广西大明山鸟类群落组成、区系成分和垂直分布

为了了解鸟类组成和海拔分布状况,利用样线法和固定调查点法于2007~2015年对广西大明山的鸟类进行了研究。在大明山共记录鸟类337种,隶属于17目56科。繁殖鸟类(包括留鸟和夏候鸟)共计234种,占大明山鸟类种数的69.4%,具有明显优势,构成了大明山鸟类区系组成的主体。大明山具有典型的华南区向华中区过渡的鸟类区系特征,67.1%的繁殖鸟类属于东洋型的种类。随着海拔的增加,东洋型的种类逐渐减少。依据海拔梯度和植被的不同,可以将大明山鸟类分成6个类群,鸟类总种数和繁殖鸟类种数均以海拔500~900 m的范围内最多,海拔200~500 m范围内鸟类次之。由于大明山地处热带南缘,本研究将为今后监测气候变暖对鸟类的影响提供依据。     

河南省太行山国家级猕猴自然保护区鸟类区系调查

2002年7月~2004年12月,对河南省太行山国家级猕猴自然保护区的鸟类进行了调查,共记录鸟类123种,结合文献资料该区共有鸟类157种,隶属16目47科。其中留鸟61种,占总数的39.35%,冬候鸟25种,占总数的16.13%,夏候鸟38种,占总数的24.52%,旅鸟31种,占总数的20.00%;国家Ⅰ级保护鸟类3种,国家Ⅱ级保护鸟类23种,河南省重点保护的鸟类5种,中日候鸟保护鸟类63种,中澳候鸟保护鸟类10种。对该区繁殖鸟类的区系分析表明,古北界种类占繁殖鸟总数的36.36%,东洋界种类占34.34%,广布种占29.29%,反映了该地区鸟类区系组成上的过渡地带性。     

内蒙古辉腾高勒地区鸟类区系及生态分布调查研究

2005年5月至2006年6月,对内蒙古辉腾高勒地区的鸟类进行了调查.共记录鸟类58种,隶属于10目21科,其中繁殖鸟(包括留鸟和夏候鸟)共50种,占该地区鸟类总数的86.2%;国家Ⅰ级保护动物1种,国家Ⅱ级保护动物9种,被<中国濒危动物红皮书收录5种.该地区的鸟类在分布型上划分为7种类型,以北方型种类占绝对优势,具有典型的古北界特征.     

福州市区鸟类多样性研究

2006年3月～2007年2月,对福州市区鸟类资源进行调查,共记录鸟类100种,隶属13目30科,其中古北界鸟类40种,东洋界鸟类31种,广布种鸟类29种.调查4个样区中主要鸟类种类和数量的结果表明,福州市鸟类物种多样性指数(Shannon-Wiener Index)为3.4022,其中以浦下洲最高,为2.9590;大梦山的物种多样性指数最低,为2.5308.     

四川白坡山自然保护区冬季鸟类群落调查

2003年12月对四川白坡山自然保护区的鸟类群落的种类和数量进行了调查,实际发现鸟类151种,结合历史文献23种,保护区鸟类共有174种,隶属于12目41科。保护区有国家级重点保护鸟类14种,四川省保护鸟类2种,我国特有鸟类5种。保护区鸟类区系以东洋界成分为主。利用多样性指数分析了不同群落的鸟类多样性,结果表明:地处1300~2600 m的中山云南松及其混交林群落鸟类多样性最高,原因是该群落中生境类型丰富多样。     

广东揭阳农田坡地鸟类及其对高压输电线路的影响

在2009年6月-2010年4月,采用样线法对广东揭阳地区4条高压输电线路及其经过的农田坡地鸟类进行了5次调查.共记录鸟类73种,其中记录停在高压输电线上的鸟类43种.结果表明:高压输电线上的鸟类与农田坡地鸟类的相似性较高;麻雀(Passer montanus)和金腰燕(Hirundo daurica)是高压输电线路和农田坡地鸟类的优势种;虽然非繁殖季节记录到的鸟类种类和个体数量多于繁殖季节,但繁殖季节高压输电线出现故障次数较多,其原因是鸟类在铁塔上筑巢、粪便和巢材滑落引起故障;在揭阳地区,黑领椋鸟( Gracupica nigricollis)常在高压输电线路的铁塔上筑巢繁殖,是造成当地高压输电网故障的主要鸟种.     

上海南汇东滩湿地鸟类资源调查

2008年1～12月采用样点法和样线法对上海南汇东滩湿地鸟类资源进行调查.共记录到鸟类158种,隶属于14目40科.其中旅鸟有63种,占所调查鸟类总物种数的39.87%;冬候鸟58种,占36.71%;夏侯鸟19种,占12.03%;留鸟18种,占11.39%,迁徙鸟类占有绝对优势.繁殖鸟有37种,其中东洋界种类25种,占该区繁殖鸟类种数的67.57%,该区域东洋界区系特色明显.记录到国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物12种,上海市重点保护鸟类4种,上海市鸟类新纪录2种.     

中国北回归线附近岛屿及沿海初夏鸟类报告

于2001年6月8日至19日对位于北回归线附近的粤闽沿海岛屿及沿海湿地(东迄福建省南部的东山岛,西至广东省东部汕头地区的牛田洋湿地和南澳及其附近诸岛)进行鸟类调查,后又于2004年6月做了补充调查.共记录到鸟类77种,其中海岛鸟11种,湿地鸟25种,陆地鸟41种,包括国家一、二级保护种类分别为白腹军舰鸟Fregata andrewsi和岩鹭Egretta sacra.观察新增了10种以往未曾在该地区记录到的鸟类,首次记录到岩鹭在南澳及其附近诸岛的繁殖,再次印证了粉红燕鸥Sterna dougallii、黑枕燕鸥.Sterna sumatrana、褐翅燕鸥Sterna anaethetus和黑叉尾海燕Oceanodroma monorhis在该地区的繁殖记录.通过对比该地区一个多世纪以来鸟类记录(包括繁殖记录)的差异,探讨该地区鸟类区系的演替过程.     

云南省澜沧江自然保护区鸟类资源调查

2005年3-4月,对云南省临沧地区澜沧江自然保护区的鸟类资源进行了调查。通过观察和网捕调查,共计采集记录105种鸟类。结合中国科学院昆明动物研究所鸟类标本室收藏的临沧地区的207种鸟类标本,以及该地区的有关文献资料记录的84种,保护区内共有396种鸟类,隶属55科（另4亚科）19目,占云南省所录鸟类种数848种的47％,全国鸟类种数1331种的30％。其中国家一级保护物种2种,二级保护物种39种。保护区内记录的鸟类有留鸟307种,占所录鸟类的78％。区系成分以东洋界物种为主,有292种,占繁殖鸟类总种数的83％。亚区级区系分析表明保护区内的鸟类以滇南山地亚区和西南山地亚区的种类为主,前者成分稍多于后者,说明该地区处于由滇南山地亚区向西南山地亚区过渡的地带。结合该区鸟类垂直分布的特点,提出应加强对原生及次生阔叶林的保护,尤其是对成熟次生林的保护,因为它们对保存该保护区的大多数物种具有重要的价值。     

泰山鸟类调查续报

泰山鸟类调查续报杜恒勤山东省林业学校泰安２７１０００泰山的鸟类资源较为丰富,作者曾先后两次（１９５９、１９８５）共报道泰山鸟类１３目３２科９９种。此后,在泰安市林业局进行泰安市鸟类资源普查时,又从中查出４９种分布于泰山,即累计泰山有鸟类１４目３５科１...     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV