两株具有芘降解功能的植物内生细菌的分离筛选及其特性

从植物体内筛选具有多环芳烃(PAHs)降解功能的内生细菌并定殖于植物体,有望有效地去除植物体内PAHs,从而减低植物污染风险。采用富集培养法,从长期受PAHs污染的植物体内分离筛选出2株能以芘为唯一碳源和能源生长的内生细菌BJ03和BJ05,经形态观察、生理生化特性及16S rDNA序列同源性分析,将2株菌分别鉴定为不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter sp.)和库克氏菌属(Kocuria sp.)。并研究了2株内生细菌对芘的降解能力及环境条件对其降解芘的影响。结果表明,菌株BJ03和BJ05在以浓度为50 mg/L的芘为唯一碳源生长时,于30℃、150 r/min摇床培养15 d后,对芘的降解率分别为65.0%和53.3%。2株菌在pH值(6.0—9.0)、温度(25—40℃)和盐浓度(NaCl含量为0—15 g/L)条件下生长良好,且皆为好氧生长,通气量越大,菌株生长越旺盛,对芘的降解能力越强。添加C、N源可有效促进菌株BJ03和BJ05的生长,加速其对芘的降解速率。当外加C源为蔗糖、N源为酵母膏时,2株菌在30℃摇床培养4 d后,对芘的降解率分别高达71.1%和55.3%。2株菌的细胞表面疏水率最大分别为93.7%和43.9%,对四环素和利福平敏感,而对其它多种抗生素具有较强的抗性。     

多环芳烃降解菌的筛选与降解能力测定

从本溪多环芳烃(PAHs)污染土壤中经富集培养筛选出8株PAHs降解菌,研究了8株菌及其等比例混合培养对菲、芘和苯并[a]芘的降解能力。结果表明,在28℃,培养基中菲、芘和苯并[a]芘的浓度分别为50、50和5mg·L-1的复合底物条件下,培养28d后,菌株B3的降解效果最好,对菲、芘和苯并[a]芘的降解率分别为88.4%、54.0%和68.4%,8株菌的混合培养对菲、芘和苯并[a]芘的降解率分别为87.7%、35.3%和42.0%;经生理生化实验和16SrRNA序列比对,初步鉴定B3菌为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.)。     

盐碱土壤PAHs 降解菌的筛选鉴定及其降解特性

采用富集培养的方法,从天津大港油田PAHs污染盐碱化土壤中分离出一株能以菲、芘为唯一碳源和能源的优势菌TJB5。经形态观察和16S rDNA序列分析结果表明,该菌株为成团泛菌(Pantoea agglomerans)。采用液体培养的方法,研究了pH、盐度、菲芘的初始浓度对TJB5菌株降解菲芘效果的影响,确定了最佳降解条件。结果表明,该菌对菲、芘的降解具有较广泛的pH、盐度范围和良好的降解效果。在菲、芘浓度分别为50 mg/L、pH 6.8-9.5、盐度2%-3%、温度30°C条件下,接种15 d后菲降解率在93.3%以上,芘降解率在20%以上。     

芘高效降解菌的分离鉴定及其降解特性

以芘为唯一碳源,采用富集培养方法,从沈抚灌区石油污染土壤中分离得到一株芘降解菌ZQ5.根据形态学观察、生理生化鉴定和16S rDNA序列分析结果,将菌株ZQ₅鉴定为寡养单胞菌属（Stenotrophomonas sp.）.采用摇瓶振荡培养方法研究该菌株降解芘的特性及培养条件对降解效能的影响.结果表明：菌株ZQ₅在30 ℃振荡培养10 d后,对100 mg·L^-1的芘降解率为91.2%,加入水杨酸（100 mg·L^-1）作为共代谢底物可以提高菌株ZQ₅对芘的降解率.当培养基pH为7～8、盐浓度不高于2%时,有利于菌株ZQ₅降解效能的发挥.     

芘高效降解菌的分离鉴定及其降解特性的研究

以芘为惟一碳源.采用寓集培养方法,从沈抚灌区石油污染土壤中分离得到一株芘降解菌B05.根据形态学观察、生理牛化鉴定和16S rDNA序列分析结果.将菌株B05鉴定为Aminobacter ciceronei.在芘初始浓度为1mg/L的液体无机盐培养基中,培养10d,菌株B05对芘的降解率为51%;在芘初始浓度为1mg/kg的土壤培养基条件下,培养30d,菌株B05对芘的降解率可达51%;在芘初始浓度为50mg/L的乙醇液体培养基条件下,培养5d,菌株B05对芘的降解率可达25.9%.对菌株培养条件进行优化,经SlideWrite统计软件拟合,菌株B05在牛肉膏蛋白胨液体培养基上的最适生长pH值为7.3,最适生长温度为32.5℃,最适装液量为25.4mL(150mL三角瓶).     

低温萘降解菌的筛选、鉴定及降解条件优化

研究采用富集培养法从黑龙江省大庆油田地区污染土壤中筛选能以萘为唯一碳源和能源的低温菌株,采用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)研究降解菌在萘-无机盐培养基中对萘的降解情况,通过单因素试验与正交试验测定降解菌的培养条件并进行优化,同时分析降解阶段其主控因素。结果表明:筛选出2株在低温条件下高效降解萘的菌株,编号为GN1和GN2。在低温条件下GN1和GN2可以快速降解萘,在对照组非生物因素影响基础上,萘(300 mg/L)的降解率在4 d内达到94.43%和95.47%,在耐受能力和降解速度方面具明显优势;经形态观察、生理生化特性和16S rDNA基因序列鉴定两株降解菌皆属于假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas);均在萘-无机盐培养基(萘浓度300 mg/L),培养温度15℃,初始pH 6.0,培养转数180 r/min,培养时间7 d的条件下生长最佳。2株降解菌的生长与5种环境因素均有显著关系。     

1株芘降解酵母菌HXY-5的筛选鉴定及对芘的降解研究

以长期被石油污染的沈抚污灌渠底泥为菌源,富集筛选出以芘为唯一碳源能够生长的菌株HXY-5,采用形态学和分子生物学鉴定相结合的方法进行菌株鉴定,运用光电比浊法测定其对芘的降解效果,通过单因素实验和正交实验确定其最佳发酵和培养条件。结果表明:HXY-5菌株为间型假丝酵母(Candida intermedia);其最适发酵和培养条件为蔗糖20 g,酵母浸粉2 g,MgSO_4·7H_2O 0.5 g,CaCl_2 0.01 g,KH_2PO_4 0.5 g,溶于1 000 mL蒸馏水中,初始pH 6.0,培养温度为25℃,175 r/min发酵24 h;在初始芘浓度为100 mg/L的液体无机盐培养基中,15 d时,HXY-5菌株对芘的降解率可达63%。结果表明,HXY-5菌株可以对芘环境污染进行修复。     

高环多环芳烃降解菌的筛选及其降解特性

通过富集培养及平板升华法从本溪钢铁公司周边多环芳烃(PAHs)污染土壤中分离出7株PAHs降解菌。以芘和苯并[a]芘为底物进行摇瓶降解实验,结果表明:G1、G2和G3菌株对高环PAHs芘和苯并[a]芘均具有较强的降解能力。进一步研究此3株菌及混合菌对原状污染土壤中PAHs的降解能力,发现80 d时对总PAHs的降解顺序依次为:混合菌G2G1G3,其中混合菌对PAHs降解率较单菌分别提高了9.17%、11.49%和16.11%;4个处理对4~6环PAHs的降解率较对照组相比提高的倍数随着环数增加而增大;总PAHs的降解率与脱氢酶的活性呈正相关。电场影响G1、G2和G3菌株对PAHs降解,在1.0 V·cm~(-1)电场条件下,4环、5环及6环PAHs降解率较单纯微生物修复提高12.13%、13.35%和14.52%,说明3株菌具有较强的电场适应能力,可在高环PAHs污染土壤的电动-微生物修复中应用。形态学观察及16S rRNA序列比对分析表明,G1、G2、G3菌株分别为鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas sp.)、苍白杆菌属(Ochrobactrum sp.)和无色杆菌属(Achromobacter sp.)。     

嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌PX1的降解芘特性及定殖效能

为丰富多环芳烃降解菌菌种库、降低农作物的污染风险,本研究对一株可高效降解多环芳烃(PAHs)的植物内生菌进行筛选鉴定,并初步探究其降解途径以及定殖效能。结果表明: 菌株PX1为嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌。该菌株对多环芳烃的降解具有广谱性,7 d几乎可彻底降解PAH无机盐培养基中的萘,在分别含有50.0 mg·L^-1菲、20.0 mg·L^-1芘、20.0 mg·L^-1荧蒽和10.0 mg·L^-1苯并[a]芘的培养体系中,对菲、芘、荧蒽、苯并[a]芘的降解率分别为72.6%、50.7%、31.9%和12.9%。选取芘作为PAHs模型研究菌株PX1的降解特性。酶活性试验表明,芘可诱导菌株PX1体内邻苯二甲酸双加氧酶、邻苯二酚-1,2-双加氧酶和邻苯二酚-2,3-双加氧酶的活性。在芘降解过程中检测到4,5-环氧化芘、4,5-二羟基芘、龙胆酸/原茶儿酸、水杨酸、顺-己二烯二酸/2-羟粘糠酸半醛、顺-2′-羧基苯丙酮酸、1-羟基-2-萘甲酸、水杨醛等中间产物。浸种定殖试验表明,菌株PX1可高效定殖到空心菜和小麦体内,显著促进空心菜和小麦生长,并能够将空心菜、小麦体内及其生长基质中的芘浓度分别降低29.8%～50.7%、52.4%～67.1%和8.0%～15.3%。表明菌株PX1主要通过“水杨酸途径”和“邻苯二甲酸途径”降解芘,且可以定殖到植物体内,促进植物生长。     

高分子量多环芳烃降解菌筛选及在土壤电动-生物修复中应用

采用富集培养和多环芳烃双加氧酶基因检测方法,从焦化场地多环芳烃污染土壤分离筛选出9株PAHs降解菌。以高分子量多环芳烃芘为唯一碳源进行摇瓶降解实验,结果表明,J6、S5、S4、S2和B4对芘具有较好的降解能力,21 d时芘降解率均达55%以上,其中B4处理芘的降解率最高,达到70.2%。进一步研究了该5株菌及其混合菌对土壤中芘的降解效果,发现混合菌的降解效果高于单菌的降解效果,其中混合菌H4和单菌B4的降解效果较好,49 d时混合菌H4和单菌B4处理土壤中芘的降解率达29.3%和18.3%。经过16S rRNA基因序列比对,鉴定J6菌株为赤红球菌(Rhodococcus ruber),S5为芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus sp.),S4和S2是鞘脂单胞菌属(Sphingopyxis sp.),B4为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.)。在电场条件下,混合菌H4和单菌B4处理微生物数量及活性均显著提高,芘的降解率较单独H4和B4处理提高33.0%和20.1%,说明筛选出的5株高分子量多环芳烃降解菌具有较强的电场适应能力,可在高分子量多环芳烃污染土壤电动-微生物修复中应用。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various