广西大明山鸟类群落组成、区系成分和垂直分布

为了了解鸟类组成和海拔分布状况,利用样线法和固定调查点法于2007~2015年对广西大明山的鸟类进行了研究。在大明山共记录鸟类337种,隶属于17目56科。繁殖鸟类(包括留鸟和夏候鸟)共计234种,占大明山鸟类种数的69.4%,具有明显优势,构成了大明山鸟类区系组成的主体。大明山具有典型的华南区向华中区过渡的鸟类区系特征,67.1%的繁殖鸟类属于东洋型的种类。随着海拔的增加,东洋型的种类逐渐减少。依据海拔梯度和植被的不同,可以将大明山鸟类分成6个类群,鸟类总种数和繁殖鸟类种数均以海拔500~900 m的范围内最多,海拔200~500 m范围内鸟类次之。由于大明山地处热带南缘,本研究将为今后监测气候变暖对鸟类的影响提供依据。

Species Composition, Fauna and Elevational Gradient Pattern of Birds in Damingshan, Southern Central Guangxi

The Damingshan is a famous mountain rising in central southern Guangxi, southern China. The floras of the Daminshan are diverse and vary primarily in different elevation: Monsoon evergreen broadleaved forest below the elevation 1100 m; Evergreen, deciduous and coniferous mixed forest between the elevation 1100 m and 1400 m; Elfin wood above he elevation 1400 m. Bird composition, fauna and elevational gradient patter was studied in Damingshan, central southern Guangxi, southern China, by 41 mist nest survey spots and 28 line transects from 2007 to 2015. Total of 337 bird species representing 17 orders and 56 families was recorded in this area. 234 species of breeding birds including residents and summer migrant mainly consist of 69.4% of total birds in Damingshan. We suggest list Damingshan as the fauna of southern China because 67.1% of breeding birds in Damingshan are typically restricted to Oriental Pattern. The birds of Oriental Pattern would incline with the increasing of elevation in Damingshan (Table 1). We identify 6 bird habitats according to the difference of vegetation and elevation (Fig.1). The first abundant birds was distributed on the elevation of around 500 m with 247 bird species including 182 breeding species. The second is on the elevation of around 200 m with a habitat of farmland and residential area. 227 bird species including 141 breeding species was recorded in this elevational gradient. Damingshan is an important boundary of birds between tropical and subtropical of Guangxi (Table 2). We suggest to list Damingshan as the fauna of southern China, but different with tropical fauna, because 67.1% of breeding birds in Damingshan are typically restricted to Oriental Pattern. Because of the unique location between south tropical and central south subtropical area, knowing the elevational pattern of birds in Damingshan would be beneficial to assess the influence of climate change and tourism development.