云南省发现龙里瘰螈

正龙里瘰螈Paramesotriton longliensis隶属于两栖纲Amphibia有尾目Caudata蝾螈科Salamandridae瘰螈属Paramesotriton。李松等(2008)根据贵州省龙里县采集到的瘰螈标本,描述并发表了瘰螈属新种——龙里瘰螈,为中国特有种。目前该物种记录分布于贵州、重庆和湖北的喀斯特地区(中国两栖类,2020)。本研究于2019年9月在云南省文山壮族苗族自治州麻栗坡县下金厂乡附近(104°48'38"E,23°8'31"N,海拔1 390 m)采集到瘰螈标本4号,包括2号雄性(SWFU 003653和SWFU 003656)和2号雌性(SWFU 003654和SWFU 003655),所有标本均浸泡在10%甲醛中,保存于西南林业大学。根据形态鉴定为龙里瘰螈,为云南省两栖动物分布新记录。     

浙江省望东垟高山湿地发现橙脊瘰螈（有尾目：蝾螈科）

2017年2月14日,在浙江省丽水市景宁畲族自治县望东垟高山湿地省级自然保护区(28°11′51.72″N,119°49′2.28″E,1 100 m)采集到瘰螈标本5号,通过形态特征测量和描述初步鉴定为橙脊蝾螈(Paramesotriton aurantius),并利用线粒体COⅠ基因序列进行分子鉴定,所采标本鉴定为蝾螈科(Salamandridae)瘰螈属橙脊蝾螈。该物种为浙江省两栖纲新记录种。     

云南省蛇类新记录——广西华珊瑚蛇

2021年7月28日01:10在云南省文山壮族苗族自治州马关县古林箐乡(103°57′31. 33″E,22°49′27. 38″N,海拔1592 m)进行两栖爬行动物野外调查时,发现并采集到正在路边爬行的成体雄性蛇类标本1号(采集号:006882),保存于西南林业大学生物多样性保护学院标本室(SWFU006882)....     

贵州梵净山发现方花蛇

正2018年4月13日,在贵州省梵净山国家级自然保护区金顶景区(27°53′50″N,108°43′11″E,海拔1 153 m)采集到游蛇科(Colubridae)雌性成体标本1号(图1)。依据形态学特征鉴定为方花蛇(Archelaphe bella),标本(标本号GZULIN20180413)现存于贵州大学生物多样性与自然保护研究中心实验室。方花蛇在国外见于越南、缅甸(IUCN 2018);国内分布于湖南(梁启燊等1982)、福建及云南(赵尔宓等1998)、广西(蒋爱伍等2006)、     

云南兽类鼩鼱科一新纪录——台湾灰麝鼩

于2006年10月及2015年8月在中国云南省采集到台湾灰麝鼩(Crocidura tanakae Kuroda,1938)3号成体标本。1号雄性与1号雌性的标本来自屏边县大围山自然保护区(22°53′59″N,103°41′23″E,2 088 m),另1号雌性标本采自富宁县里达镇半边箐(23°28′11"N,105°35′59″E,1 442 m)。其尾毛长而稀疏,尾长变异大,后足宽大,后足足底和掌外侧垫突出、聚集且呈圆形,这些特征与模式产地的标本吻合。其线粒体Cyt b与地模标本的遗传距离为1.6%。采集地生境为原生林与次生林交界处和落叶季雨林。     

瘰螈属(有尾目,蝾螈科)一新种

基于形态学差异、核POMC和线粒体序列分子数据,把分布于武陵山系的尾斑瘰螈种群定名为1新种,武陵瘰螈Paramesotriton wulingensis,其区别于尾斑瘰螈雷山种群(地模标本)鉴别特征为:1)新种体色较深,呈黑褐色,体背面疣粒较大,背脊隆起较低,尾斑瘰螈雷山地模标本体色较浅,呈棕黄色,体背面疣粒较小,背脊隆起较高;2)新种鼻突中间骨缝较深,尾斑瘰螈雷山地模标本鼻突中间骨缝较浅;3)新种前额骨与鼻骨相连的骨缝线呈波浪型,尾斑瘰螈雷山地模标本前额骨与鼻骨相连的骨缝线左右两侧呈明显“A”型;4)新种额鳞弧鳞骨直立前伸且背面观前粗后细,尾斑瘰螈雷山地模标本额鳞弧鳞骨水平前伸且背面观弧前后粗细一致;5)新种翼骨前枝较长达到上颌骨后缘,尾斑瘰螈雷山地模标翼骨前枝较短不到上颌骨后缘.     

江西省中国瘰螈分布的新记录

江西地区已有两栖动物计2目8科38种(Zhu,1994),其中有尾类已有记录为3种:大鲵(Andriasdavidianus)、东方蝾螈(Cynops orientalis)和肥螈(Paehytriton brevipes)。最近笔者在江西永新县深远山自然保护区陆生脊椎动物调查中,发现了蝾螈科(Salamandridae)瘰螈属(Paramesotrlton)一种有尾类动物,为江西省分布的新记录。现报道如下,作为该物种地理分布的资料参考。1采集时间和地点中国瘰螈[Paramesotriton chinensis(Gary,1895)]标本由宋玉赞采集于2006年5月17日江西省永新县深远山自然保护区船坪附近小溪,海拔352—576m,地理坐标为26°45.1…     

云南省发现弄岗狭口蛙

2018年6月,在位于云南省文山壮族苗族自治州的文山国家级自然保护区(23°21′41″N,104°50′26″E,海拔1 300 m)采集到无尾目(Anura)姬蛙科(Microhylidae)狭口蛙属(Kaloula)标本3号,包括雄性成体标本1号和雌性成体标本2号,并对相应形态特征进行了测量,雄性头体长为35.79mm,雌性头体长为48.01 mm和42.78 mm。根据形态特征比较发现,该种群的标本皮肤光滑,背部呈橄榄绿色,有不规则的深绿色斑纹,指端平切且具两排小乳突,雄性胸部有小柠檬黄色斑点,雄性全蹼,雌性为1/3蹼,与采集自弄岗国家级自然保护区的弄岗狭口蛙(K. nonggangensis)地模标本(海拔186 m)的形态鉴定特征基本一致,仅体色和体型大小稍有差异。基于16S rRNA基因片段进行系统发育分析表明,这些标本与弄岗狭口蛙模式产地标本聚在一起,共享同一单倍型。可以确定所采集的3号标本均为弄岗狭口蛙,为云南省两栖纲分布新记录物种。新发现的种群分布于中高海拔处,较地模标本的低海拔分布记录有较大的拓展。该物种的发现说明,云南东南部与广西西南部的喀斯特地区具有相似的物种组成,对该区域将来的生物地理学研究具有重要意义。     

瘰螈属一新种——龙里瘰螈（有尾目：蝾螈科）

在贵州省龙里县水场乡采集到一批瘰螈标本,与瘰螈属已知物种比较后,确定其为一新种,即龙里瘰螈(Paramesotriton longliensis Li,Tian,Gu et Xiong sp.nov)。新种与尾斑瘰螈(Paramesotriton caudopunctatus)相似,但新种由于上鳃骨后端上翘,成体头部后端两侧鳃迹部位各有1个明显突起;体背嵴棱强烈隆起;指、趾两侧无缘膜,指、趾末端有黑色角质鞘;肛后尾的腹鳍褶橘红色,约在1/2处此颜色消失;雄螈尾后段浅紫红色无斑纹。统计并记述了新种的外形、头骨特征、染色体组型、生物学资料。     

湖南壶瓶山发现刘氏链蛇

正自原始描述发表以来,刘氏链蛇(Lycodon liuchengchaoi Zhang,Jiang,Vogal,Rao,2011)仅已知分布于四川(中部、西北部)(Zhang et al.2011)、陕西(南部)(彭丽芳等2014)、安徽(Zhang et al.2015)及浙江(彭丽芳等2017)四省。2016年7月21日,作者于湖南壶瓶山国家级自然保护区的落叶阔叶林(110°47′23.45″E,30°03′42.27″N,海拔1 421 m)采集到雄性成体蛇类标本1号(标本号:20160721303,图1),标本保存在湖南壶瓶山国家级自然     

Simultaneous measurement of the trace elements Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum and their reference ranges by ICP-MS

The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Crystal structure, detonation performance, and thermal stability of a new polynitro cage compound: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptacyclo [5.5.1.13, 11. 15, 9] pentadecane

A new polynitro cage compound 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptcyclo [5.5.1.1(3,11).1(5,9)] pentadecane (NNNAHP) was designed in the present work. Its molecular structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level of density functional theory (DFT) and crystal structure was predicted using the Compass and Dreiding force fields and refined by DFT GGA-RPBE method. The obtained crystal structure of NNNAHP belongs to the P-1 space group and the lattice parameters are a = 9.99 ?, b = 10.78 ?, c = 9.99 ?, α = 90.01°, β = 120.01°, γ = 90.00°, and Z = 2, respectively. Based on the optimized crystal structure, the band gap, density of state, thermodynamic properties, infrared spectrum, strain energy, detonation characteristics, and thermal stability were predicted. Calculation results show that NNNAHP has detonation properties close to those of CL-20 and is a high energy density compound with moderate stability.     

Reference values for the concentrations of As,Cd, Co,Cr, Cu,Fe, I,Hg, Mn,Mo, Ni,Pb, Se,and Zn in selected human tissues and body fluids

This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids. A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.     

Monovalent Cation Permeation through the Connexin40 Gap Junction Channel : Cs,Rb, K,Na, Li,TEA, TMA,TBA, and Effects of Anions Br,Cl, F,Acetate, Aspartate,Glutamate, and NO3

The unitary conductances and permeability sequences of the rat connexin40 (rCx40) gap junction channels to seven monovalent cations and anions were studied in rCx40-transfected neuroblastoma 2A (N2A) cell pairs using the dual whole cell recording technique. Chloride salt cation substitutions (115 mM principal salt) resulted in the following junctional maximal single channel current-voltage relationship slope conductances (γ_j in pS): CsCl (153), RbCl (148), KCl (142), NaCl (115), LiCl (86), TMACl (71), TEACl (63). Reversible block of the rCx40 channel was observed with TBA. Potassium anion salt γ_j are: Kglutamate (160), Kacetate (160), Kaspartate (158), KNO₃ (157), KF (148), KCl (142), and KBr (132). Ion selectivity was verified by measuring reversal potentials for current in rCx40 gap junction channels with asymmetric salt solutions in the two electrodes and using the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation to calculate relative permeabilities. The permeabilities relative to Li⁺ are: Cs⁺ (1.38), Rb⁺ (1.32), K⁺ (1.31), Na⁺ (1.16), TMA⁺ (0.53), TEA⁺ (0.45), TBA⁺ (0.03), Cl⁻ (0.19), glutamate⁻ (0.04), and NO₃− (0.14), assuming that the monovalent anions permeate the channel by forming ion pairs with permeant monovalent cations within the pore thereby causing proportionate decreases in the channel conductance. This hypothesis can account for why the predicted increasing conductances with increasing ion mobilities in an essentially aqueous channel were not observed for anions in the rCx40 channel. The rCx40 effective channel radius is estimated to be 6.6 Å from a theoretical fit of the relationship of relative permeability and cation radius.     

Relations of the Al,B, Ba,Br, Ca,Cl, Cu,Fe, K,Li, Mg,Mn, Na,P, S,Si, Sr,and Zn mass fractions to morphometric parameters in pediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands

The variation with age of the 18 trace element mass fractions and some histological characteristics of intact prostate glands of 50 subjects aged 0–30 years was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and a quantitative morphometric analysis. Mean values ± standard error of the mean (M ± SΕΜ) for the mass fractions (in milligrams per kilogram wet tissue) of these trace elements in pre-puberty were: Al 28.5 ± 9.0, B 0.40 ± 0.11, Ba 1.48 ± 0.44, Br 10.5 ± 1.5, Ca 241 ± 30, Cl 3,203 ± 278, Cu 3.51 ± 0.89, Fe 33.7 ± 4.1, K 2,364 ± 145, Li 0.020 ± 0.004, Mg 153 ± 23, Mn 0.46 ± 0.06, Na 2,286 ± 130, P 1,391 ± 100, S 1,698 ± 132, Si 62 ± 11, Sr 0.38 ± 0.08, and Zn 27.6 ± 2.3. During puberty and postpuberty, when there is a significant increase in circulating androgens, the mean values were: Al 7.2 ± 1.4, B 0.21 ± 0.05, Ba 0.25 ± 0.06, Br 5.8 ± 1.0, Ca 433 ± 81, Cl 2,314 ± 201, Cu 1.77 ± 0.13, Fe 20.9 ± 1.6, K 2,585 ± 118, Li 0.0088 ± 0.0014, Mg 232 ± 27, Mn 0.34 ± 0.04, Na 1,875 ± 107, P 1,403 ± 98, S 1,673 ± 73, Si 22.2 ± 3.1, Sr 0.22 ± 0.03, and Zn 93.3 ± 8.9. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) of percent volumes (%) of the stroma, epithelium and lumen in the prostate before puberty were 73.4 ± 2.6, 20.4 ± 1.7, and 4.45 ± 0.94, respectively, versus 46.5 ± 2.5, 38.5 ± 1.9, and 14.9 ± 1.2 during puberty and postpuberty. This work’s results confirm that the Zn mass fraction in prostate tissue is an androgen-dependent parameter. For the first time it has been demonstrated that the glandular lumen is a main pool of Ca, Mg, and Zn accumulation and that the stroma is a main pool of Al, B, Ba, Br, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Si accumulation in the normal human prostate, for the age range 0–30 years. It was concluded that the Ca, Mg, and Zn binds tightly within the prostatic fluid, because the volume of glandular lumen reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.     

Caprine blood groups. 2. The C,G, H,I, J,K, L,N, and Q systems

Nine blood group systems of goats were identified using 12 caprine reagents produced by absorption of alloimmune antisera. The caprine C blood group system, possibly homologous to the ovine C blood group system, was characterized by two reagents and shown to be controlled by three alleles,C ¹²,C ²⁵, andC ⁻. A more complex blood group system of goats, designated G, was identified using three reagents and shown to be controlled by six codominant alleles (G ^10.19.20,G ^10.19,G ^10.20,G ¹⁰,G ¹⁹,G ²⁰) and a recessive allele (G ⁻). A further seven one-factor two-allelic systems were identified by seven reagents. The nine genetic systems provided exclusion probabilities of 0.479, 0.492, 0.548, and 0.572 in Australian Angora, Dairy, Cashmere, and Texan Angora goat breeds, respectively. This work was supported by a grant from the Australian Stud Book, Alison Road, Randwick, New South Wales 2031, Australia.