大肠杆菌粘端质粒pJRD215在兼性自养多能硫杆菌中的带动转移*

通过接合将广泛寄主范围的转移性IncP质粒RP_4、R68.45、RP_1::Tn501和pUB307从大肠杆菌转移到了兼性自养多能硫杆菌中,质粒上的Ap、Tc和Km抗性基因在多能硫杆菌中均得到表达。IncQ类群的粘端质粒pJRD215在转移性IncP质粒的带动下,从大肠杆菌转移到了多能硫杆菌,转移频率为8.9×10^-5——801×10^-4,并对pJRD215在多能硫杆菌中的稳定性进行了测定。本文首次将非转移性质粒载体引入到兼性自养多能硫杆菌中。     

棒状杆菌启动功能片段的克隆和顺序测定

利用大肠杆菌(Escherichia Coli）的白动子探针质粒pGA46-4,从谷氨酸棒状杆菌(Corynebacrerium glutainicum）染色体DNA中筛选启动功能片段,并测定了重组质粒pGA46-4上的一个约0.4kb的启动功能片段的核营酸顺序。利用pGA46-4和棒状杆菌质粒pXZ10145的EcoRI大片段组建了在大肠杆菌和力士棒杆菌(Corvnebacierium herculis）中都能复制的穿梭质粒pXZ10。     

插入烟草叶绿体启动基因片段的重组质粒转化大肠杆菌和枯草杆菌感受态与原生质体的比较

大肠杆菌(E.coli)N100携带的pK01-26质粒插入烟草(Nicotiana tobacHm var.)叶绿体启动基因片段的重组质粒。该质粒以大肠杆菌HB101为受体可以再转化,转化频率为4.93×10^-6,以枯草杆菌168为受体不能实现转化。上述两种受体菌株的原生质体,经处理,再生细胞壁后,分别获得转化子。经原生质体转化,以大肠杆菌HB101为受体的转化频率为2.7×10^-4频率为2.6×10^-5。以H     

质粒RSF1010从大肠杆菌到稀有放线菌头状链轮丝菌和星状诺卡氏菌的接合转移

１９８７年,ＴｒｉｅｎＣｕｏｔ等人［１］证明穿梭质粒可以在革兰氏阴性的大肠杆菌（Ｅｓｃｈｅｒｉｃｈｉａｃｏｌｉ）和多种革兰氏阳性细菌之间发生接合转移。在这种转移中质粒需具备大肠杆菌的复制起始位点,同时又具备革兰氏阳性细菌的广宿主范围复制起始位点。转…     

大肠杆菌粘端质粒pJRD215在兼性自养多能硫杆菌中的带动转移

通过接合将广泛寄主范围的转移性IncP质粒RP_4、R68.45、RP_1::Tn501和pUB307从大肠杆菌转移到了兼性自养多能硫杆菌中,质粒上的Ap、Tc和Km抗性基因在多能硫杆菌中均得到表达。IncQ类群的粘端质粒pJRD215在转移性IncP质粒的带动下,从大肠杆菌转移到了多能硫杆菌,转移频率为8.9×10~(-5)——801×10~(-4),并对pJRD215在多能硫杆菌中的稳定性进行了测定。本文首次将非转移性质粒载体引入到兼性自养多能硫杆菌中。     

转座子Tn916接合转移诱变棒杆菌

采用滤膜接合法,将大肠杆菌中带有Ｔ_ｃ抗性的转座子Ｔｎ９１６接合转移到北京棒杆菌ＧＭ９３中其进行诱变。接合频率在１０^－７－１０^－８之间,在没有选择压力的条件下传代培养,接合子是比较稳定的,仍保持Ｔ_ｃ抗性。Ｔｎ９１６的接合转座作用可以使ＧＭ９３产生营养缺陷型突变,其中氨基酸营养缺陷型占８４％,并得到与Ｌ－Ｉｌｅ产生途径有关的六种氨基酸（Ｔｈｒ,Ｌｙｓ,Ｌｅｕ,Ｍｅｔ,Ｖａｌ,Ｉｌｅ）的缺陷株。     

谷氨酸棒杆菌H+-ATPase基因失活提高谷氨酸产生量

为了证实在谷氨酸棒杆菌中,利用H⁺-ATPase基因失活构建高产谷氨酸基因工程菌的应用可行性,通过重组PCR技术部分缺失H⁺-ATPaseγ亚基基因序列,采用插入失活方法构建H⁺-ATPase失活的谷氨酸棒杆菌。考察了其谷氨酸产生能力及对生长速率的影响。实验结果表明,H⁺-ATPase失活的谷氨酸棒杆菌在含有100g/L的葡萄糖培养基中摇瓶发酵,其谷氨酸最大累积量为51.6g/L, 比野生菌株提高了42.9%。生长速率研究结果表明,H⁺-ATPase失活的谷氨酸棒杆菌生长速率略低于野生谷氨酸棒杆菌。证实了H⁺-ATPase基因失活对提高谷氨酸产量的作用,为利用H⁺-ATPase基因构建高产谷氨酸基因工程菌株提供了科学依据。     

大肠杆菌脯氨酸基因的体内克隆及表达

用含mini－Mu的多拷贝质粒pEG5005体内克隆了大肠杆菌脯氨酸基因ProA⁺B⁺,其Pr0^＋克隆频率为1．46×1O^-3／Kan r转导子。遗传和生化分析表明这些克隆的Pr0^＋基团位于质粒上,用生长谱法对若干克隆子作了脯氨酸产量测定,但未检测出脯氨酸的积累。通过细胞内诱变Pro^＋克隆pPR3获得的去反馈抑制突变质粒pPR7,在脯氨酸Pr0AB基因缺失的寄主中可积累0．35mg／ml的脯氨酸,将此克隆转移至产1mg／ml脑氨酸的受体菌,其产酸量达2．5mg／ml,比受体高2．5倍,比供体提高了7倍,文中还对pEG5005和克隆pPR3作了内切酶分析。     

芽孢杆菌高表达质粒的构建及其性质的研究

以B.subtilis质粒pUB110为基础构建了双标记(Km²、cm²),多酶切点接头的表达质粒pNQl22和pNQll3系列。pNQl22的分子量为3．2×10⁶道尔顿,其对cm抗性水平和cat-86基因表达水平与质粒pPL600相同,pNQll3系列质粒分子量为3．1—4．1×10。道尔顿。其对cm抗性水平高于质粒pPL600,它们所携带的cat-86基因的表达水平无论在非诱导和诱导条件下部比pPL600高约5倍。无分解代谢阻遏现象,传代稳定,因而可以用作Bacillus属基因工程的载体。     

一株高效抗砷喜温硫杆菌工程菌的构建

利用DNA体外重组技术,将大肠杆菌质粒载体pUM3上的抗砷基因簇片段亚克隆到含有强启动子（tac启动子）并具有广泛寄主范围特性的IncQ族质粒pMMB24上,删除调节基因片段,构建了含有强启动子、可在tra基因诱动下转移的组成型表达的抗砷质粒pSDRA4。通过接合转移的方式将其导入专性自养极端嗜酸性喜温硫杆菌Acidithiobacillus caldus中,构建了冶金工程菌Acidithiobacillus caldus (pSDRA4),接合转移频率为（1.444±0.797）×10-4。表明在大肠杆菌和喜温硫杆菌之间成功地建立了一个遗传转移系统。经检测,重组质粒在喜温硫杆菌中具有较好的稳定性,在无选择压力条件下传代50次基本保持稳定（重组质粒保留76% 以上）。经抗砷性能检测,与野生菌相比,构建的喜温硫杆菌工程菌抗砷能力明显提高,从10mmol/L提高到45mmol/L。     

Frequent conjugative transfer accelerates adaptation of a broad-host-range plasmid to an unfavorable Pseudomonas putida host

IncP-1 plasmids are known to be promiscuous, but it is not understood if they are equally well adapted to various species within their host range. Moreover, little is known about their fate in bacterial communities. We determined if the IncP-1beta plasmid pB10 was unstable in some Proteobacteria, and whether plasmid stability was enhanced after long-term carriage in a single host and when regularly switched between isogenic hosts. Plasmid pB10 was found to be very unstable in Pseudomonas putida H2, and conferred a high cost (c. 20% decrease in fitness relative to the plasmid-free host). H2(pB10) was then evolved under conditions that selected for plasmid maintenance, with or without regular plasmid transfer (host-switching). When tested in the ancestral host, the evolved plasmids were more stable and their cost was significantly reduced (9% and 16% for plasmids from host-switched and nonswitched lineages, respectively). Our findings suggest that IncP-1 plasmids can rapidly adapt to an unfavorable host by improving their overall stability, and that regular conjugative transfer accelerates this process.     

A novel metabolic pathway for creatinine degradation in Pseudomonas putida 77

Abstract A simple and rapid method is described to determine the plasmid content of cyanobacteria. This procedure is a modification of the Eckhardt in-well lysis and agarose gel electrophoresis technique and can be used for both unicellular and filamentous cyanobacteria.     

西藏土壤中分离的链霉菌含有丰富的线型和环型质粒

【目的】研究极端自然环境对链霉菌线型和环型质粒分布的影响。【方法】从西藏高原采集了20份土壤样品,分离和初步鉴定链霉菌,提取和检测质粒DNA。【结果】从中分离到46株链霉菌,其中有23株菌含有1 4个线型质粒,大小在19 650 kb之间,8个菌株含有1 4个环型质粒,大小在4 80 kb之间。【结论】西藏土壤来源的链霉菌含有大量的、多样的线型质粒和环型质粒,暗示极端环境中诸如强紫外辐射等可能会引发DNA损伤和修复,进而造成质粒的多样性。     

水稻内生链霉菌中的线型和环型质粒

植物内生放线菌的研究是一个近年来兴起的学科领域,在进一步探索和开发微生物资源方面,植物内生放线菌逐渐成为相关领域同行的关注热点.     

Location of a second partitioning region (ParL) on the F plasmid

Abstract The leading region of the F plasmid has been found to extend the maintenance of the normally unstable plasmid vector pACYC184. This ability is due to effective partitioning of plasmid molecules at cell division. Cloning, deletion analysis and transposon mutagenesis have located the partitioning region (ParL) to be encoded within 63.65–64.11F. Complementation studies indicated that parL is a cis -acting locus.     

Investigation of subpopulation heterogeneity and plasmid stability in recombinant escherichia coli via a simple segregated model

Many microbial and cell cultures exhibit phenomena that can best be described using a segregated modeling approach. Heterogeneties are more marked in recombinant cell cultures because subpopulations, which often exhibit different growth and productivity characteristics, are more easily identified by selective markers. A simple segregated mathematical model that simulates the growth of recombinant Escherichia coli cells is developed. Subpopulations of different growth rate, plasmid replication rate, and plasmid segregation probability are explicitly considered. Results indicate that a third mechanism of plasmid instability, referred to here as a "downward selective pressure," is significant when describing plasmid loss in batch and chemostat cultures. Also, the model agrees well with experimental data from cultures under antibiotic selective pressure. Finally, model simulations of chemostat cultures reveal the importance of initial conditions on culture stability and the possible presence of nonrandom partitioning functions. (c) 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

水稻植物内生链霉菌中线型和环型质粒的检测

以广东番禺和五山地区水稻植株中分离到的内生链霉菌为对象,调查可能存在的内源质粒.利用脉冲电泳技术从8个菌株中检测到大小在60 kb～410 kb的线型质粒,其中4个菌株的线型质粒可能有保守的端粒复制基因.该结果与土壤链霉菌中检测到线型质粒和具有保守端粒复制基因的比例相似,表明水稻植物组织内部的独特环境不会造成链霉菌线型质粒的多样性分布产生大的变化.此外,从13个菌株中检测到6 kb～60 kb的环型质粒.     

Incompatibility behavior of a symbiotic plasmid pMH7653Rb in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Mesorhizobium huakuii</Emphasis> 7653R

Mesorhizobium huakuii strain 7653R harbored two indigenous plasmids named pMH7653Ra and pMH7653Rb. The larger plasmid pMH7653Rb (symbiotic plasmid) was transferred to M. huakuii HN308SR harboring three plasmids: pMHHN308a, pMHHN308b and pMHHN308c, and HN3015SR harboring three plasmids: pMHHN3015a, pMHHN3015b and pMHHN3015c by tri-parent mating. Two stable indigenous plasmids, pMHHN308b and pMHHN308c of HN308SR, were co-eliminated due to the introduction of pMH7653Rb, and the transconjugant was named HN308SRN14. The results implied that pMH7653Rb and pMHHN308b, pMHHN308c were incompatible and might have been ascribed to the same incompatible group. The plasmid profiles of transconjugant HN3015SRN14 showed that the second largest plasmid pMHHN3015b of HN3015SR was cured due to the introduction of pMH7653Rb. The results also implied that pMH7653Rb and pMHHN3015b were incompatible. Results from plant nodulation tests showed that pMH7653Rb could only maintain the nodulation ability in transconjugant HN308SRN14 and its nodule number was more than that of wild strain HN308SR, but could not replace the nitrogen fixation effect of pMHHN308b and pMHHN308c. The plasmid cured mutant HN308SRN14D harboring only pMHHN308a formed null nodules that demonstrated pMHHN308a was relevant to nodulation ability. HN3015SRN14 harboring pMH7653Rb, pMHHN3015a and pMHHN3015c formed null nodules while HN3015SRN14D containing pMHHN3015a and pMHHN3015c lost the nodulation ability. The plasmid replication repC-like gene sequences were detected by a polymerase chain reaction from 7653R, HN308, HN3015, HN308SRN14 and HN3015SRN14. The repC gene sequence similarities of the strains tested attained 99%.     

土壤中质粒pLV1016 在快生型大豆根瘤菌间的水平转移

在滤膜、液体培养基和土壤微宇宙3种系统中,研究了接合型质粒pLV1016 由快生型大豆根瘤菌(Rhizobiumfredii)QB1131 向R.frediilux Lux3的水平转移及pLV1016 由QB1131 向土著细菌的转移.接合培养1d后,分别计算供、受体菌的生长速率和质粒转移速率常数(γ).结果表明,相同接种浓度下,滤膜接合时γ值最高,土壤中γ值最低,γ值不受土壤是否灭菌和是否有大豆植株的影响,γ值与初始接种浓度负相关,与供、受体的生长速率正相关.在未灭菌土中检测到pLV1016 可转移到土著细菌,土著接合子分别属于根瘤菌属和假单胞菌属.