浓香型白酒窖泥中兼性厌氧细菌的分离鉴定

为探讨浓香型白酒窖泥中微生物区系的构成,采用传统微生物分类鉴定法,对泸州老窖不同窖龄窖底和窖壁泥样的可培养兼性厌氧细菌进行了分类计数,并初步鉴定到属。平板涂布法计数得出,老窖底样的菌落总数最多,达3.98×103cfu/g泥,新窖壁样菌落数最少,只有0.24×103cfu/g泥;经生理生化鉴定,参照伯杰氏细菌鉴定手册等将划线单离后的菌株归为8个属,其大部分属于芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)和芽孢乳杆菌属(Sporolac-tobacillus),也存在假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、梭菌属(Clostridium)等。     

窖泥群落结构及功能微生物研究进展

窖泥是浓香型白酒的特征发酵载体,包含多种功能微生物,这些功能微生物对浓香型白酒的风格特征和品质有着重要的影响。本文对不同窖龄窖泥、不同浓香型白酒产地的窖泥及不同质量窖泥的窖泥微生物研究进展进行总结分析,并在此基础上对窖泥主体微生物的功能进行阐述。以期为窖泥微生物的研究提供思路,为浓香型白酒的质量和香味成分研究提供思考,促进窖泥微生物的研究,加深对浓香型白酒窖泥的认知。     

洋河酒窖泥细菌群落结构与菌株产酸能力分析

【背景】窖泥微生物的种类及其代谢产物类型是影响浓香型白酒发酵过程中丁酸和己酸等白酒中主要有机酸合成的影响因素之一。【目的】揭示浓香型白酒不同窖龄窖泥细菌群落结构,研究厌氧细菌产酸性能,阐明窖泥细菌与白酒中有机酸合成的相关性。【方法】通过Illumina HiSeq高通量测序,基于16S rRNA基因序列分析不同窖龄窖泥细菌的组成。分离获得厌氧细菌,通过比较菌株产丁酸和己酸能力来分析窖泥的微生物代谢特性。【结果】洋河酒窖泥细菌主要分布于梭菌纲(Clostridia)、拟杆菌纲(Bacteroidia)、互营养菌纲(Synergistia)和芽孢杆菌纲(Bacilli)。20年窖龄的窖泥中氢孢菌属(Hydrogenispora)和瘤胃梭菌属(Ruminiclostridium)丰度显著增加。窖泥细菌间相关性分析表明,瘤胃梭菌属(Ruminiclostridium)为窖泥中影响最大的核心微生物,很多微生物与梭菌属(Clostridium)菌株之间多为相互促进关系。通过传统可培养方法共分离得到梭菌目(Clostridiales)的20株厌氧菌。其中梭菌属(Clostridium)菌株产酸能力高于其他菌属,酪丁酸梭菌(Clostridium tyrobutyricum)和丁酸梭菌(Clostridium butyricum)产丁酸和己酸的能力最强。产丁酸能力最高的菌主要分离自5年和20年窖龄窖泥,产己酸能力最高的菌分离自20年窖龄窖泥。【结论】解析了浓香型白酒不同窖龄窖泥的细菌组成,并对菌株产丁酸和己酸的能力进行了比较,为揭示窖泥微生物功能及其对白酒风味物质合成的影响奠定了相关的研究基础。     

不同时期窖泥理化因子、风味物质和细菌组成的相关性

【背景】窖泥品质是影响浓香型白酒质量的重要因素之一,窖泥的理化特性、微生物群落结构和风味物质等与窖泥的品质有关。【目的】揭示不同时空浓香型白酒窖泥理化因子、细菌群落结构和挥发性风味物质三者之间的关系。【方法】比较演替期(10年)和成熟期(30年)的窖泥理化因子,利用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱质谱联用分析窖泥中挥发性风味物质,采用PacBio SMRT高通量测序分析窖泥细菌组成,通过Spearman相关性分析法分析三者间的相关性。【结果】成熟期窖泥的含水量、有效磷和有效钾及己酸、己酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯等关键风味物质含量均高于演替期窖泥,乳酸和己醇等物质含量则低于演替期窖泥。演替期窖泥中丰度最高的是拟杆菌纲的嗜蛋白菌属(Proteiniphilum)和理研菌属(Petrimonas),而成熟期窖泥中丰度最高的是梭菌纲的己酸菌属(Caproiciproducens)和梭菌属(Clostridium)。梭菌纲微生物(Caproiciproducens和Clostridium等)与窖泥中己酸和己酸乙酯等风味物质呈正相关,与乳酸呈负相关。窖泥理化特性对关键风味物质和梭菌纲大多数菌属有直接或间接影响,其中...     

基于PCR-DGGE和高通量测序分析白云边酒窖泥细菌群落结构与多样性

【目的】探索白云边酒不同窖龄窖泥细菌群落结构及其多样性,分析窖泥细菌群落特征对兼香型白酒风格形成的影响。【方法】分别提取2年和23年窖泥样品总DNA,采用PCR-DGGE、基因克隆以及高通量测序技术,研究窖泥细菌的分布情况。【结果】白云边窖泥细菌归属于变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)4个菌门。2、23年窖泥共同的优势菌属(≥1.0%)包括棒状杆菌属(Corynebacterium)、香味菌属(Myroides)、鞘氨醇杆菌属(Sphingobacterium)、乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)、梭菌属(Clostridium)、醋杆菌属(Acetobacter)、产碱杆菌属(Alcaligenes)、肠杆菌属(Enterobacter)和不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)。2年窖泥特有优势菌属为Dysgonomonas、Fluviicola、变形杆菌属(Proteus)和Wohlfahrtiimonas,而23年窖泥特有优势菌属为葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)、Hazenella、魏斯氏菌属(Weissella)、葡糖醋杆菌属(Gluconacetobacter)和摩根氏菌属(Morganella)。【结论】2年窖泥细菌群落多样性高于23年窖泥。比较了白云边两种窖龄窖泥主要细菌组成情况,为研究微生物对白云边酒浓酱兼香型独特风味形成的影响提供依据。     

不同窖龄窖泥微生物群落结构与理化指标的相关分析北大核心CSCD

旨在研究不同窖龄窖泥中主要微生物群落结构的多样性和窖泥理化指标(pH、总氮、腐殖酸、有效磷和总酸)的变化规律,并进行了相关性分析。采用凯氏定氮等方法对理化指标进行测定,通过DGGE技术研究微生物群落结构的变化,结合SPSS软件对其相关性进行分析。结果表明,随着窖龄的增加,窖泥的pH基本没有变化,总酸呈缓慢下降的趋势,总氮先上升后下降,腐殖酸和有效磷都缓慢增加;细菌和古菌的多样性指数分别在1.62-2.58和1.79-2.33之间,并都随着窖龄的增加而逐渐增加;细菌的群落结构与腐殖酸、总酸、有效磷的相关系数分别为0.972(P<0.01)、-0.987(P<0.01)、0.878(P<0.05),古菌的菌落结构与腐殖酸、总酸、有效磷的相关系数分别为0.986(P<0.01)、-0.954(P<0.05)、0.901(P<0.05),其他指标的相关性不显著;选取细菌中11个优势条带割胶测序发现大多数都为杆菌,选取了古菌4个优势条带割胶测序发现均为产甲烷菌。窖泥的理化指标和微生物群落结构随窖龄的变化呈现一定的规律,而部分理化指标与微生物群落结构有极强的相关性,这些指标对窖泥微生物驯化有极大的关系。     

不同窖龄窖泥微生物群落结构与理化指标的相关分析

旨在研究不同窖龄窖泥中主要微生物群落结构的多样性和窖泥理化指标(pH、总氮、腐殖酸、有效磷和总酸)的变化规律,并进行了相关性分析。采用凯氏定氮等方法对理化指标进行测定,通过DGGE技术研究微生物群落结构的变化,结合SPSS软件对其相关性进行分析。结果表明,随着窖龄的增加,窖泥的pH基本没有变化,总酸呈缓慢下降的趋势,总氮先上升后下降,腐殖酸和有效磷都缓慢增加;细菌和古菌的多样性指数分别在1.62-2.58和1.79-2.33之间,并都随着窖龄的增加而逐渐增加;细菌的群落结构与腐殖酸、总酸、有效磷的相关系数分别为0.972(P0.01)、-0.987(P0.01)、0.878(P0.05),古菌的菌落结构与腐殖酸、总酸、有效磷的相关系数分别为0.986(P0.01)、-0.954(P0.05)、0.901(P0.05),其他指标的相关性不显著;选取细菌中11个优势条带割胶测序发现大多数都为杆菌,选取了古菌4个优势条带割胶测序发现均为产甲烷菌。窖泥的理化指标和微生物群落结构随窖龄的变化呈现一定的规律,而部分理化指标与微生物群落结构有极强的相关性,这些指标对窖泥微生物驯化有极大的关系。     

浓香型白酒两个产区窖泥微生物群落结构分析

【目的】探索浓香型白酒两个典型产区窖泥微生物群落结构和多样性,分析窖泥微生物群落地域特征及对白酒风格形成的影响。【方法】分别提取四川和安徽两个产区窖泥样品总DNA,应用PCR-ARDRA和16S rRNA基因克隆测序技术对两个产区窖泥细菌和古菌进行研究。【结果】两个浓香型白酒产区窖泥细菌丰富,包括:厚壁菌门(Firmicute)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、互养菌门(Synergistetes)、Armatimonadetes类群和未分类细菌(Unclassified bacteria)。两个产区窖泥绝对优势种群均为厚壁菌门中梭菌纲(Clostridia)细菌,在四川产区窖泥中检出较多的互营单胞菌属(Synthrophomonas)和紫单胞菌属(Petrimonas)。古菌的群落组成较为简单,主要是甲烷囊菌属(Methanoculleus)、甲烷八叠球菌属(Methanosarcina)、甲烷鬃菌属(Methanosaeta)和甲烷杆菌属(Methanobacterium)4个产甲烷古菌类群,四川产区窖泥优势古菌为甲烷囊菌和甲烷八叠球菌,安徽产区则为甲烷八叠球菌属和甲烷鬃菌。【结论】四川和安徽两个产区窖泥微生物的16S rRNA基因克隆文库系统地反映了两者微生物群落的相似性和差异性,对揭示浓香型白酒两个产区的酒体风格差异形成有一定的参考价值。     

浓香型白酒发酵过程中窖内古菌群落分布特征

泥窖池多菌种固态发酵是浓香型白酒的典型特点,其中古菌是重要的酿造功能菌,但目前对发酵过程古菌的群落分布及多样性尚缺乏研究。采用高通量测序技术,分析了浓香型白酒发酵过程酒醅与窖泥中古菌的生物量、群落组成与演替规律,并通过共现性网络分析了古菌与细菌的潜在互作关系。结果表明,窖泥中古菌平均生物量约是酒醅的200倍,两者之间古菌群落的结构差异不显著 (r=0.017,P=0.074),但演替规律存在显著相关性 (r=0.30,P=0.03)。甲烷杆菌属 Methanobacterium 是酒醅与窖泥中丰度占比最高的古菌,其他优势群类依次为甲烷八叠球菌属 Methanosarcina、甲烷粒菌属 Methanocorpusculum、甲烷囊菌属 Methanoculleus 和甲烷短杆菌属 Methanobrevibacter。共现性网络分析显示甲烷杆菌属在酒醅与窖泥中与多数细菌为正相关,特别是与窖泥中主要细菌氢孢菌属Hydrogenispora 和产己酸菌属 Caproiciproducens。研究结果揭示了浓香型白酒窖池中古菌群落的时空分布特点及潜在功能。     

浓香型白酒窖池微生物群落结构特征

窖池是中国白酒,尤其是浓香型大曲酒生产颇具特色的固态生物反应器,窖龄与微生物群落结构关系密切且复杂,对产品质量影响非常显著.本研究以微生物细胞膜的特征组分磷酸脂肪酸(PLFA)为指标,研究了不同窖龄(5年、100年和300 年)窖池窖泥、糟醅和黄水的微生物群落结构特征.结果表明:窖泥中总PLFA含量最高,糟醅次之,黄水最低.PLFA的组成因窖龄而异,黄水中总PLFA含量随窖池窖龄的增长而减小.窖泥中直链饱和脂肪酸含量最高,为PLFA总量的50.7%～73.9%,其中300年窖池窖泥最高.窖泥中表征革兰氏阳性(G+)厌氧细菌的PLFA含量较高,而糟醅和黄水中均以表征革兰氏阴性(G-)厌氧菌的PLFA含量较高.100年窖泥中表征G+菌、G-菌和厌氧菌的PLFA含量高于其他窖龄相应样品.5年窖窖泥、糟醅和黄水中真菌PLFA含量均高于其他窖龄相应样品.经主成分分析,5年窖和100年窖中主要变异菌群是G+菌和真菌,300年窖中主要变异菌群是细菌.描述窖池微生物群落特征的多样性指数可以选用PLFA的频次、Simpson优势度指数和Shannon多样性指数.     

大熊猫肠道放线菌的种群组成及多样性分析

【目的】探究不同年龄、不同性别大熊猫肠道放线菌的多样性及群落结构,为寻找潜在产生活性化合物的放线菌资源提供理论依据。【方法】采用PCR-DGGE技术对大熊猫肠道放线菌进行分析,对电泳结果进行UPGMA聚类分析、主成分分析、生物多样性等多重比较。【结果】变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)图谱显示,不同大熊猫肠道中放线菌的多样性及群落结构存在明显差异。随着年龄的增长,雌性大熊猫肠道中放线菌的多样性指数(H')和丰富度(S)逐渐减少,而雄性大熊猫肠道内放线菌的多样性指数(H')和丰富度(S)逐渐增多。不同个体的大熊猫肠道放线菌的群落结构存在明显差异,但相同性别之间的相似性很高。DGGE条带回收测序结果表明,获得的28条序列归属于10个放线菌属,其中链霉菌属(Streptomyces)为优势菌属,占总数的46%;北里孢菌属(Kitasatospora)、红球菌属(Rhodococcus)、棒杆菌属(Corynebacterium)、迪茨氏菌属(Dietziaceae)、大理石雕菌属(Marmoricola)、布登堡菌属(Beutenbergia)、微杆菌属(Microbacterium)、链嗜酸菌属(Streptacidiphilus)和芽生球菌属(Blastococcus)等为非链霉菌属,占总数的54%。【结论】大熊猫肠道内蕴藏着丰富的放线菌资源,其肠道菌群的结构与组成受年龄和性别的影响。     

Actinobacterial community and diversity in rhizosphere soils of Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Lec assessed by RT-PCR and PCR-DGGE

The actinobacterial community in rhizospheres of eaglewood (Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Lec) was analyzed using culture-independent methods of RT-PCR and PCR DGGE of 16S rRNA gene. We conducted the experiments to investigate the difference in diversity and community structure of actinobacteria with respect to sampling sites and seasons and to determine effect of plant species on selection of rhizosphere community from different sampling sites. Total genomic DNA and RNA were extracted from rhizosphere soils collected from two plantations in Phetchabun province and one plantation in each Nakhonnayok province, Rayong province and Chiang Mai province of Thailand during dry and rainy seasons. The UPGMA dendrogram generated from DGGE fingerprints showed that the actinobacterial community was separated corresponding to sampling sites, suggesting sampling sites effect. The shift in community and diversity between two seasons was detected in all sampling sites. RNA-based analyses showed that several actinobacterial groups appeared to be ubiquitous but different in metabolic activity in different environments. Species diversity (S) and simple indexes (I) indicate the increase in species diversity of actinobacteria from all sampling sites in rainy season. Cloning and sequencing of 16S rRNA gene fragments obtained from DGGE bands revealed that 14 of 40 dominant species of actinobacteria in the rhizospheres of this plant belonged to uncultured actinobacteria. Besides the uncultured actinobacteria, Nocardioides sp., Streptomyces sp., Mycobacterium sp., Rhodococcus sp. and Actinoplanes sp. were indentified and frequently found more than other genera.     

Changes in the Rumen Epimural Bacterial Diversity of Beef Cattle as Affected by Diet and Induced Ruminal Acidosis

Little is known about the nature of the rumen epithelial adherent (epimural) microbiome in cattle fed different diets. Using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), and pyrosequencing of the V3 hypervariable coding region of 16S rRNA, epimural bacterial communities of 8 cattle were profiled during the transition from a forage to a high-concentrate diet, during acidosis, and after recovery. A total of 153,621 high-quality gene sequences were obtained, with populations exhibiting less taxonomic variability among individuals than across diets. The bacterial community composition exhibited clustering (P < 0.03) by diet, with only 14 genera, representing >1% of the rumen epimural population, differing (P ≤ 0.05) among diets. During acidosis, levels of Atopobium, Desulfocurvus, Fervidicola, Lactobacillus, and Olsenella increased, while during the recovery, Desulfocurvus, Lactobacillus, and Olsenella reverted to levels similar to those with the high-grain diet and Sharpea and Succinivibrio reverted to levels similar to those with the forage diet. The relative abundances of bacterial populations changed during diet transition for all qPCR targets except Streptococcus spp. Less than 5% of total operational taxonomic units (OTUs) identified exhibited significant variability across diets. Based on DGGE, the community structures of epithelial populations differed (P ≤ 0.10); segregation was most prominent for the mixed forage diet versus the grain, acidotic challenge, and recovery diets. Atopobium, cc142, Lactobacillus, Olsenella, RC39, Sharpea, Solobacterium, Succiniclasticum, and Syntrophococcus were particularly prevalent during acidosis. Determining the metabolic roles of these key genera in the rumens of cattle fed high-grain diets could define a clinical microbial profile associated with ruminal acidosis.     

Characterization of eubacterial and archaeal community diversity in the pit mud of Chinese Luzhou-flavor liquor by nested PCR–DGGE

The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the microbial community structures of eubacteria and archaea in the pit mud of Chinese Luzhou-flavor liquor from the wall (C_w) and bottom (C_b) of cellar through nested PCR–denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The Shannon–Wiener index (H) calculated from the DGGE profiles showed that the community diversities of eubacteria and archaea in samples from C_b were almost higher than that from C_w. In addition, cluster analysis of the DGGE profiles revealed that some differences were found in the microbial community structure in samples from different locations. The closely relative microorganisms of all eubacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences fell into four phyla (Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria), including 12 genera and 2 uncultured eubacteria. Moreover, 37.1 % eubacteria were affiliated with Clostridium. Particularly, genus Acinetobacter was absent in all samples from C_b but present in all samples from C_w. The closely relative microorganisms of all archaeal 16S rRNA gene sequences fell into four genera, which included Methanobrevibacter, Methanoculleus, Methanobacterium and Methanosaeta, while the dominant archaea in samples from C_w and C_b were similar. Results presented in this study provide further understanding of the spatial differences in microbial community structure in the pit mud, and is of great importance for the production and quality improvement of Luzhou-flavor liquor.     

浓香型白酒窖池细菌群落

利用PCR-SSCP技术研究了不同窖龄浓香型白酒窖池细菌群落的变化规律,结果发现:(1)所有窖泥样品均出现9-22条较清晰的条带,其中均表现出较高优势度的条带7条,但各样品优势条带的变化规律不同;(2)所有窖泥样品平均生物多样性指数都在1.93-2.82之间,随着窖龄的增加,相同位置样品的多样性指数总体上呈递增趋势;(3)同一窖池不同位置样品的PCR-SSCP图谱相似性指数较高,在0.63-1.00之间,不同窖龄窖池的SSCP图谱相似性指数较低,在0.34-0.76之间。     

Molecular Phylogeny and Diversity of the Salt-Tolerant Alkaliphilic Actinobacteria Inhabiting Coastal Gujarat,India

Actinobacteria is a dominant phylum in saline soil and play important roles in the process of organic matter decomposition and biogeochemical cycling. In this study, we investigated the diversity and phylogeny of the haloalkaliphilic actinobacteria that inhabited the saline soil of Coastal Gujarat (India) using conventional and molecular approaches. The actinobacteria were diversified on the basis of their growth patterns, morphology, spore color and sugar utilization. The cultivated actinobacteria were genetically diverse, with the ability to grow at high salt concentrations. The salt resistance feature was widely distributed among the isolates and not confined to any particular phylogenetic cluster. The PCR -DGGE approach was used to assess molecular diversity and to mitigate the limitation of the 16S rRNA sequence approach. Reproducible band profiles confirmed that the PCR-DGGE provided an excellent tool for the 16S rDNA heterogeneity analysis. The migration behavior of the 16S rRNA genes on the DGGE gel suggested lack of correlation between the band numbers and α-diversity. The findings highlighted the trends associated with the microbial community and signify the role of the DGGE in distinguishing a group of species that exhibit 16S rRNA based phylogenetic relatedness with distinct phenotypic characters. Based on the 16S rRNA genes, the actinobacteria were identified as belong to Nocardiopsis, Brachybacterium, Streptomyces and Prauseria. Nocardiopsis was the most predominant actinobacterial genera. The study indicated that a combination of the conventional and molecular approaches could be highly significant in analyzing the diversity of the actinobacteria from the saline habitat.     

Bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryal diversity in the intestines of Korean people

The bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryal diversity in fecal samples from ten Koreans were analyzed and compared by using the PCR-fingerprinting method, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The bacteria all belonged to the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla, which were known to be the dominant bacterial species in the human intestine. Most of the archaeal sequences belonged to the methane-producing archaea but several halophilic archarea-related sequences were also detected unexpectedly. While a small number of eukaryal sequences were also detected upon DGGE analysis, these sequences were related to fungi and stramenopiles (Blastocystis hominis). With regard to the bacterial and archaeal DGGE analysis, all ten samples had one and two prominent bands, respectively, but many individual-specific bands were also observed. However, only five of the ten samples had small eukaryal DGGE bands and none of these bands was observed in all five samples. Unweighted pair group method and arithmetic averages clustering algorithm (UPGMA) clustering analysis revealed that the archaeal and bacterial communities in the ten samples had relatively higher relatedness (the average Dice coefficient values were 68.9 and 59.2% for archaea and bacteria, respectively) but the eukaryal community showed low relatedness (39.6%).     

Assessment of the Bacterial Diversity in Fenvalerate-Treated Soil

The impact of the pesticide fenvalerate on the diversity of the bacterial community in soil was investigated in this study. After treatment with 0.1, 0.5 or 1.0 mg fenvalerate g^–1 soil in three soils and incubation for a 40-day period, the changes in diversity were monitored by two different methods. The cultivable heterotrophic diversity was investigated by colony morphology on solid LB medium. Genetic diversity was measured as bands on denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) gels by total genomic DNA extraction and purification, PCR-amplification of bacterial 16S rDNA fragments. The Shannon–Wiener index of diversity (H), richness (S) and evenness (E _H) were used to measure changes in the bacterial community in the soils. The results of the cultivable heterotrophic diversity and genetic diversity showed that there was an obvious decrease in diversity due to the application of fenvalerate to the soils, and the different amounts added had different impacts on the diversity. Bands appearing to be either enhanced or inhibited as a result of the fenvalerate treatments were excized and sequenced. Sequencing of excized DGGE bands indicated that application of fenvalerate had an obvious impact on several Pseudomonas spp., or Xanthomonas campestrisor Streptomyces avermitilis. This revealed that microbial community changes can occur due to the application of fenvalerate to soil.     

Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of bacterial community composition in deep-sea sediments of the South China Sea

The South China Sea, which is one of the largest marginal seas in the world, is predicted to have suitable accumulation conditions and exporting prospects for natural gas hydrate. The aim of this study was to explore the bacterial community composition of deep-sea sediments from such an ecosystem. DNA was extracted by five different methods and used as templates for PCR amplification of the V3 regions of the 16S rRNA gene. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was used to separate the amplified products and analyse the 16S rRNA gene diversity of sediment samples. The results of DGGE indicated that the bacterial community composition is influenced by DNA extraction methods. Sequencing dominant bands demonstrated that the major phylogenetic groups identified by DGGE belong to Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, gram-positive bacteria and Archaea. Integrating different DNA extraction procedures are needed to analyse the actual bacterial diversity from environment when the amplification of 16S rRNA gene and construction of representative clone library were adopted.     

千渭之会国家湿地公园典型植物底泥真菌群落结构及功能研究

通过研究陕西省宝鸡市千渭之会国家湿地公园不同植被类型的底泥中真菌群落结构、多样性及功能差异,为千渭之会国家湿地公园水生植物的优化选择提供依据。以芦苇、香蒲、白茅、水葱、荷花等典型湿地植物底泥样本为研究对象,采用高通量测序技术对底泥样本DNA的ITS1片段进行基因测序,获取底泥中真菌群落结构组成并预测其功能信息,测定样本理化性质及酶活性。结果表明,测序共获得11 778个OTUs（Operational Taxonomic Units）,划分为34个门、58个纲、134个目、244个科、599个属;真菌群落以子囊菌门(Ascomycota)和担子菌门(Basidiomycota)为主;芦苇底泥样品的真菌多样性最低;子囊菌门的相对丰度与蔗糖酶、磷酸酶活性呈显著正相关（P<0.05）,担子菌门的相对丰度与总碳、总有机碳含量以及蔗糖酶活性呈显著正相关（P<0.05）;底泥真菌群落主要包括3类营养型和6类互有交叉营养型功能菌群。探讨了湿地中不同植物群落的底泥中真菌群落结构、多样性以及潜在功能的差异,分析相关理化性质的影响,以期为筛选人工湿地植物、有效利用湿地资源和生态修复提供参考。