗,将约１０…     

无核葡萄的育种与胚挽救技术的运用

植物的胚挽救技术在无核葡萄的育种研究中发展迅速。利用假单性结实的无核葡萄作母本,无核品种作父本,杂交后在合子胚未败育时,进行胚挽救即可获得杂种实生苗,无核率可达82％．理论上可达100％。还介绍了运用该技术时杂交亲本的选择、胚挽救最佳胚龄的确定及相应的培养基成分、激素等技术方法。     

中国葡萄属植物野生种多样性分析

中国是葡萄属植物的主要起源地之一,也是世界葡萄属植物种类最多、遗传资源最丰富的国家之一,起源于中国的葡萄属植物共有40种、1亚种、13变种。本研究根据《葡萄种质资源描述规范和数据标准》,选择多项性状指标作为形态鉴定参数,对起源于中国的葡萄属植物23个种的生物学性状、植物学特征、农艺性状等进行鉴定,分析其遗传多样性特点。结果表明,中国葡萄属植物的主要物候期,嫩梢新梢的绒毛、颜色,叶片的形状、颜色、锯齿,果实大小、颜色、香型和花器官等形态性状都有丰富的变化,表现出丰富的多样性。上述研究结果将为葡萄属植物的分类鉴定提供依据,也将为葡萄属植物演化研究和育种利用提供参考。根据本研究结果,建议对目前使用的《葡萄种质资源描述规范和数据标准》作进一步修订和完善,以适应我国野生葡萄资源多样性评价研究。     

葡萄生态系统中自然微生物群落多样性及其代谢酶系统的研究现状

自然微生物是影响葡萄生理生长和葡萄酒质量的重要因素,广泛存在于葡萄和葡萄酒的生态系统中。其中,微生物的种类、数量和生长分布取决于气候、土壤、生长时期和发酵过程控制等多种因素。自然状态下,葡萄微生态系统的物种组成和代谢作用直接影响葡萄藤的健康和葡萄酒的发酵质量,并产生特定的葡萄酒风土特征。因此,本文对现有研究的葡萄园土壤、果实和葡萄酒自然发酵过程中的真菌和细菌的群落多样性和动态变化,及其代谢酶类对葡萄酒质量特性的影响进行了综述,以期通过对微生物群落的生理代谢和生态作用的全面认识,探究葡萄微生态的互作机理和代谢功能,促使微生物群落向葡萄和葡萄酒有益的方向发展,从而达到葡萄生态系统可持续、高质量发展的目的。     

显齿蛇葡萄基本成分研究

对显齿蛇葡萄（Ampelopsis grossdentata)幼嫩茎叶中的粗蛋白,水溶性蛋白,氨基酸组分,总灰分,无机营养元素,多酚,水提取物,总黄酮以及其中的二氢杨梅素含量作了测定,结果表明：显齿蛇葡萄幼嫩茎叶中粗蛋白氨基酸及无机营养元素含量丰富,多酚,水提取率,总黄酮和二氢杨梅素含量高。显齿蛇葡萄幼嫩茎叶既可粗加工为具特殊风味的类茶产品,又可作集营养,保健,药用功能于一体的资源加以深度开发。     

欧亚种葡萄白粉病微效抗病基因原取代积累

对６７个欧亚种葡萄品种的白粉病抗性和４个白粉菌自然群体的研究结果表明,寄主品种之间存在着抗病性的显著差异,但寄主－病原间的特异性素,作效应不显著。对寄主不同组合的自交和杂交后代白病抗鉴定结果表明,无论亲本的感病性水平如何,其后代群体中都会出现一定量的抗病类型,而且其比例与亲本的抗病性正关。这些研究结果证明我们在研究葡萄－霜霉菌病理系统时提出的基因取代职累学说同样适合葡萄－白粉菌病理系统。     

中国葡萄属植物形态学聚类分组研究

对《中国葡萄志》描述的38个中国葡萄属野生种和1个栽培种,按照《葡萄种质资源描述规范和数据标准》的要求,对18个描述符用代码数量化并进行聚类分析,根据形态特征的相似程度,将我国葡萄属野生种和欧亚种划分为8个组和5个亚组。第1组包含毛葡萄、腺枝葡萄、龙泉葡萄、美丽葡萄和庐山葡萄,第2组包含麦黄葡萄和小叶葡萄,第3组包含5个亚组21个种类,其中亚组1包含山葡萄、陕西葡萄、浙江蘡薁、蘡薁和湖北葡萄,亚组2包含绵毛葡萄和勐海葡萄,亚组3包含小果葡萄、云南葡萄和葛藟葡萄,亚组4包含毛脉葡萄、华东葡萄、武汉葡萄和井冈葡萄,亚组5包含刺葡萄、秋葡萄、桦叶葡萄、网脉葡萄、蒙自葡萄、凤庆葡萄和河口葡萄,第4组仅包含欧洲葡萄,第5组包含温州葡萄、红叶葡萄、复叶葡萄、乳源葡萄和狭叶葡萄,第6组包含东南葡萄、罗城葡萄和闽赣葡萄,第7组仅包含菱叶葡萄,第8组仅包含鸡足葡萄一个种。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.