制备型高效液相色谱法纯化紫丁香苷的研究

救必应药材经粉碎过筛后用50%乙醇超声提取,再以大孔吸附树脂XDA-1分离富集获得紫丁香苷粗提物,然后用制备型高效液相色谱法:采用Welchrom C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,10μm)色谱柱,优化条件,获得DACHB50(50 mm×1000 mm)制备色谱柱初始色谱条件;再以Chromatorex C18(10μm,300 g)为制备色谱柱填料,优化条件探索最佳进样量,并制备获得目标化合物。通过薄层色谱法和分析型高效液相色谱法对该化合物进行定性和定量分析,结果表明所得化合物的纯度为98.6%。以X-单晶衍射方法测定该化合物的分子结构信息,并解析数据,进一步确定该化合物是紫丁香苷。     

RP-HPLC测定杭白芷不同部位5种香豆素的含量

目的:通过高效液相色谱测定栽培杭白芷不同部位中5种香豆素的含量,为合理利用栽培杭白芷资源提供依据.方法:采用Phenomenex Gemini C18(250 mm×4.60 mm,5μm)色谱柱;流动相为甲醇-水(70:30),流速0.8 mL·min-1,柱温30℃;UV检测波长310 nm.结果:栽培杭白芷不同部位的5种香豆素的含量差异显著.结论:栽培杭白芷的根中5种香豆素的总含量最高.     

高聚物型色谱柱在高效液相色谱法中一步分析制备葛根素及大豆苷元的应用

建立了使用以聚苯乙烯-二乙烯基苯(PS-DVB)为基质的高聚物型色谱柱一步分离制备葛根提取液中的葛根素和大豆苷元的方法。采用MKF-RP-HH色谱柱(300 mm×7.8 mm,8μm),葛根提取液经70%乙醇溶解稀释,以水(A)和甲醇(B)为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速1.0 m L/min,检测波长250 nm,柱温30℃。结果表明:葛根提取液中的2种有效成分葛根素和大豆苷元均与杂质达到了较好的分离效果,且柱效大于2 100 N/m,优于常规的C-18硅胶色谱柱(柱效:1 000 N/m)。该高聚物型色谱柱不仅可用于上述分析,还可用作半制备柱制备得葛根素和大豆苷元纯品,葛根素在2~50μg/m L范围内线性关系良好,回归方程为y葛根=1.342 2x-1.018 4,线性相关系数为0.999;大豆苷元在2~20μg/m L范围内线性关系良好,回归方程为y大豆=2.275x+0.869 5,线性相关系数为0.999;葛根素和大豆苷元的纯化得率分别可达95.9%和78.5%。     

HPLC法同时测定江苏引种白芷中5个香豆素的含量

目的:建立高效液相色谱同时测定引种白芷中5种香豆素成分含量的方法,为筛选出适合江苏栽培的白芷种源提供依据.方法:采用Phenomenex Gemini C18(250 mm×4.60 mm,5μm)色谱柱;流动相为甲醇-水(70∶30),流速0.8 mL·min-1,柱温30℃;UV检测波长310 nm.结果:江苏引种的不同种质来源白芷中香豆素的含量差异明显.结论:该检测方法简单,准确,重现性好.江苏引种的川白芷生长量最大,且五种香豆素的总含量最高.     

HPLC法测定蛇床子中蛇床子素的含量

目的:建立蛇床子中蛇床子素的含量测定方法.方法:采用高效液相色谱法,色谱柱选择Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-体积分数0.05％磷酸溶液(体积比70:30),流速为1.0 mL/min,检测波长为322 nm,柱温30℃.结果:蛇床子素的线性关系方程...     

HPLC法测定牡荆中牡荆素的含量

建立了牡荆中牡荆素含量的高效液相色谱测定方法,对牡荆资源进行评价,为牡荆的质量标准的建立提供参考.样品采用超声波提取法提取,色谱柱为菲罗门柱(5 μm,250 mm×4.6 mm),流动相为甲醇-水溶液(4∶6),流速为1.0 mLmin-1,检测波长为340 nm,进样量为5 μL,在柱温30 ℃时对牡荆中牡荆素的含...     

鸦胆子中苦木内酯类化合物的制备分离和化学表征

研究制备型高效液相色谱分离纯化鸦胆子中3个苦木内酯的方法。制备色谱的参数为:色谱柱为C18柱(50 mm×200 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-水(体积比为40∶60),流速100 mL/min,二级管阵列检测器检测波长为270 nm,进样体积为2 mL。在30 min的运行时间内,鸦胆苦素D,鸦胆苦醇与鸦胆因H与干扰成分得到很好的分离,经HPLC和熔点测定等方法检测纯度均达到98%以上,化学结构由核磁共振氢谱和碳谱进一步确认。此方法具有快速高效、分离组分纯度高的特点,可用于制备鸦胆苦素D、鸦胆苦醇及鸦胆因H。     

反相高效液相色谱法检测脂必妥片中洛伐他汀的含量

对脂必妥片样品进行预处理,得到的混合物用薄层色谱、反相高效液相色谱法进行定性、定量分析,建立检测其含量的方法。当色谱条件为色谱柱:Kromasil(C18250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相体积比:乙腈∶水为85∶15,;流速:1.0 ml.min-1;检测波长:420 nm;柱温:30℃;测定结果表明被测峰和其它峰可完全分离,在每毫升10.21~200.03μg内具有良好的线性关系,r=0.9997,测得其中洛伐他汀含量为0.25%,回收率:97.73%,RSD:0.56%。这种方法准确、可靠,可用于含洛伐他汀药品的质量控制。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定杜仲中松脂醇二葡萄糖甙和丁香脂素二糖甙

采用高效液相色谱法建立同时测定杜仲中松脂醇二葡萄糖甙(PDG)和丁香脂素二糖甙(SDG)的方法。色谱条件为:色谱柱为VP-ODSC18柱(150mm×4.6mm,预柱10mm×4.6mm);流动相为甲醇∶水(v/v)=30∶70;流速1mL/min;柱温25℃;进样量10μL;检测波长227nm。松脂醇二葡萄糖甙在和丁香脂素二糖甙进样量分别在30.8~154.0μg/mL之间,SDG的进样量在26.4~88.0μg/mL之间时,线性关系良好;平均回收率分别为99.8%,98.6%。结果表明该方法快速、准确、简单,可用于杜仲中松脂醇二葡萄糖甙和丁香脂素二糖甙的定量测定。     

柱前衍生化HPLC同时测定霍山石斛中13种游离氨基酸含量

为建立柱前衍生化HPLC同时测定霍山石斛中13种游离氨基酸的方法。采用Waters XBridge C_(18)色谱柱(250 mm×4. 6 mm,5μm);流动相为0. 1 mol/L醋酸钠缓冲液-乙腈∶水(4∶1),梯度洗脱;流速1. 0 mL/min,柱温35℃;检测波长254 nm。在该色谱条件下霍山石斛中13种游离氨基酸分离较好,平均加样回收率为92. 7%~104. 3%,RSD 2. 5%。该方法简便、准确、重现性好,适用于霍山石斛中13种游离氨基酸的同时测定。     

Decolorization of aqueous solutions of disperse textile dyes by oxidoreductases

The potential of three oxidoreductases, a laccase preparation of Pleurotus sajor-caju PS-2001, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and a microbial peroxidase (MP) was evaluated for the decolorization of disperse textile dyes (CI Disperse Red 343, CI Disperse Red 167 and CI Disperse Blue 148) used in polyester dyeing. Decolorization was studied in aqueous solutions varying in dye concentration, pH, temperature, enzyme concentration and the addition of mediators HBT and syringaldazine. The best conditions found for Disperse Red 343 with laccase, HRP and MP were: 15 mg L^?1 dye concentration, 50°C, pH 3.0 for laccase and pH 5.0 for peroxidases. Without mediator, the highest decolorizaton results (38.5% and 58.6%) were achieved with the highest tested concentrations of laccase (10 U mL^?1) and HRP (89.7 U mL^?1), respectively, but no significant difference in decolorization was found for the tested MP concentrations (29.9–89.7 U mL^‐1). HBT or syringaldazine increased decolorization with peroxidases significantly, but no effect was observed for the laccase. Decolorization of Disperse Red 167 (up to 15%) and Disperse Blue 148 (up to 25%) was much lower than of Disperse Red 343. With respect to enzyme concentration, the use of mediator and under the selected test conditions the laccase of P. sajor-caju PS-2001 turned out to be more efficient in disperse dye decolorization, than peroxidases HRP and MP.     

Detailed kinetic studies of an aggregating inhibitor; inhibition of phosphomannomutase/phosphoglucomutase by disperse blue 56

Phosphomannomutase/phosphoglucomutase occupies a central position in the pathways by which several virulence factors are synthesized in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Virtual screening was used to identify potential inhibitors of phosphomannomutase/ phosphoglucomutase, and one compound, the anthraquinone-based dye Disperse Blue 56, showed potent inhibition in vitro. The kinetics of inhibition was complex; the time courses for reactions in the presence of the inhibitor were biphasic, suggestive of slow-binding inhibition. Quantitative analysis of the progress curves and preincubation experiments demonstrated that slow-binding inhibition was not occurring, however. Initial velocity kinetic studies indicated that Disperse Blue 56 was a parabolic, noncompetitve inhibitor. Progress curves for reactions in the presence of Disperse Blue 56 could be fitted very well by a model in which 2 equiv of the inhibitor bound to free enzyme or the enzyme-substrate complex. The inhibition was largely relieved by the inclusion of 0.01% Triton X-100 in the assay solutions, which has been suggested to be the hallmark for inhibition by compounds that exert their effect through aggregates [McGovern, S. L., Caselli, E., Grigorieff, N., and Shiochet, B. K. (2002) J. Med. Chem. 45, 1712-1722]. Our kinetic data appear to be consistent with either inhibition by a dimer of Disperse Blue 56 or inhibition by a Disperse Blue 56 aggregate, but the latter appears much more likely. We present a detailed analysis of the system to provide further information that may help in the recognition of inhibition through aggregation.     

Chemical characterization of a dye processing plant effluent--identification of the mutagenic components

This work shows the chemical characterization of a dye processing plant effluent that was contributing to the mutagenicity previously detected in the Cristais river, S?o Paulo, Brazil, that had an impact on the quality of the related drinking water. The mutagenic dyes Disperse Blue 373, Disperse Orange 37 and Disperse Violet 93, components of a Black Dye Commercial Product (BDCP) frequently used by the facility, were detected by thin layer chromatography (TLC). The blue and orange dyes were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC/DAD) in a raw and treated effluent samples and their contribution to the mutagenicity was calculated based on the potency of each dye for the Salmonella YG1041. In the presence of S9 the Disperse Blue 373 accounted for 2.3% of the mutagenic activity of the raw and 71.5% of the treated effluent. In the absence of S9 the Disperse Blue 373 accounted for 1.3% of the mutagenic activity of the raw and 1.5% of the treated effluent. For the Disperse Orange 37, in the presence of S9, it contributed for 0.5% of the mutagenicity of the raw and 6% of the treated effluent. In the absence of S9; 11.5% and 4.4% of the raw and treated effluent mutagenicity, respectively. The contribution of the Disperse Violet 93 was not evaluated because this compound could not be quantified by HPLC/DAD. Mutagenic and/or carcinogenic aromatic amines were also preliminary detected using gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry in both raw and treated and are probably accounting for part of the observed mutagenicity. The effluent treatment applied by the industry does not seem to remove completely the mutagenic compounds. The Salmonella/microsome assay coupled with TLC analysis seems to be an important tool to monitor the efficiency of azo dye processing plant effluent treatments.     

Removal of disperse dyes from textile wastewater using bio-sludge

Granular activated carbon (GAC) did not show any significant adsorption ability on the disperse dyes, while resting (living) bio-sludge of a domestic wastewater treatment plant showed high adsorption abilities on both disperse dyes and organic matter. The dye adsorption ability of bio-sludge increased by approximately 30% through acclimatization with disperse dyes, and it decreased by autoclaving. The deteriorated bio-sludge could be reused after being washed with 0.1N NaOH solution. Disperse Red 60 was more easily adsorbed onto the bio-sludge than Disperse Blue 60. The Disperse Red 60, COD, and BOD5 adsorption capacities of acclimatized, resting bio-sludge were 40.0+/-0.1, 450+/-12, and 300+/-10mg/g of bio-sludge, respectively. The GAC-SBR system could be applied to treat textile wastewater (TWW) containing disperse dyes with high dye, BOD5, COD, and TKN removal efficiencies of 93.0+/-1.1%, 88.0+/-3.1%, 92.2+/-2.7% and 51.5+/-7.0%, respectively without any excess bio-sludge production under an organic loading of 0.18 kg BOD5/m3-d. Furthermore, the removal efficiencies increased with the addition of glucose into the system. The dye, BOD5, COD, and TKN removal efficiencies of the GAC-SBR system with TWW containing 0.89 g/L glucose were 94.6+/-0.7%, 94.4+/-0.6%, 94.4+/-0.8% and 59.3+/-8.5%, respectively, under an SRT of 67+/-0.4 days.     

Synthesis of 2-phenylbenzotriazole-type mutagens, PBTA-5 and PBTA-6, and their detection in river water from Japan

We previously determined the chemical structures of four 2-phenylbenzotriazole mutagens (PBTA-1, -2, -3 and -4) in blue rayon-adsorbed material from the Nishitakase River in Kyoto prefecture and the Nikko River in Aichi prefecture in Japan. On the basis of a synthesis study, these four PBTA derivatives were deduced to have originated from corresponding dinitrophenylazo dyes by reduction and chlorination. 2-[(2-Bromo-4,6-dinitrophenyl)azo]-5-[bis(2-acetoxyethyl) amino]-4-methoxyacetanilide (Color Index Name, Disperse Blue 79:1; CAS Registry Number, 75497-74-4) is a very common dinitrophenylazo dye used in textile dyeing factories. In the present study, we synthesized 2-[4-[bis(2-acetoxyethyl)amino]-2-(acetylamino)-5-methoxyphenyl]-5-amino-7-bromo-4-chloro-2H-benzotriazole (PBTA-5) from Disperse Blue 79:1 by reduction with sodium hydrosulfite and subsequent chlorination with sodium hypochlorite. On hydrolysis of PBTA-5 with alkali, 2-[2-(acetylamino)-4-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-5-methoxyphenyl]-5-amino-7-bromo-4-chloro-2H-benzotriazole (PBTA-6) was obtained. Both PBTA-5 and -6 were potent mutagens, inducing 723,000 revertants and 485,000 revertants per microgram of Salmonella typhimurium YG1024, respectively, in the presence of S9 mix. To clarify whether PBTA-5 and -6 exist in the environment, water samples were collected from five rivers flowing through regions where textile dyeing industries are developed. PBTA-6 was detected at levels of 3–134 ng/g blue rayon in all water samples that were examined. On the other hand, the amount of PBTA-5 in the samples was less than the detection limit.     

Dye biosorption sites in Aspergillus niger

Aspergillus niger is capable of removing dyes from an aqueous solution. In the study, the roles played by three major functional groups: carboxyl, amino and phosphate, and the lipid fraction in the biomass of A. niger in biosorption of four dyes, Basic Blue 9, Acid Blue 29, Congo Red and Disperse Red 1, were investigated. These functional groups in A. niger were chemically modified individually to determine their contribution to the biosorption of dyes. It was found that biosorption of dyes was influenced by the functional groups in the fungal biomass and the chemical structure of the dyes.     

Use of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) peroxidase together with redox mediators to decolorize disperse dyes

In this study, salt fractionated bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) peroxidase was used for the decolorization of water-insoluble disperse dyes; Disperse Red 17 and Disperse Brown 1. Effect of nine different redox mediators; bromophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, guaiacol, 1-hydroxybenzotriazole, m-cresol, quinol, syringaldehyde, violuric acid, and vanillin on decolorization of disperse dyes by bitter gourd peroxidase has been investigated. Among these redox mediators, 1-hydroxybenzotriazole was the most effective mediator for decolorization of both the dyes by peroxidase. Bitter gourd peroxidase (0.36 U/mL) could decolorize Disperse Red 17 maximally 90% in the presence of 0.1 mM 1-hydroxybenzotriazole while Disperse Brown 1 was decolorized 65% in the presence of 0.2 mM 1-hydroxybenzotriazole. Maximum decolorization of these dyes was obtained within 1 h of incubation at pH 3.0 and temperature 40°C. The application of such enzyme plus redox mediator systems may be extendable to other recalcitrant and water insoluble synthetic dyes using novel redox mediators and peroxidases from other new and cheaper sources.     

Synthesis of 2-phenylbenzotriazole-type mutagens, PBTA-5 and PBTA-6, and their detection in river water from Japan.

We previously determined the chemical structures of four 2-phenylbenzotriazole mutagens (PBTA-1, -2, -3 and -4) in blue rayon-adsorbed material from the Nishitakase River in Kyoto prefecture and the Nikko River in Aichi prefecture in Japan. On the basis of a synthesis study, these four PBTA derivatives were deduced to have originated from corresponding dinitrophenylazo dyes by reduction and chlorination. 2-[(2-Bromo-4,6-dinitrophenyl)azo]-5-[bis(2-acetoxyethyl) amino]-4-methoxyacetanilide (Color Index Name, Disperse Blue 79:1; CAS Registry Number, 75497-74-4) is a very common dinitrophenylazo dye used in textile dyeing factories. In the present study, we synthesized 2-[4-[bis(2-acetoxyethyl)amino]-2-(acetylamino)-5-methoxyphenyl]-5-amino-7-bromo-4-chloro-2H-benzotriazole (PBTA-5) from Disperse Blue 79:1 by reduction with sodium hydrosulfite and subsequent chlorination with sodium hypochlorite. On hydrolysis of PBTA-5 with alkali, 2-[2-(acetylamino)-4-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-5-methoxyphenyl]-5-amino-7-bromo-4-chloro-2H-benzotriazole (PBTA-6) was obtained. Both PBTA-5 and -6 were potent mutagens, inducing 723,000 revertants and 485,000 revertants per microgram of Salmonella typhimurium YG1024, respectively, in the presence of S9 mix. To clarify whether PBTA-5 and -6 exist in the environment, water samples were collected from five rivers flowing through regions where textile dyeing industries are developed. PBTA-6 was detected at levels of 3-134 ng/g blue rayon in all water samples that were examined. On the other hand, the amount of PBTA-5 in the samples was less than the detection limit.     

Use of response surface methodology to optimize protease synthesis by a novel strain of Bacillus sp. isolated from Portuguese sheep wool

Aims: To investigate the influence of yeast extract, peptone, temperature and pH upon protease productivity by Bacillus sp. HTS102 – a novel wild strain isolated from wool of a Portuguese sheep breed (Merino). Methods and Results: A 2⁴ full factorial, central composite design together with response surface methodology was used to carry out the experiments and analyse the results, respectively. Among the individual parameters tested, temperature and peptone concentration produced significant effects upon protease productivity. A high correlation coefficient (R² = 0·994, P < 0·01) indicated that the empiric second‐order polynomial model postulated was adequate to predict said productivity, with the optimum loci characterized by: temperature of 43°C, peptone content of 1·4 g l^?1, pH of 5·1 and yeast extract concentration of 10·0 g l^?1. Conclusions: Protease synthesis depends chiefly on temperature and peptone level. The maximum protease activity was more than twice that obtained with the basal medium, so the experimental design and analysis undertaken were effective towards process optimization. Significance and Impact of the Study: Rational choice of processing conditions for maximum protease productivity will be relevant if an economically feasible fermentation process based on Bacillus sp. HTS102 is intended.     

丙型肝炎病毒核心重组抗原C_（27）的纯化

高效表达了ＨＣＶ核心区基因抗原之后,对表达蛋白Ｃ_（２７）进行了纯化。经研究,重组蛋白是以包涵体形式存在于宿主菌内的。Ｃ_（２７）重组蛋白分别经过包涵体洗涤、ＤＥＡＥ阴离子交换层析和Ｓ－２００分子筛两步柱层析纯化之后,纯度大于９５％,纯化得率为５３．２％,总回收率为１７．９％。纯化工艺流程简单、得率高,适合向规模化生产发展。