广西隆安蔗区环境地球化学初步研究

通过对广西隆安县甘蔗产区不同地层甘蔗生长状况和产量的调查,划分甘蔗生长的适宜地层,并通过母岩、土壤、甘蔗植株中３１种元素含量的分析,研究植物与地球化学环境之间的关系,确定对甘蔗生产产生影响的元素。结果是：不同地层上甘蔗产量差异显著,以Ｃ３为优势区,Ｃ２、Ｄ２ｄ２为次优势区,Ｄ３、ＱＰ为劣势区,对甘蔗生产有明显促进作用的营养元素有Ｋ、Ｎａ、Ｂ、Ｎ;对甘蔗产量的提高有抑制影响的元素有Ａｓ、Ｃｒ、Ｃｕ、Ｃａ。     

春小麦幼苗在水胁迫下内源ABA含量与自由基清除酶活力的变化

３个基因型的春小麦幼苗分别用ＰＥＧ作轻主胁迫（－０．６ＭＰａ）或中度胁迫（－１．５６ＭＰａ）的２个处理,不胁迫为对照,２ｄ后分开观察成熟叶和新生叶中内源ＡＢＡ和３个自由基清除酶活力对水胁迫的反应。３个基因型新生叶ＳＯＤ、ＣＡＴ平均活力极显著的高于成熟叶中的平均活力（Ｐ〈０．０１）,ＰＯＤ却是成熟的高,中度胁迫与对照相比,各基因型各叶龄的酶活力除成熟叶中ＣＡＴ的活力显著下降（Ｐ〈０．０１）外,其它都     

隆安县荔枝适生地层研究

本文研究隆安县不同地层的土壤元素含量对荔枝生产的影响。通过分析地层的岩石、土壤、荔枝叶矿物元素含量及其与产量的相关性,确定隆安县荔枝适生地层。提出可能促进隆安县荔枝高产的有ＳｉＯ２和Ｍｇ元素;隆安荔枝生产中,土壤的Ｚｎ、Ｂ及Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ均感不足;引起荔枝中毒造成地层劣势可能是因为Ａｌ、Ｃｕ、Ａｓ和Ｍｎ含量过高;荔枝含硫量很低,可能为低硫植物。在上述基础上,进行隆安县荔枝生产布局和管理建议。     

广西隆安地层及其元素对板栗生产的影响

通过对广西隆安县板栗产区不同地层板栗生长状况和产量的调查,划分板栗的适生地层,并通过母岩、土壤、板栗植株元素含量的分析,研究对板栗生长产生影响的元素。结果表明：不同地层上板栗产量差异显著,以Ｄ２ｄ２地层最优,Ｑｐ地层其次,Ｃ３地层最劣。与板栗生长呈正相关的元素有Ｋ,Ｎａ,Ｍｎ,Ｂ,Ｚｎ,Ｖ等;呈负相关的元素有Ｃａ,Ｃｕ,Ｆ,Ｓｅ,Ｇａ等     

青藏高原掌叶大黄和丽江大黄及其土壤的主要元素含量

采集掌叶大黄（Ｒｈｅｕｍ ｐａｌｍａｔｕｍ）和丽江大黄（Ｒｈｅｕｍ ｌｉｋｉａｎｇｅｎｓｅ）根茎、叶及根部土壤,应用ＩＣＰ测定主要元素含量特征,研究了２种大黄及其土壤的元素含量特征。结果表明,２种大黄土壤Ｐ含量远低于大黄根茎和叶,Ｆｅ含量则为土壤〉根茎〉叶,其中根茎与叶相差不大,但它们与土壤相差５０～１１０倍;Ｎａ、Ｍｎ、Ｃｕ含量在２种大黄中都表现为土壤〉叶〉根茎,Ｃａ含量在掌叶大黄中为土壤〈叶〈     

GA_3对离体蒜苔细胞内含物再分配过程中H_2O_2代谢的作用(英文)

离体蒜苔构成一个完整的细胞内含物再分配系统。 ２５ ℃条件下,于黑暗中贮存时,苔茎基部细胞内含物转移到顶端珠蒜中,最后苔茎下部枯萎,顶端形成鲜嫩多汁的珠蒜。适当浓度 ＧＡ３处理苔茎基部可以有效抑制上述细胞内含物再分配过程。已有研究表明, Ｈ２Ｏ２由超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）催化产生,被过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）和过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）催化降解; Ｈ２Ｏ２对生物个体发育具有重要调节作用。本文主要测定ＧＡ３对离体蒜苔Ｈ２Ｏ２代谢的影响;为进一步探讨Ｈ２Ｏ２在细胞内含物再分配中的作用提供参考。 取珠蒜未明显膨大的离体蒜苔为供试材料,采用 ５０μｇ／ｍＬ ＧＡ３溶液处理蒜苔基部,用比色法和氧电极法测定珠蒜和苔茎下部Ｈ２Ｏ２水平和ＳＯＤ、ＰＯＤ、ＣＡＴ活性。结果表明：（１）在处理后４８ｈ内,珠蒜和苔茎下部Ｈ２Ｏ２代谢即产生明显差异（Ｆｉｇ．１－４）;（２）贮存２０ｄ后对照珠蒜明显膨大,而ＧＡ３处理珠蒜光显著变化（Ｔａｂｌｅ１）;（３）ＧＡ３处理显著提高了珠蒜Ｈ２Ｏ２水平和ＳＯＤ、ＰＯＤ、ＣＡＴ活性,相反苔茎下部Ｈ２Ｏ２水平和ＰＯＤ、ＣＡＴ活性受到显著抑制,而ＳＯＤ活性提高（Ｆｉｇ．５－８）。ＧＡ３处理对珠蒜和苔茎下部Ｈ２Ｏ２代谢的相反     

百草枯和苯甲酸钠对渗透胁迫下抗旱性不同玉米品种愈伤组织的影响

两个品种玉米愈伤组织经０．５和５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ的百草枯处理３ｈ后,在渗透胁迫下处理２４ｈ电解质泄漏率增加;Ｈ２Ｏ２和ＭＤＡ积累;ＡｓＡ和ＣＡＲ含量的减少加剧。０．５和５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ的苯甲酸钠减轻渗透胁迫诱导的氧化伤害,促进ＣＡＴ活性的增加;使ＳＯＤ、ＧＲ、ＡＰ和ＰＯＤ能维持较高的活性;ＡｓＡ和ＣＡＲ含量降低的幅度减小。     

血管紧张素Ⅱ对大鼠心肌肌浆网Ca~(2+),Mg~(2+)-ATPase基因转录调节的影响

观察血管紧张素Ⅱ（ＡｎｇⅡ）对心肌肌浆网Ｃａ２＋,Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ基因（ＳＥＲＣＡ２ａ）转录调节的影响,评价ＤＭＰ８１１对此效应的干预作用．６周龄雄性ＳＤ大鼠随机分为３组,每组６只．组１：生理盐水输注;组２：ＡｎｇⅡ输注＋ＤＭＰ８１１管饲（３ｍｇ·ｄ－１·ｋｇ－１）;组３：ＡｎｇⅡ输注（２００ｎｇ·ｍｉｎ－１·ｋｇ－１．１周后称其体重,取心脏并称重,提取心脏总ＲＮＡ后采用Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ的方法检测ＳＥＲ－ＣＡ２ａ的转录水平,采用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ检测ＡｎｇⅡ１型受体（ＡＴ１）ｍＲＮＡ水平．实验后,组３心重（ＣＷ）、心重／体重（Ｃ／Ｂ）、ＡＴ１受体转录水平均高于组１（分别增加４．７±０．４％,４．９±０．９％和２４．７±３．５％;Ｐ＜０．０１）,而ＳＥＲＣＡ２ａ基因转录水平显著低于组１（降低２０．１±３．０％,Ｐ＜０．０１）,并且ＳＥＲＣＡ２ａｍＲＮＡ水平与ＡＴ１受体ｍＲＮＡ水平呈负相关（ｒ＝－０．７４,Ｐ＜０．０１）．ＡｎｇⅡ导致的上述改变能被ＤＭＰ８１１完全阻断．ＡｎｇⅡ通过其Ⅰ型受体的介导,诱导了ＳＥＲＣＡ２ａ的转录下调     

乙肝病毒核衣壳启动子内三链DNA的形成

用电泳迁移分析方法研究了２１ｎｔ脱氧寡核苷酸Ｇ３ＴＧ２ＴＧＴ２Ｇ５ＴＧ２ＴＧＴ（ＣＰ１）与１２９ｂｐ的乙肝病毒（ＨＢＶ）核衣壳启动子（Ｃｐ）片段内一位点结合形成的三链ＤＮＡ的特异性及稳定性．在克隆有ＨＢＶ基因组的质粒ｐＣＰ１０的酶切产物中,ＣＰ１仅与含Ｃｐ的１２９ｂｐ片段结合．在２０ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＭｇ２＋溶液中其解离常数（Ｋｄ）为１．４×１０－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ．不同离子稳定三链ＤＮＡ的效果依次为ｓｐ４＋（精胺）＞Ｍｇ２＋＞Ｚｎ２＋＞Ｎａ＋＞Ｋ＋,离子之间存在相互竞争作用．比ＣＰ１多一误配碱基的脱氧寡核苷酸Ｇ２ＴＧ２ＴＧＴＧ３ＴＧ２ＴＧ２ＴＧ２Ｔ（ＣＰ２）在２０ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＭｇ２＋溶液中与Ｃｐ结合的Ｋｄ值约为ＣＰ１的１／７,而在６０ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＫ＋或５ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＺｎ２＋溶液中检测不到它与Ｃｐ的结合,这进一步显示了三链ＤＮＡ形成的特异性．细胞的生理离子浓度被认为是：Ｓｐ４＋１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ,Ｍｇ２＋１０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ,Ｋ＋１４０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ,因此,ＣＰ１在细胞内将能特异地与Ｃｐ结合并具有较好的稳定性．     

两相法分离玉米幼苗叶片生长部位质膜

以玉米幼叶生长部位为材料,通过水溶性多聚物ＰＥＧ４０００／Ｄｅｘｔｒａｎ Ｔ５００构成的两相系统,对玉米幼叶生长部位质膜进行了分离。结果表明,由ＰＥＧ４０００６．２％、Ｄｅｘｔｒａｎ Ｔ５００６．３％,ＫＣｌ５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ、磷酸缓冲液ｐＨ７．８４ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ、蔗糖８．５％构成后两相系统最适宜分离玉米幼叶生长部位质膜。经过三次相分配后,质膜上相中的分配率达８５％以上。经－０．４ＭＰａ胁迫处理２４ｈ后     

广西隆安蔗区环境地球初步研究

 通过对广西隆安县甘蔗产区不同地层甘蔗生长状况和产量的调查,划分甘蔗生长的适宜地层,并通过母岩、土壤、甘蔗植株中31种元素含量的分析,研究植物与地球化学环境之间的关系,确定对甘蔗生产产生影响的元素。结果是：不同地层上甘蔗产量差异显著,以C3为优势区,C2、D2d2为次优势区,D3、Qp为劣势区,对甘蔗生产有明显促进作用的营养元素有K、Na、B、N;对甘蔗产量的提高有抑制影响的元素有As、Cr、Cu、Ca。     

陆地生态系统植物多样性对矿质元素输入的响应

人类活动的加剧改变了陆地生态系统矿质元素(如氮、磷、钾等)循环的速度和方向,并且对生态系统的结构和功能也产生重要影响。如今,矿质元素输入量的改变及其产生的后续效应对陆地生态系统生物多样性的影响备受学者们的关注。从4个方面综述了全球氮沉降背景下主要矿质元素输入的改变对陆地植物多样性的影响及其机理:1)矿质营养元素限制的概念、确定方法以及与植物多样性的耦合关系;2)概述了氮、磷、钾等主要矿质元素输入对陆地植物多样性的影响:主要表现为负面效应;3)探讨了矿质元素输入影响植物多样性的可能机制,包括生态系统水平上的机制(如竞争排斥、酸化铝毒、物种入侵、同质性假说,间接诱导机制等)和植物个体水平上的机制(如元素失衡和环境敏感性增加等);4)根据目前研究现状,指出了已有研究的局限性,分析了未来可能的研究方向和重点。     

Use of transgenic plants to measure insect herbivore movement

Use of ingested transgenic corn tissue as a marker for measuring movement of adult Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (LeConte) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae; western corn rootworm) was investigated. Laboratory observations of beetles feeding on corn foliage, pollen, silks, or soybean foliage provided background on feeding patterns. The interval between food consumption and its appearance in feces (gut passage time) ranged from 102.7 +/- 11 min for soybean foliage to 56.7 +/- 2.9 min for corn silks. In a laboratory assay, protein expression tests identified the presence of Cry3Bb1 protein inside 50% of adult D. virgifera for up to 16 h after they had last consumed Cry3Bb1 protein-expressing corn silks from 'YieldGard Rootworm' corn plants (Monsanto Co.). Cry3Bb1 protein could not be detected by 32 h postfeeding. The proportion of Cry3Bb1 protein-positive beetles declined linearly with increasing time since feeding on 'YieldGard Rootworm' tissue. Approximately 20% of adult D. virgifera collected near 'YieldGard Rootworm' corn plots tested positive for Cry3Bb1 protein, indicating 'YieldGard Rootworm' tissue consumption within the last 16-32 h. Based on a 16- to 32-h postfeeding detection interval for Cry3Bb1 protein and the distance between 'YieldGard Rootworm' sources and sites where Cry3Bb1-positive insects were collected, 85.3% of males and females moved < or = 4.6-9.1 m/d through R2-R3 stage corn. Among Cry3Bb1-positive adults that left corn and were captured in an adjacent soybean field, 86.4% of males and 93.1% of females moved < or = 4.6-9.1 m/d through soybean. Detection of transgenic plant tissues in mobile insect herbivores is a novel application of biotechnology to the study of insect movement.     

Convergence of vitamin D and retinoic acid signalling at a common hormone response element

Although 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3) and retinoic acid (RA) have distinct developmental and physiological roles, both regulate the cell cycle. We provide molecular and genomic evidence that their cognate nuclear receptors regulate common genes through everted repeat TGA(C/T)TPyN8PuG(G/T)TCA (ER8) response elements. ER8 motifs were found in the promoters of several target genes of 1,25D3 and/or RA. Notably, an element was characterized in the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor p19ink4d gene, and 1,25D3- or RA-induced p19INK4D) expression. P19ink4d knockdown together with depletion of p27kip1, another CDK inhibitor regulated by 1,25D3 and RA, rendered cells resistant to ligand-induced growth arrest. Remarkably, p19INK4D-deficient cells showed increased autophagic cell death, which was markedly enhanced by 1,25D3, but not RA, and attenuated by loss of p27KIP1. These results show a limited crosstalk between 1,25D3 and RA signalling by means of overlapping nuclear receptor DNA binding specificities, and uncover a role for p19INK4D in control of cell survival.     

Breeding ewes out-of-season using melengestrol acetate, one injection of progesterone, or a controlled internal drug releasing device

A series of studies was designed to identify methods of improving out-of-season breeding success in ewes. In Experiment 1, 190 mature ewes were assigned to receive in April, either: (A) a control ration of 0.3 kg corn twice daily for 8 d before ram introduction (control ewes n=49), (B) the control ration containing 0.125 mg of melengestrol acetate (MGA) in 0.3 kg corn (MGA8a ewes n=46), (C) the control ration or 7.5 d followed by 1 feeding of 0.5 mg MGA in 0.3 kg corn (MGA1 ewes n=48), or (D) the control ration plus a 20 mg i.m. injection of progesterone on D 8 (P ewes n=47). Ewes were exposed to rams for 21 d. A greater percentage of MGA8a and P ewes lambed than did control ewes (P < 0.04). The lambing rate was greatest among MGA8a (P < 0.02 vs. control), intermediate among P ewes (P < 0.19 vs. control) and least among MGA1 and control ewes (P > 0.79). In Experiment 2, 70 mature ewes were assigned to receive in June, either: (A) a control ration of 0.3 kg of corn twice daily for 8 d before to ram introduction (control ewes n=25), (B) the control ration containing 0.125 mg of MGA per 0.3 kg corn (MGA8b ewes n=21), or (C) the control ration and simultaneous treatment of ewes with a progesterone-containing controlled internal-drug releasing device (CIDR ewes n=24). Ewes were exposed to rams for 21 d. Both CIDR and MGA8b ewes exhibited estrus earlier than did control ewes (P < 0.01). The CIDR ewes exhibited estrus earlier than did the MGA8b ewes (P < 0.05). A greater percentage of ewes treated with CIDR or MGA8b lambed than did control ewes (P < 0.01), with more CIDR ewes lambing than MGA8b ewes (P < 0.01). The lambing rate was greater in CIDR ewes than in control ewes (P < 0.04). These data provide evidence that several options exist to improve pregnancy success in ewes bred out of season and that success varies with method of treatment.     

DNA条形码技术在中缅树鼩隆安种群和昆明种群鉴定中的研究

目的:本研究利用线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶亚基I基因(CO1)的一段保守区域作为DNA条形码技术的研究序列,探讨DNA条形码技术对中缅树鼩隆安种群和昆明种群进行分类鉴定的可行性。方法:对22只广西隆安树鼩和21只昆明树鼩样本的CO1基因进行PCR扩增、测序,应用MEGA V5软件对序列进行比对及分析其遗传距离,采用NJ法构建系统发育树。结果:中缅树鼩种群中,隆安种群、昆明种群和海南亚种的种内遗传距离为0.00%-0.79%,种群间遗传距离为9.71%-13.59%,中缅树鼩与普通树鼩的种间遗传距离为20.43%-24.11%,存在条形码间隔。系统发育树显示:隆安种群、昆明种群及海南亚种分别聚为一小支,分支置信度高达100%。结论:本研究结果表明DNA条形码技术有助于树鼩种群和亚种的分类鉴定,经CO1基因的测序分析证实广西隆安树鼩和昆明树鼩分属不同的种群。     

Effects of transgenic bt corn on growth and development of the stalk borer Papaipema nebris (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

This study assessed the efficacy of two different genetic events, event Bt 11 (CrylAb) and event CBH351 (Cry 9C), in Bt corn against two instar classes of the stalk borer Papaipema nebris across three different plant stages (V1, V3, and V5) of corn, Zea mays. Class A includes instars 1 and 2, and class B includes instars 3 and 4. Stalk borer response and development over time were measured, and the data from 1999 and 2000 show that the Bt corn does have some effect on the feeding and development of P. nebris. Injury to the corn plant was reduced, although not eliminated. Stalk borer larvae caused significantly (P = 0.0001) more injury to the non-Bt plants than to the Bt plants over time. Growth and development of the larvae were slowed and mortality was higher for Bt corn than for non-Bt corn. These data suggest that planting Bt corn may benefit growers by reducing, but not eliminating, stalk borer infestations and subsequent plant injury.     

Effects of phytase and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 inclusions on the performance, mineral balance and bone parameters of grower-finisher pigs fed low-phosphorus diets

Two experiments, a performance experiment and a mineral balance study, were conducted on grower-finisher pigs (42 to 101 kg live weight) to investigate the effects of Peniophora lycii phytase enzyme and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OHD3) on growth performance, carcass characteristics, nutrient retention and excretion, and bone and blood parameters. The two experiments were designed as a 2 × 2 factorial (two levels of phytase and two levels of 25-OHD3). The four diets were T1, low-phosphorous diet; T2, T1 + phytase; T3, T1 + 25-OHD3 and T4, T1 + phytase + 25-OHD3 diet. In all, 25 μg of 25-OHD3 was used to replace 1000 IU of vitamin D3 in diets T3 and T4. Diets were pelleted (70°C) and formulated to contain similar concentrations of energy (13.8 MJ DE/kg), lysine (9.5 g/kg) and digestible phosphorus (P; 1.8 g/kg). Neither the inclusion of phytase nor 25-OHD3 in the diet had any effect on pig performance. There was an interaction between phytase and 25-OHD3 on calcium (Ca) and P retention (P < 0.01) and on the apparent digestibility of ash (P < 0.01), P (P < 0.001) and Ca (P < 0.001). Pigs offered phytase diets only, had a higher retention of Ca and P and digestibility of ash (P < 0.01), P (P < 0.001) and Ca (P < 0.01) compared with pigs offered unsupplemented diets. However, when the combination of phytase and 25-OHD3 were offered, no effects were detected compared with 25-OHD3 diets only. Pigs fed phytase diets had higher bone ash (P < 0.01), bone P (P < 0.01) and bone Ca (P < 0.05) concentrations compared with pigs offered non-phytase diets. In conclusion, pigs offered phytase diets had a significantly increased bone ash, Ca and P than pigs offered unsupplemented phytase diets. However, there was no advantage to offering a combination of phytase and 25-OHD3 on either bone strength or mineral status compared to offering these feed additives separately.     

Candida alocasiicola sp. nov., Candida hainanensis sp. nov., Candida heveicola sp. nov. and Candida musiphila sp. nov., novel anamorphic, ascomycetous yeast species isolated from plants

In a taxonomic study on the ascomycetous yeasts isolated from plant materials collected in tropical forests in Yunnan and Hainan Provinces, southern China, four strains isolated from tree sap (YJ2E(T)) and flowers (YF9E(T), YWZH3C(T) and YYF2A(T)) were revealed to represent four undescribed yeast species. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on the large subunit (26S) rRNA gene D1/D2 domain sequences showed that strain YJ2E(T) was located in a clade together with Candida haemulonii and C. pseudohaemulonii. Strain YF9E(T) was most closely related to C. azyma and strain YWZH3C(T) to C. sorbophila and C. spandovensis. Strain YYF2A(T) was clustered in a clade containing small-spored Metschnikowia species and related anamorphic Candida species. The new strains differed from their closely related described species by more than 10% mismatches in the D1/D2 domain. No sexual states were observed for the four strains on various sporulation media. The new species are therefore assigned to the genus Candida and described as Candida alocasiicola sp. nov. (type strain, YF9E(T) = AS 2.3484(T) = CBS 10702(T)), Candida hainanensis sp. nov. (type strain, YYF2A(T) = AS 2.3478(T) = CBS 10696(T)), Candida heveicola sp. nov. (type strain, YJ2E(T) = AS 2.3483(T) = CBS 10701(T)) and Candida musiphila sp. nov. (type strain, YWZH3C(T) = AS 2.3479(T) = CBS 10697(T)).