贝那普利和氨氯地平对自发性高血压大鼠促胰液素、生长抑素表达的影响

目的：探讨贝那普利和氨氯地平对自发性高血压大鼠（SHR）促胰液素（PZ）、生长抑素（SS）表达的影响。方法：14周龄雄性SHR 45只随机分为3组（n=15）：SHR组、贝那普利组（盐酸贝那普利灌服0.90 mg·kg^-1·d^-1）、氨氯地平组（苯磺酸氨氯地平灌服0.45 mg·kg^-1·d^-1）。以Wistar-Kyoto大鼠（WKY）作为正常对照组（n=15）,SHR组及WKY组每日灌服等体积蒸馏水。干预8周后,采用免疫组化法和RT-PCR法检测十二指肠中PZ、胃窦中SS蛋白和mRNA表达的变化。结果：干预8周后,与WKY组比较,SHR组十二指肠PZ、胃窦SS蛋白和mRNA表达明显升高（P<0.05）;与SHR组比较,贝那普利组与氨氯地平组十二指肠PZ蛋白和mRNA、胃窦SS蛋白和mRNA表达均明显降低（P<0.05）;与贝那普利组比较,氨氯地平组十二指肠PZ蛋白和mRNA、胃窦中SS mRNA表达降低更为明显（P<0.05）。结论：SHR十二指肠中PZ和胃窦中SS调节失衡,贝那普利和氨氯地平的降压作用可能通过调节PZ和SS的表达而达到降压目的,而氨氯地平的调节作用较显著。     

贝那普利联合氨氯地平治疗高血压的临床疗效分析

目的:探讨贝那普利联用氨氯地平治疗高血压的临床疗效与安全性。方法:将90例高血压病患者随机分为3组,对照组1(n=30)给予贝那普利片治疗,对照组2(n=30)给予氨氯地平片治疗,观察组(n=30)给予贝那普利片联合氨氯地平片治疗,疗程12周,治疗前和治疗后12周,分析和比较各组患者的收缩压、舒张压、血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平。结果:观察组的临床总疗效达93.3%,而对照组1和对照组2分别为63.3%、56.7%,均显著低于观察组(P0.05)。经治疗后,观察组的血压降低程度较对照组1、对照组2更显著(P0.05),而对照组1与对照组2之间比较无明显差别(P0.05);观察组总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇改善情况均显著优于对照组1、对照组2(P0.05)。观察组不适症状的发生率为6.7%,显著低于对照组1(26.7%)和对照组2(23.3%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:贝那普利联合氨氯地平治疗高血压的疗效和安全性均显著优于单用贝那普利或氨氯地平,值得临床普及推广。     

贝那普利联合氨氯地平治疗原发性高血压的临床研究

目的：探讨贝那普利联合氨氯地平治疗原发性高血压的降压效果。方法：将152例原发性高血压患者随机分为两组,治疗组（n=76）采用贝那普利＋氨氯地平进行治疗,对照组（n=76）采用贝那普利进行治疗,疗程8周,在治疗前、治疗后4周和8周进行24h动态血压监测（ABPM）,分别记录24h平均血压、白天及夜间平均血压、心率等指标,分析并比较临床疗效。结果：两组患者治疗前后24h平均血压、白天及夜间平均血压明显低于治疗前,差异具有显著性意义（P〈0．05）;治疗组和对照组总有效率分别为97．4％和80-3％,差异均具有显著性意义（P〈0．01）。结论：应用贝那普利＋氨氯地平对原发性高血压进行治疗,其降压效果明显,有效控制血压降低,不良反应少,是理想的联合降压方法,值得临床推荐。     

贝那普利联合氨氯地平对高血压患者降压效果、血压变异性及心功能的影响

目的:探讨贝那普利联合氨氯地平对高血压患者降压效果、血压变异性(BPV)及心功能的影响。方法:选取2015年2月～2018年12月期间西安交通大学医学院附属三二〇一医院收治的131例高血压患者,根据随机数字表法分为对照组(n=65)和研究组(n=66),对照组患者给予氨氯地平治疗,研究组在对照组基础上联合贝那普利治疗。比较两组患者治疗后的降压效果、BPV以及心功能指标,记录两组患者治疗期间不良反应情况。结果:两组患者治疗4个月后收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)均下降,且研究组低于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者治疗4个月后24 h收缩压变异性(24hSBPV)、白天收缩压变异性(dSBPV)、24h舒张压变异性(24hDBPV)、白天舒张压变异性(dDBPV)均下降,且研究组低于对照组(P0.05),而夜间收缩压变异性(nSBPV)、夜间舒张压变异性(nDBPV)比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者治疗4个月后A峰速度、A/E峰值均下降,且研究组低于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者治疗4个月后E峰速度、EF值均升高,且研究组高于对照组(P0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较无差异(P0.05)。结论:贝那普利联合氨氯地平治疗高血压患者的降压效果确切,可有效改善患者BPV及心功能,且安全性较好。     

槲皮素对自发性高血压大鼠血压、肠道菌群及心室重构的影响及机制研究

为了探讨槲皮素对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)血压、肠道菌群及心室重构的影响及机制,本实验设8只Wistar Kyoto大鼠为对照组(WKY),将24只SHR随机分为模型组(SHR)、贝那普利组(Ben)、槲皮素组(Que),予以灌胃,测血压,8周后,用ELISA检测血清Toll样受体4(TLR4)、NF-κB p65浓度,用16S-V4区测序检测肠道菌群;计算心脏质量指数、左心室质量指数,用苦味酸-酸性品红法染色观察心肌纤维化,计算CVF;用Western blot和RT-PCR检测心肌组织TLR4蛋白和mRNA含量。结果显示:与WKY比较,SHR收缩压、心脏质量指数、左心室质量指数、CVF、血清TLR4、NF-κB p65以及心肌组织TLR4蛋白和mRNA、F/B值均增高,菌群丰富度下降;与SHR比较,Ben、Que均能显著降低血压,改善心肌纤维化程度,降低血清TLR4、NF-κB p65以及心肌组织TLR4蛋白和mRNA的表达,改善肠道菌群丰度。研究结果提示槲皮素可能通过调节肠道菌群,下调TLR4/NF-κB途径,进而降低SHR血压及改善心室重构。     

替米沙坦与贝那普利治疗原发性高血压的疗效分析

目的:分析替米沙坦片与贝那普利片两种药物治疗轻中度原发性高血压的降压疗效与安全性。方法:把2013年3月至9月期间在我院治疗的90例轻中度原发性高血压患者平均分为A组和B组(每组45人),在高血压知识宣教,饮食控制,运动等常规治疗的基础上,A组给予替米沙坦治疗,B组给予贝那普利治疗,对比两组患者的治疗效果及安全性。结果:两组均能有效降低血压(P0.01),A组总有效率为94.52%,B组总有效率为89.87%,二者差别无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:替米沙坦和贝那普利治疗轻中度高血压均具有良好的降压效果和安全性,但替米沙坦的降压效果优于贝那普利,安全性更高,是一种长效、安全、有效的降压药,值得临床推广。     

适量摄入白兰地对健康大鼠肠道菌群的影响

目的探讨适量摄入白兰地对健康大鼠生理功能及肠道菌群的影响。方法将15只雄性SD大鼠分为对照组(n=7)和白兰地组(n=8),分别以自来水和白兰地进行灌胃,剂量为3.3 mL/kg。灌胃8周后,测定大鼠体质量、体质量增长率、肝脏指数、肝脏抗氧化酶和血清生化指标,并观察肝脏病理切片。灌胃结束时,收集大鼠新鲜粪便样本,应用Illumina-MiSeq测序平台进行16S rRNA基因V3-V4区测序,分析其肠道微生物群落结构、丰富度、多样性及组间差异,同时,对大鼠肠道微生物与生理指标之间的相关性进行分析。结果白兰地组大鼠体质量、进食量、总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、尿素、肌酐/尿素和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇均显著低于对照组(t=2.856、1.152、4.144、4.320、3.393、3.495、3.666、2.223,均P0.05),且两组肝脏病理切片均未见病理改变。在门水平上,两组大鼠肠道菌群主要由厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、Candidatus-Saccharibacteria和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)组成,而白兰地组大鼠中放线菌门(Actinobacteria)的相对丰度显著低于对照组(P0.05),螺旋体门(Spirochaetes)的相对丰度显著高于对照组(P0.05);在属水平上,白兰地组大鼠肠道中Saccharibacteria_genera_incertae_sedis的相对丰度显著低于对照组(P0.05)。LEfSe分析显示,螺旋体门(Spirochaetes)、螺旋体科(Spirochaetaceae)、Lactobacillus_johnsonii_F19785、双歧杆菌属(Bifidobacterium)是引起两组肠道菌群差异的主要菌群。与生理指标的相关性分析显示,体质量增长量与Odoribacter和另枝菌属(Alistipes)呈负相关[r=-(0.571～0.566),P0.05],乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)与低密度脂蛋白胆固醇呈负相关(r=-0.722,P0.05),罗斯菌属(Roseburia)与胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇呈正相关(r=0.555～0.621,P0.05),总蛋白与韦荣球菌属(Veillonella)和罗氏菌属(Rothia)呈正相关(r=0.637～0.643,P0.05),双歧杆菌属(Bifidobacterium)与血清生化检测中的尿素、总蛋白和球蛋白呈正相关(r=0.606～0.653,P0.05),与肌酐呈负相关(r=-0.612,P0.05)。结论摄入白兰地对健康SD大鼠生长发育未产生不良影响,也未对大鼠肝脏和肾脏造成损伤,但可显著减缓大鼠体质量增长,且对大鼠某些肠道菌群的丰富度和组成产生一定的影响。     

硝苯地平控释片联合贝那普利治疗老年高血压的临床分析

目的:探讨硝苯地平控释片联合贝那普利治疗老年高血压的临床效果。方法:将70例老年高血压患者随机分为观察组和对照组,分别应用硝苯地平控释片联合贝那普利治疗和贝那普利治疗,观察两组疗效、患者血压变化和不良反应情况。结果:观察组疗效明显优于对照组,降压效果更加显著(P0.05)。结论:硝苯地平控释片联合贝那普利治疗老年高血压疗效确切,安全可靠,值得临床应用推广。     

慢性低氧时自发性高血压大鼠血浆心钠素、肾素—血管紧张素系统与血液动力学的变化

实验采用同龄自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)和Wistar-Kyoto大鼠(WKY),各随机分为对照组(N)和低氧组(H)。实验前 SHR 尾动脉压(25.4±2.6kPa,n=20)明显高于WKY(13.1±1.6kPa,n=20),P<0.001。SHR-N组血浆心钠素(ANP)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(AⅡ)含量和肾素活性(RA)明显高于WKY-N。SHR-N经实验两周后血压自然上升(P<0.01)。SHR和WKY缺氧后ANP、AⅡ、RA各值均比各自对照值增加,但血压无明显改变.而肺动脉压均明显升高。以上结果提示,SHR 大鼠慢性缺氧后,ANP和肾素-血管紧张素系统可能对防止血压上升和限制肺动脉高压进一步发展起一定的调节作用。     

短期低剂量饮酒后戒断改变雄性大鼠肠道微生物菌群并与焦虑样行为相关

长期规律性饮酒会改变肠道微生物菌群构成,并影响焦虑抑郁样行为。而短期低剂量饮酒后戒断是否对肠道菌群产生影响及其与酒精戒断后焦虑样行为是否有关,尚无系统研究。本研究以SD大鼠为研究对象,将30只雄性大鼠随机分为酒精处理组 (Ethanol-C)、对照组 (Ethanol-0)和酒精戒断组 (Ethanol-2),每组各10只。酒精处理组每d以1次酒精(5 g/kg, 25% V/V)连续灌胃14 d;对照组以等量蒸馏水灌胃,酒精戒断组每d以等量酒精连续灌胃14 d,其后戒断1 d。采集所有实验动物粪便,利用高通量测序方法分析慢性酒精刺激后对大鼠肠道微生物多样性及群落结构的影响,通过旷场实验和高架十字迷宫测定大鼠焦虑样行为,并分析肠道微生物与酒精戒断致焦虑样行为的相关性。肠道微生物分类学分析发现,酒精戒断组大鼠肠道微生物的组成和丰度与对照组和酒精处理组比较均出现明显差异。酒精戒断组肠道微生物Alpha多样性与对照组和酒精处理组无显著差异,而微生物群落结构显著不同。酒精戒断组大鼠的开臂时间百分比和自发活动距离显著降低 (P<0.05),且与拟杆菌属（Bacteroides）、梭杆菌属（Fusobacterium）、大肠杆菌志贺菌（Escherichia-Shigella）显著正相关 (P<0.05),而与瘤胃球菌（Rumenococcus）、毛螺旋菌（Trichospirillum）等菌属显著负相关 (P<0.05)。 本研究结果提示,短期低剂量酒精戒断不影响肠道微生物的Alpha多样性,但能够改变大鼠肠道微生物组成丰度及群落结构,且大鼠酒精戒断后的肠道微生物与大鼠焦虑样行为具有相关性。本研究结果明确了肠道微生物在短期低剂量酒精戒断过程中的变化情况,为酒精戒断致焦虑行为的研究提供新的方向。     

New amino-dithiaphospholanes and phosphoramidodithioites and their rhodium and iridium complexes

New sulfur derivatives of phosphoramidite ligands were synthesized and the impact of the sulfur unit on the spectroscopic properties of their rhodium and iridium complexes was investigated. The new ligands Bn₂NPSCH₂CH₂S^a(P-S^a) (Bn = benzyl, 4), Bn₂NPSCHCHS^a(CH₂)₃C^aH₂(P-S^a)(C^a-S^a) (6) and Bn₂NP(4-XC₆H₄OMe)₂ (X = S, 7a; X = O, 7b) were converted to the rhodium and iridium complexes trans-[Rh(CO)Cl(L)₂] (L = 4, 6, 7), [RhCl(COD)(L)] (L = 4, 6, 7), [IrCl(COD)(7a)] and [IrCl₂Cp∗(6)]. For comparison, some phosphoramidite complexes of these formulations also were synthesized. The new metal complexes were spectroscopically analyzed. For the carbonyl complexes, the ν_CO IR stretching frequencies were lower than for the corresponding phosphite and phosphoramidite ligands. The ¹J_PRh coupling constants for the rhodium complexes with the new ligands were also smaller than for the respective phosphoramidite and phosphite complexes. Finally, the ¹J_PSe coupling constants of the selenides of the new ligands were lower than those of the phosphoramidite ligands but higher than for PPh₃. The spectroscopic data reveal that the new thio ligands 4, 6 and 7a are more electron donating than phosphites and phosphoramidites but less electron donating than PPh₃.     

Astrocytes and Synaptosomes Transport and Metabolize Lactate and Acetate Differently

Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transport is more rapid in astrocytes than in synaptosomes, but of lower affinity (Kms of 17 and 4 mM, respectively). Lactate (0.2 mM) is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in synaptosomes than in astrocytes (rates of 0.37 and 0.07 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). The reason for this is unclear, but cellular differences in lactate dehydrogenase isotype expression may be involved. Acetate is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in astrocytes than in synaptosomes (rates of 0.43 and 0.02 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). This is likely due to cellular differences in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes.     

白蚁与动物及微生物的共生类型及其机制

综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生（宾主共栖和异种共栖）、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌（原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌）和外生菌（蚁巢伞菌等）间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用（如纤维素酶）及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。     

Rapporteur report: Basics and technology and metrology and standards

The first and second sessions of the Workshop focussed on the basics of ultrasound and infrasound, their applications in both industry and medicine, and metrology and protection standards for ultrasound applications.     

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on strontium and barium bone content and fecal and urinary excretion

To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women, ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined to date. Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men.     

人血管能抑素基因的克隆、表达及其表达产物的纯化和生物活性测定

以人胎盘脐带组织为材料,提取组织总RNA,用netRTPCR方法合成人血管能抑素cDNA基因,将该cDNA克隆进pSP72载体获得重组质粒pSP72C, DNA序列分析结果与预期序列一致。用BamHⅠ和NdeⅠ双酶切,切下pSP72C上的血管能抑素cDNA,插入pET3c载体的相应位点获得重组表达质粒pETC, 转化E. coli BL21(DE3), SDSPAGE分析显示：在IPTG诱导下,血管能抑素基因获得了高效表达,表达量约占菌体总蛋白的 27.9 %,主要以包涵体形式存在。包涵体经过洗涤、裂解、蛋白复性以及Sephadex G75凝胶过滤层析等步骤后,获得了纯度达91.4 %的人血管能抑素。CAM实验证明10 μg纯化蛋白就能显著抑制鸡胚新生血管生成。     

Cytoskeleton and mitochondrial morphology and function

It has been well established that the cytoskeleton is an essential modulator of cell morphology and motility, intracytoplasmic transport and mitosis, however cytoskeletal linkage to the organelles has not been unequivocally demonstrated. Indeed, cytoskeleton appears to be essential in determining and modulating gene phenotype as a function of cellular environment. According to recent studies, the organization of the cytoskeleton network together with associated protein(s) could be essential in regulating mitochondrial function and particularly the permeability of the mitochondrial outer membrane to ADP. The aim of this chapter is to summarize the main properties of the cytoskeletal environment of mitochondria and the possible role(s) of this network in mitochondrial function in myocytes.     

Vascular volumes and hematology in male and female runners and cyclists

To examine the hypothesis that foot-strike hemolysis alters vascular volumes and selected hematological properties is trained athletes, we have measured total blood volume (TBV), red cell volume (RCV) and plasma volume (PV) in cyclists (n = 21) and runners (n = 17) and compared them to those of untrained controls (n = 20). TBV (ml x kg(-1)) was calculated as the sum of RCV (ml x kg(-1)) and PV (ml x kg(-1)) obtained using 51Cr and 125I-labelled albumin, respectively. Hematological assessment was carried out using a Coulter counter. Peak aerobic power (VO2peak) was measured during progressive exercise to fatigue using both cycle and treadmill ergometry. RCV was 15% higher (P < 0.05) in male cyclists [35.4 (1.0), mean (SE); n = 12] and runners [35.3 (0.98); n = 9] compared to the controls [30.7 (0.92); n = 12]. Similar differences existed between the female cyclists [28.2 (2.1); n = 9] and runners [28.4 (1.0); n = 8] compared to the untrained controls [24.9 (1.4); n = 8]. For the male athletes, PV was between 19% (cyclists) and 28% (runners) higher (P < 0.05) in the trained athletes compared to the untrained controls. The differences in PV between the female groups were not significant. Although the males had a higher (P < 0.05) TBV, RCV and PV than the females, no differences between cyclists and runners were found for either gender. Mean cell volume was not different between the athletic groups. VO2peak (ml x kg(-1) x min(-1)) was higher (P < 0.05) in both male [68.4 (1.5)] and female [54.8 (2.1)] runners when compared to the untrained males [47.1 (1.0)] and females [40.5 (2.1)]. Although differences existed between the genders in VO2peak for both cyclists and runners, no differences were found between the athletic groups within a gender. Since the vascular volumes were not different between cyclists and runners for either the males or females, foot-strike hemolysis would not appear to have an effect on that parameter. The significant correlations (P < 0.05) found between VO2peak and RCV (r = 0.64 and 0.64) and TBV (r = 0.82 and 0.63) for the males and females, respectively, suggests a role for the vascular system in realizing a high aerobic power.     

Microbial and bioconversion production of D-xylitol and its detection and application

D-Xylitol is found in low content as a natural constituent of many fruits and vegetables. It is a five-carbon sugar polyol and has been used as a food additive and sweetening agent to replace sucrose, especially for non-insulin dependent diabetics. It has multiple beneficial health effects, such as the prevention of dental caries, and acute otitis media. In industry, it has been produced by chemical reduction of D-xylose mainly from photosynthetic biomass hydrolysates. As an alternative method of chemical reduction, biosynthesis of D-xylitol has been focused on the metabolically engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida strains. In order to detect D-xylitol in the production processes, several detection methods have been established, such as gas chromatography (GC)-based methods, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-based methods, LC-MS methods, and capillary electrophoresis methods (CE). The advantages and disadvantages of these methods are compared in this review.