布拉酵母联合制霉菌素对 婴幼儿鹅口疮的疗效评价

目的探讨布拉酵母联合制霉菌素干预婴幼儿鹅口疮的临床疗效。方法将90例患儿随机分为对照组和观察组各45例。对照组患儿单用制霉菌素涂口腔,3次/d。观察组在对照组基础上联用布拉酵母0.125g/次,2次/d,口服,2周一疗程。结果观察组患儿痊愈率为66.67%,显著高于对照组的33.33%(χ2=10.00,P0.01)。观察组患儿总有效率为97.78%,显著高于对照组的73.33%(χ2=10.88,P0.01)。治疗后随访6个月观察组患儿总复发率显著低于对照组(χ2=14.01,P0.01)。结论布拉酵母联合制霉菌素对婴幼儿鹅口疮具有良好的临床疗效,患儿复发率低。     

布拉酵母与培菲康对原发性高脂血症的临床疗效比较

目的比较布拉酵母与培菲康治疗原发性高脂血症(EHL)的临床疗效。方法将132例EHL患者采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组各66例。对照组患者口服培菲康2.0g/次,3次/d,饭后半小时温水服用;观察组患者口服布拉酵母1.0g/次,2次/d,8周为一疗程。比较两组患者治疗前后血脂水平及治疗效果。结果观察组患者临床显效率为59.69%,总有效率为93.94%。对照组患者临床显效率为46.96%,总有效率为77.27%,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后两组患者血脂水平均有改善,但观察组患者TG、TC、LDL-C水平显著低于对照组(P0.01),HDL-C显著高于对照组(P0.01)。治疗后随访6个月,对照组患者复发率为37.25%(19/51),观察组为8.06%(5/62),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论布拉酵母对患者血脂的改善效果显著优于培菲康,患者复发率低,且无明显不良反应。     

逍遥丸联合布拉氏酵母菌治疗围绝经期功能性消化不良的疗效观察

目的探讨逍遥丸联合布拉氏酵母菌治疗围绝经期功能性消化不良(MPFD)的临床疗效。方法将64例MPFD患者随机分为对照组(n=30)和观察组(n=34),对照组用布拉氏酵母菌1.0g/次,2次/d,餐后服;治疗组在对照组基础上用逍遥丸8丸/次,3次/d口服,4周为1疗程。随访6个月的复发率。结果观察组显效率为47.06%,总有效率为88.23%;对照组显效率为23.33%,总有效率为66.67%。两组比较观察组明显优于对照组(P0.05)。6个月后两组复发率比较:观察组3例(10.00%),对照组8例(40.00%),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论逍遥丸联合布拉氏酵母菌对MPFD有良好的临床疗效。     

布拉酵母联合奥替溴铵对 腹泻型肠易激综合征的疗效

目的探讨布拉酵母联合奥替溴铵对腹泻型肠易激综合征(IBS-D)的临床疗效。方法将80例IBS-D患者随机分为对照组和观察组各40例。对照组患者采用奥替溴铵40mg/次,3次/d,口服。观察组患者在对照组基础上联用布拉酵母0.5g/次,2次/d,饭前30min口服。4周为一疗程。结果治疗后观察组患者腹泻症状消失时间和用药总时间明显短于对照组(P0.05)。观察组患者临床总有效率(95.0%)高于对照组(67.5%),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。观察组患者治疗后抑郁与焦虑评分明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论布拉酵母联合奥替溴铵对IBS-D患者临床疗效明显,可以迅速控制患者腹泻症状,减少患者用药不良反应。     

硝呋太尔制霉素阴道软胶囊联合布拉酵母对 细菌性阴道病的疗效及安全性评价

目的探讨硝呋太尔制霉素阴道软胶囊联合布拉酵母对细菌性阴道病(BV)的临床疗效及安全性。方法将90例门诊收治的BV患者随机分为治疗组与对照组各45例,对照组患者采用硝呋太尔制霉素阴道软胶囊1粒(500mg),清洁外阴后放入阴道深部,每晚一次。观察组患者在对照组基础上联合布拉酵母0.5g/次,2次/d,口服,2周为一个疗程。比较两组患者临床疗效、复发率及不良反应发生率。结果观察组患者总有效率显著高于对照组(93.33%vs 77.77%),复发率显著低于对照组(60.00%vs 12.00),差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(17.78%vs 15.56%,P0.05)。结论阴道内用药联合口服益生菌对BV患者的疗效优于单一阴道内给药,患者复发率低,安全性较高。     

布拉氏酵母菌联合香砂枳术丸治疗功能性消化不良临床疗效观察

目的探讨布拉氏酵母菌联合香砂枳术丸治疗功能性消化不良(FD)的临床疗效。方法 258例FD患者随机分为A组、B组和C组,各86例,A组给予香砂枳术丸一次1袋,一日2次口服;B组给予布拉氏酵母菌散剂1.0g/次,一日2次口服;C组(A组+B组),4周为一疗程。结果 C组临床总有效率均明显优于A组与B组(P0.01,P0.05),差异有显著性。3组临床症状积分均比治疗前降低;治疗后C组与A组、B组比较(P均0.01),差异有显著性。复发率比较:C组明显低于A组、B组(P0.01,P0.05),差异有显著性。治疗过程中未见明显不良反应。结论布拉氏酵母菌联合香砂枳术丸可明显提高FD的临床疗效,降低复发率。     

布拉酵母菌联合乳果糖对 儿童功能性便秘患者血清脑肠肽的调节作用

目的探讨布拉酵母菌联合乳果糖对儿童功能性便秘(FC)患者血清脑肠肽的调节作用。方法选取金华市浦江第二医院儿科门诊治疗的儿童FC患者92例,随机分为观察组和对照组各46例。两组患儿均常规给予饮食调整和加强排便功能锻炼等基础治疗。观察组患儿采用乳果糖口服液(5mL/次,2次/d,口服)联合布拉酵母菌散剂(0.25g/次,1次/d,温开水冲服)治疗。对照组患儿只给予单纯的乳果糖口服液治疗,剂量、方法与疗程同观察组,两组患儿均连用8周。观察两组患儿治疗前后血清脑肠肽指标[P物质(SP)和神经降压素(NT)]水平的变化,并评估其临床治疗效果及随访半年的复发率。结果治疗8周后,两组患儿血清SP和NT水平均明显上升,且观察组上述指标上升幅度更大(P0.05);同时观察组患儿临床总有效率高于对照组(χ~2=4.04,P0.05)。对治疗有效者随访半年,观察组患儿的复发率明显低于对照组(χ~2=4.85,P0.05)。结论布拉酵母菌联合乳果糖治疗儿童FC患者效果肯定,能降低患儿复发率,其作用机制可能与其能升高血清SP和NT水平,促进肠道蠕动密切相关。     

布拉酵母联合美沙拉嗪对溃疡性结肠炎患者氧化应激的 影响及疗效观察

目的探讨布拉酵母联合美沙拉嗪对溃疡性结肠炎(UC)患者氧化应激的影响及疗效。方法选取2016年7月至2017年12月我院内科门诊治疗的活动期UC患者76例,随机分为观察组和对照组。对照组患者予以美沙拉嗪肠溶片1.0g/次,4次/d,口服。观察组在对照组基础上加用布拉酵母0.5g/次,2次/d,连用8周。观察并比较两组患者治疗前后的血清一氧化氮(NO)、氧化低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平的变化,并评估患者临床疗效和不良反应。结果治疗8周后,两组患者血清NO和ox-LDL水平较治疗前明显下降,GSH-Px和SOD水平较治疗前明显上升(P0.05或P0.01),且观察组下降或上升幅度较对照组更大(P0.05)。观察组患者临床总有效率为94.74%,明显高于对照组的78.95%(χ~2=4.15,P0.05)。对照组和观察组患者不良反应发生率分别为10.53%(4/38)和15.79%(6/38),症状均较轻,两组比较差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.46,P0.05)。结论布拉酵母联合美沙拉嗪肠溶片治疗UC患者的效果确切,安全性较高,其作用机制可能与其能降低血清NO和ox-LDL水平,升高血清GSH-Px和SOD水平,减轻氧化应激对肠黏膜损伤密切相关。     

布拉氏酵母菌联合左西替利嗪治疗小儿特应性皮炎的临床疗效及安全性评价

目的观察布拉氏酵母菌联合左西替利嗪口服液治疗小儿特应性皮炎的临床疗效及安全性。方法随机将80例特应性皮炎患儿分为观察组和对照组各40例。对照组采用左西替利嗪口服液,2~5岁5mL/次,1次/d;≥6岁10mL/次,1次/d。观察组在对照组基础上联合布拉氏酵母菌散剂,3岁1袋qd,≥3岁1袋,bid口服。2周1个疗程,治疗结束1个月后评价两组患儿临床疗效及安全性。结果总有效率:治疗组为90.00%,对照组为67.50%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。复发率:治疗组4例复发(10.00%),对照组12例复发(30.00%),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论布拉氏酵母菌联合左西替利嗪治疗小儿特应性皮炎临床疗效优于单用左西替利嗪,未见明显不良反应。     

布拉氏酵母菌联合阴道用药治疗复发性外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病的临床疗效及安全性

目的探讨布拉氏酵母菌联合阴道用药治疗复发性外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病(RVVC)的临床疗效及安全性。方法将98例RVVC患者随机分为观察组和对照组各49例,两组均给予硝酸咪康唑栓0.2g/粒联合重组人干扰素α2b栓10万IU/粒,于月经干净3d后阴道给药,每次1粒,1次/d。观察组联合布拉氏酵母菌0.5g/次,2次/d,口服。连续用药3个月经周期,比较两组临床疗效、治疗前及治疗后3、6个月阴道分泌物炎性指标水平、复发情况及不良反应等。结果观察组临床总有效率明显高于对照组(χ~2=4.305,P0.05)。治疗后3个月、6个月观察组总复发率明显低于对照组(χ~2=15.004,P0.01)。不良反应发生率两组差异无统计学意义(χ~2=1.089,P0.05)。治疗后3个月、6个月两组IL-6水平逐渐下降,IFN-γ水平逐渐上升,但观察组升降幅度明显高于对照组(P0.01)。结论布拉氏酵母菌联合阴道用药治疗RVVC的临床疗效显著,能有效改善阴道炎症因子水平,安全有效且复发率低。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.     

Composition and diversity of bird communities in Swedish farmland–forest mosaic landscapes

CapsuleThe amount of forest (at local and landscape scales) and occurrence of residual habitats at the local scale are shown to be the major factors influencing bird community composition in farmland–forest landscapes in central Sweden.

Aims To investigate the importance of local habitat and landscape structure for breeding birds in farmland–forest landscapes in central Sweden.

Methods Breeding birds were censused at 292 points. A detailed habitat mapping was made within 300 m of the points. Within a 300–600 m radius only two major habitats (forests and arable fields) were identified.

Results Cluster analyses of bird communities identified three site types that also differed in habitat composition: (i) partially forested sites in forested landscapes; (ii) heterogeneous sites with residual habitats in mosaic landscapes; and (iii) field-dominated farmland sites in open landscapes. A total of 19 of 25 farmland bird species (restricted to farmland or using both farmland and forest) had the highest abundance in farmland sites with mosaics of forest and farmland, while only six farmland species had the highest abundance in field-dominated sites. The bird community changed from being dominated by farmland species to being dominated by forest species (common in forest landscapes without farmland) at small proportions (10–20%) of forest at the local scale. A major difference in habitat composition between heterogeneous and field-dominated sites was the occurrence of different residual habitats (e.g. shrubby areas and seminatural grasslands). These habitats seemed to influence bird community composition more than land-use, despite covering <10% of the area. Seminatural grasslands were important for bird community composition and species-richness, but grazing seemed to be less important. Among different land-use types, cereal crops were the least preferred fields. Set-asides with tall vegetation and short rotation coppices were positively associated with species-richness of farmland birds.

Conclusion In general, the composition of the landscape was important for bird community composition, although amount and distribution of forests, occurrence of residual habitats and land-use of fields at the local scale had the strongest influence on bird community composition. The possible implications of these patterns for managing farmland–forest landscapes are discussed.     

Chemical constituents from the fruits of Rhus typhina L. and their chemotaxonomic significance

This work describes the isolation and characterization of twenty-nine compounds from the fruits of Rhus typhina L., including eleven flavonoids (1–11), eleven phenols (12–22), two pentacyclic triterpenes (23–24), two organic acids (25–26), one lumichrome (27), one courmarin (28) and one pyrimidine (29) on the basis of their spectroscopic data. Compounds apigenin (1), daidzein (4), orobol (5), 3′, 5, 5′, 7-tetrahydroxyflavanone (6), naringenin (7), butein (8), (-)-catechin (9), quercetin-3-O-α-L-(3″-O-galloyl)-rhamnoside (11), 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (13), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (14), vanillin (15), methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (16), 3,5-dihydroxybenzamide (18), tyrosol (19), caffeic acid (20), 3-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propan-1-one (21), phlorizin (22), friedelin (23), oleanolic acid (24), 4,4-dimethyl-heptanedioic acid (25), anthranilic acid (26), lumichrome (27), scoparone (28) and uracil (29) have not been recorded before in this plant. This is the first report on the occurrence of compounds 4–7, 9, 11, 13–14, 16, 18–21, 25–29 from the genus Rhus. Moreover, the chemotaxonomic significance of these isolated compounds was also summarized.