链霉菌—大肠菌穿梭质袜载体pSGLgpp的构建及应用

质粒ｐＳＧＬ１（７．４ｋｂ）是从球孢链霉菌（Ｓｔｒｅｐｔｏｍｙｃｅｓ ｇｅｏｂｉｓｐｏｒｕｓ）中分离得到的一个高拷贝质粒,已测定其最小复制子序列。从球孢链霉菌总ＤＮＡ中采用ＰＣＲ方法扩增获得编码Ｃ１０２７前蛋白信号肽的ＤＮＡ片断ｇｐｐ。将ｇｐｐ克隆至ｐＳＧＬ１的衍生质粒ｐＳＧＬＮ中,获得新的链霉菌表达型质粒载体ｐＳＧＬｇｐｐ。应用该质粒进行了人的河溶性白细胞介素１受体Ｉ型的表达。     

可溶性55kD人肿瘤坏死因子受体(shTNFR55)在变铅青链霉菌中的分泌表达

从 Ｈｅ Ｌａ 细胞中提取总 Ｒ Ｎ Ａ,采用反转录 Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 技术,从该总 Ｒ Ｎ Ａ 中扩增了约 ５３０ ｂｐ 的ｓｈ Ｔ Ｎ Ｆ Ｒ５５ 基因的 ｃ Ｄ Ｎ Ａ,并克隆至质粒 ｐ Ｕ Ｃ ｍ ｅｌ中酪蛋白酶 ｍ ｅｌ Ｃｌ 分泌信号肽编码序列的下游,构建成含融合基因 ｍ ｅｌ／ Ｔ Ｎ Ｆ Ｒ 的重组质粒 ｐ Ｕ Ｃ ｍ ｅｌ／ Ｔ Ｎ Ｆ Ｒ．把融合基因 ｍ ｅｌ／ Ｔ Ｎ Ｆ Ｒ 插入链霉菌表达质粒 ｐ Ｉ Ｊ４５９ 的多克隆位点,使之位于 ｅｒｍ 强启动子的下游,得到重组表达质粒 ｐ Ｉ Ｊ４５９ ｍ ｅｌ／ｓ Ｔ Ｎ Ｆ Ｒ．经 Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ 杂交证明重组质粒 ｐ Ｉ Ｊ４５９ ｍ ｅｌ／ｓ Ｔ Ｎ Ｆ Ｒ 插入了 ｓ Ｔ Ｎ Ｆ Ｒ５５ 基因片段．对重组菌株 Ｓｔｒｅｐｔｏｍ ｙｃｅｓ ｌｉｖｉｄａｎｓ（ｐ Ｉ Ｊ４５９ ｍ ｅｌ／ｓ Ｔ Ｎ Ｆ Ｒ）的发酵液进行 Ｓ Ｄ Ｓ Ｐ Ａ Ｇ Ｅ、受体配基杂交（ Ｌｉｇａｎｄ ｂｌｏｔ）分析、对 Ｔ Ｎ Ｆ 敏感的 Ｌ９２９ 细胞的细胞毒性中和试验表明,可溶性肿瘤坏死因子受体 ｓ Ｔ Ｎ Ｆ Ｒ５５ 在链霉菌中得到了分泌表达,表达产物具有生物学活性．表达产物的分子量约在 ２６～２８ ｋ Ｄ 之间．     

转座子Tn5096对刺孢吸水链霉菌北京变种PR220转座的诱变

用大肠杆菌／链霉菌穿梭质粒ｐＣＺＡ１６８多次转化农抗１２０产生菌刺孢吸水链霉菌北京变种ＲＦ２２０的原生质体,均未得到转化子。来自吸水链霉菌应城变种１０－２２突变株的链霉菌质粒ｐＩＪ７０２可以转化ＲＦ２２０,但转化频率只有数十个转化子／μｇＤＮＡ。用来自ＲＦ２２０本身的ｐＩＪ７０２对消除ｐＩＪ７０２后的ＲＦ２２０的原生质体进行了再转化,转化率没有明显的提高。用氨苄青霉素和甘氨酸协同处理ＲＦ２２０的菌     

链霉菌质粒pSGL1最小复制子序列测定及分析

质粒ｐＳＧＬ１（７．４ｋｂ）是从球孢链霉菌（Ｓｔｒｅｐｔｏｍｙｃｅｓｇｌｏｂｉｓｐｏｒｕｓ）中分离得到的一个高拷贝质粒,已证明其最小复制子位于Ｓａｕ３ＡＩ酶切的２０ｋｂ片段上。对该片段进行亚克隆,测序后数据表明该片段是一个新序列。仅有一个开放阅读框架（ＯＲＦＲ）位于最小复制子中,推测其编码的蛋白质含有滚环复制质粒复制酶的特定序列。     

苏云金芽孢杆菌δ-内毒素cryIA(c)基因在大肠杆菌和变铅青链霉菌中表达

利用合成的寡聚核苷酸片段,从质粒ｐＯＳ１０００中分离出具有适合克隆位点的苏云金芽孢杆菌（Ｂａｃｉｌｕｓｔｈｕｒｉｎｇｉｅｎｓｉｓ）δ内毒素ｃｒｙＩＡ（ｃ）全长基因。将该基因与大肠杆菌表达载体ｐＫＫ２２３３重组,并引入大肠杆菌ＪＭ１０９中,经ＩＰＴＧ诱导,获得了超量表达的ＣｒｙＩＡ（ｃ）蛋白。将ｃｒｙＩＡ（ｃ）全长基因插入链霉菌表达载体ｐＨＺ１２７２中,得到重组质粒ｐＨＺ１２５６,将该质粒引入变铅青链霉菌（Ｓｔｒｅｐｔｏｍｙｃｅｓｌｉｖｉｄａｎｓ）ＪＴ４６中,经硫链丝菌素诱导,通过Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｂｌｏｔｉｎｇ测定表明,重组变铅青链霉菌ＪＴ４６（ｐＨＺ１２５６）已表达出相应的ＣｒｙＩＡ（ｃ）蛋白。杀虫试验表明,大肠杆菌和链霉菌所表达出的δ内毒素ＣｒｙＩＡ（ｃ）对小菜蛾均有毒杀作用,其致死率分别为９３％和５７％。     

7号淀粉酶链霉菌M1033木糖异构酶基因的启动子活性检测、转录起始点的确定

分别从重组质粒ｐＵＢ１及其Ｍ（１３）亚克隆Ｓ１中将７号淀粉酶链霉菌（ＳｔｒｅｐｔｏｍｙｃｅｓｄｉａｓｔａｔｉｃｕｓＮｏ．７）Ｍ１０３３（以下简称Ｓ．ｄｉ．Ｍ１０３３）木糖异构酶基因的－１９２－＋５８１ｂｐ片段克隆入链霉菌启动子探测质粒ｐＩＪ４０８３中,转化变铅青链霉菌（Ｓ．ｌｉｖｉｄａｎｓ）ＴＫ２４。通过对其邻苯二酚加双氧酶活性的检测表明,该片段具有启动子活性。应用Ｍ１３亚克隆Ｓ１和合成引物Ｐ６延伸制备放射性标记的单链ＤＮＡ探针;通过Ｓ．ｄｉ．Ｍ１０３３的总ＲＮＡ的Ｓ１核酸酶保护实验,确定了其转录的起始位点,并由此探讨了与木糖异构酶基因表达有关的一些因素。     

透明颤菌血红蛋白基因在阿维链霉菌中的表达

将含有自身启动子的透明颤菌血红蛋白基因（ ｖｈｂ） 克隆至大肠杆菌—链霉菌穿梭质粒载体ｐＩＪ６５３ 中构建成表达载体ｐ ＷＹ１０１ 和ｐ ＷＹ１０２ ,用它们转化阿维菌素（ａｖｅｒｍｅｃｔｉｎｓ） 产生菌———阿维链霉菌（ Ｓｔｒｅｐｔｏｍｙｃｅｓ ａｖｅｒｍｉｔｉｌｉｓ） ,经Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔｔｉｎｇ 分析并未检测到ｖｈｂ 基因表达,但用穿梭载体ｐＨＺ１２５２（ 其中的ｖｈｂ 基因位于受硫链丝菌素诱导的链霉菌强启动子ＰｔｉｐＡ之下） 转化阿维链霉菌并经硫链丝菌素诱导,则在该菌中表达出了有活性的ＶＨｂ 蛋白。ｐＨＺ１２５２ 在阿维链霉菌中发生了重组缺失,但缺失的ｐＨＺ１２５２ 上仍含有完整的ｖｈｂ 基因及诱导型强启动子,且可在阿维链霉菌中稳定遗传,却不能再转化大肠杆菌。     

粘虫核型多角体病毒919bp片段的PCR双链直接序列测定

本文发展了ＰＣＲ克隆和亚克隆技术制备ＤＮＡ测序模板。首先,我们用ｐＵＣ／Ｍ１３系列质粒的通用正反向引物ＰＣＲ扩增出质粒ｐＢｌｕｅｓｃｒｉｐｔＫＳ ＤＮＡ的多克隆位点及其侧冀序列,用ＥｃｏＲＶ和ＸｈｏＩ消化成为左右两个引物多克隆臂,与粘虫核多角体病毒（ＬｓＮＰＶ）的ＥｏｏＲＶ和ＸｈｏＩ约４００ｂｐ和５００ｂｐ片段分别连接,经ＰＣＲ扩增,得到两端具有上述正反向引物结合位点的测序模板,用ｄｄＮＴＰ链终点     

不同因素对奇异变形杆菌（PM10）R质粒消除的影响

本文报告了应用消除剂（ＳＤＳ．ＥＢ）和高温条件下对奇异变形杆茵ＰＭ１０Ｒ质粒的消除作用。实验结果表明：０．００１％ＳＤＳ对四种耐药性Ｒ质粒的消除率在０．４—０．８,消除类型为Ｋｍ＋Ｓｍ。ＥＢ和高温条件下未获得质粒消除株。     

苏云金芽孢杆菌δ—内毒素cryIA（c）基因在大肠杆菌和变铅青链？…

利用合成的寡聚核苷酸片段,从质粒ｐＯＳ１０００中分离出具有适合克隆位点的苏云金芽直菌δ－内毒素ｃｒｙＩＡ（ｃ）全长基因。将该基因与大肠杆菌表达载体ＰＫＫ２２３－３重组,并引入大肠杆菌ＪＭ１０９中,经ＩＰＴＧ诱导,获得了超量表达的ＣｒｙＩＡ（ｃ）蛋白将ｃｒｙＩＡ（ｃ）全长基因插入链霉菌表达载体ＰＨＺ１２７２中,得到重组质粒,ＰＨＺ１２５６,将该质粒引入变铅青链霉菌ＪＴ４６中,经硫链丝菌素诱导,通过Ｗ     

Cloning and expression of the Clostridium thermosulfurogenes glucose isomerase gene in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis.

The gene that encodes thermostable glucose isomerase in Clostridium thermosulfurogenes was cloned by complementation of glucose isomerase activity in a xylA mutant of Escherichia coli. A new assay method for thermostable glucose isomerase activity on agar plates, using a top agar mixture containing fructose, glucose oxidase, peroxidase, and benzidine, was developed. One positive clone, carrying plasmid pCGI38, was isolated from a cosmid library of C. thermosulfurogenes DNA. The plasmid was further subcloned into a Bacillus cloning vector, pTB523, to generate shuttle plasmid pMLG1, which is able to replicate in both E. coli and Bacillus subtilis. Expression of the thermostable glucose isomerase gene in both species was constitutive, whereas synthesis of the enzyme in C. thermosulfurogenes was inducible by D-xylose. B. subtilis and E. coli produced higher levels of thermostable glucose isomerase (1.54 and 0.46 U/mg of protein, respectively) than did C. thermosulfurogenes (0.29 U/mg of protein). The glucose isomerases synthesized in E. coli and B. subtilis were purified to homogeneity and displayed properties (subunit Mr, 50,000; tetrameric molecular structure; thermostability; metal ion requirement; and apparent temperature and pH optima) identical to those of the native enzyme purified from C. thermosulfurogenes. Simple heat treatment of crude extracts from E. coli and B. subtilis cells carrying the recombinant plasmid at 85 degrees C for 15 min generated 80% pure glucose isomerase. The maximum conversion yield of glucose (35%, wt/wt) to fructose with the thermostable glucose isomerase (10.8 U/g of dry substrate) was 52% at pH 7.0 and 70 degrees C.     

Cloning and expression of the Clostridium thermosulfurogenes glucose isomerase gene in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis

The gene that encodes thermostable glucose isomerase in Clostridium thermosulfurogenes was cloned by complementation of glucose isomerase activity in a xylA mutant of Escherichia coli. A new assay method for thermostable glucose isomerase activity on agar plates, using a top agar mixture containing fructose, glucose oxidase, peroxidase, and benzidine, was developed. One positive clone, carrying plasmid pCGI38, was isolated from a cosmid library of C. thermosulfurogenes DNA. The plasmid was further subcloned into a Bacillus cloning vector, pTB523, to generate shuttle plasmid pMLG1, which is able to replicate in both E. coli and Bacillus subtilis. Expression of the thermostable glucose isomerase gene in both species was constitutive, whereas synthesis of the enzyme in C. thermosulfurogenes was inducible by D-xylose. B. subtilis and E. coli produced higher levels of thermostable glucose isomerase (1.54 and 0.46 U/mg of protein, respectively) than did C. thermosulfurogenes (0.29 U/mg of protein). The glucose isomerases synthesized in E. coli and B. subtilis were purified to homogeneity and displayed properties (subunit Mr, 50,000; tetrameric molecular structure; thermostability; metal ion requirement; and apparent temperature and pH optima) identical to those of the native enzyme purified from C. thermosulfurogenes. Simple heat treatment of crude extracts from E. coli and B. subtilis cells carrying the recombinant plasmid at 85 degrees C for 15 min generated 80% pure glucose isomerase. The maximum conversion yield of glucose (35%, wt/wt) to fructose with the thermostable glucose isomerase (10.8 U/g of dry substrate) was 52% at pH 7.0 and 70 degrees C.     

变性双链法实现葡萄糖异构酶基因敲除的研究

对７号淀粉酶菌Ｍ１０３３的遗传背景进行分析,建立了其原生质体制备、转化的优化条件。构建了葡萄糖异构酶（ＧＩ）结构基因内插千方百计以链丝菌肽基因（ｔｓｒ）的置换型同源重组质粒,利用其变性双链片段实现与Ｍ１０３３菌株染色体上基因的同源重组,获得置换型葡萄异构酶缺陷型蓖Ｍ１０３３ＬＪ。为在染色体上引入突变位点实现染色体上分子定点改造造尊定了基础。     

Thermus thermophilus HB8葡萄糖异构酶在大肠杆菌中表达

为了增加高热稳定性的葡萄糖异构酶的得率,采用PCR技术扩增得到Thermus thermophilusHB8葡萄糖异构酶基因xylA,连接到表达载体pET-22b( )上,获得重组质粒pET-22b( )-xylA。将重组质粒转化到大肠杆菌Rosetta(DE3)中,经IPTG诱导后,通过半胱氨酸-咔唑法测葡萄糖异构酶酶活。重组菌经诱导培养,SDS-PAGE电泳结果显示出明显的分子量约为44 kD特异性蛋白质条带,比酶活约为18.562 U/mg,比野生型菌株提高了2倍。     

Purification and characterization of the d-xylose isomerase gene from Escherichia coli

A DNA fragment containing both the Escherichia coli d-xylose isomerase (d-xylose ketol-isomerase, EC 5.3.1.5) gene and the d-xylulokinase (ATP: d-xylulose 5-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.17) gene has been cloned on an E. coli plasmid. The d-xylose isomerase gene was separated from the d-xylulokinase gene by the construction of a new deletion plasmid, pLX7. The d-xylose isomerase gene cloned on pLX7 was found still to be an intact gene. The precise location of the d-xylose isomerase gene on the plasmid pLX7 was further determined by the construction of two more plasmids, pLX8 and pLX9. This is believed to be the first d-xylose isomerase gene that has been isolated and extensively purified from any organism. d-Xylose isomerase, the enzyme product of the d-xylose isomerase gene, is responsible for the conversion of d-xylose to d-xylulose, as well as d-glucose to d-fructose. It is widely believed that yeast cannot ferment d-xylose to ethanol primarily because of the lack of d-xylose isomerase in yeast. d-Xylose isomerase (also known as d-glucose isomerase) is also used for the commercial production of high-fructose syrups. The purification of the d-xylose isomerase gene may lead to the following industrial applications: (1) cloning and expression of the gene in yeast to make the latter organism capable of directly fermenting d-xylose to ethanol, and (2) cloning of the gene on a high-copy-number plasmid in a proper host to overproduce the enzyme, which should have a profound impact on the high-fructose syrup technology.     

Replacement recombination in Lactococcus lactis.

In the pUC18-derived integration plasmid pML336 there is a 5.3-kb chromosomal DNA fragment that carries the X-prolyl dipeptidyl aminopeptidase gene (pepXP). The gene was inactivated by the insertion of an erythromycin resistance determinant into its coding sequence. Covalently closed circular DNA of pML336 was used for the electrotransformation of Lactococcus lactis. In 2% of the erythromycin-resistant transformants the pepXP gene was inactivated by a double-crossover event (replacement recombination) between pML336 and the L. lactis chromosome. The other transformants in which the pepXP gene had not been inactivated carried a Campbell-type integrated copy of the plasmid. Loss of part of the Campbell-type integrated plasmid via recombination between 1.6-kb nontandem repeats occurred with low frequencies that varied between less than 2.8 x 10(-6) and 8.5 x 10(-6), producing cells with a chromosomal structure like that of cells in which replacement recombination had taken place.     

Purification and characterization of the -xylose isomerase gene from Escherichia coli

A DNA fragment containing both the Escherichia coli -xylose isomerase ( -xylose ketol-isomerase, EC 5.3.1.5) gene and the -xylulokinase (ATP: -xylulose 5-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.17) gene has been cloned on an E. coli plasmid. The -xylose isomerase gene was separated from the -xylulokinase gene by the construction of a new deletion plasmid, pLX7. The -xylose isomerase gene cloned on pLX7 was found still to be an intact gene. The precise location of the -xylose isomerase gene on the plasmid pLX7 was further determined by the construction of two more plasmids, pLX8 and pLX9. This is believed to be the first -xylose isomerase gene that has been isolated and extensively purified from any organism. -Xylose isomerase, the enzyme product of the -xylose isomerase gene, is responsible for the conversion of -xylose to -xylulose, as well as -glucose to -fructose. It is widely believed that yeast cannot ferment -xylose to ethanol primarily because of the lack of -xylose isomerase in yeast. -Xylose isomerase (also known as -glucose isomerase) is also used for the commercial production of high-fructose syrups. The purification of the -xylose isomerase gene may lead to the following industrial applications: (1) cloning and expression of the gene in yeast to make the latter organism capable of directly fermenting -xylose to ethanol, and (2) cloning of the gene on a high-copy-number plasmid in a proper host to overproduce the enzyme, which should have a profound impact on the high-fructose syrup technology.     

Amplification of D-xylose and D-glucose isomerase activities in Escherichia coli by gene cloning

A recombinant plasmid, designated pUC1002, was constructed by ligation of a HindIII restriction endonuclease fragment of Escherichia coli chromosomal DNA to vector plasmid pMB9. Strains carrying this plasmid were selected by transformation of an E. coli strain bearing the xyl-7 mutation to a xylose-positive (Xyl+) phenotype. Strains containing pUC1002 produced coordinately elevated levels of D-xylose isomerase and D-xylulose kinase. Under appropriate conditions, the isomerase also efficiently catalyzed the conversion of D-glucose to D-fructose.     

Amplification of D-xylose and D-glucose isomerase activities in Escherichia coli by gene cloning.

A recombinant plasmid, designated pUC1002, was constructed by ligation of a HindIII restriction endonuclease fragment of Escherichia coli chromosomal DNA to vector plasmid pMB9. Strains carrying this plasmid were selected by transformation of an E. coli strain bearing the xyl-7 mutation to a xylose-positive (Xyl+) phenotype. Strains containing pUC1002 produced coordinately elevated levels of D-xylose isomerase and D-xylulose kinase. Under appropriate conditions, the isomerase also efficiently catalyzed the conversion of D-glucose to D-fructose.