nC22矿物油及其与吡虫啉混用对柑橘木虱的室内毒力评价

【目的】室内评价nC22矿物油单独使用,以及与吡虫啉混用对柑橘木虱Diaphorina citri的毒力,并筛选nC22矿物油对吡虫啉防治柑橘木虱具有增效作用的混配比例,为矿物油防治柑橘木虱的应用提供科学依据。【方法】使用nC22矿物油以及阳性对照nC23和nC28矿物油,采用浸渍法和喷雾法分别检测矿物油对柑橘木虱卵和低龄若虫、高龄若虫、成虫的致死作用,以处理后第7天(卵)和第1天(若虫和成虫)的LC 50值评估毒力。将nC22矿物油与吡虫啉以不同配比混配,测定混配液对低龄若虫的毒力,使用交互测定法、共毒因子(co-toxicity factor,CTF)法和共毒系数(co-toxicity coefficient,CTC)法评价矿物油对吡虫啉的增效作用。【结果】单独使用时,nC22矿物油对卵的LC 50值低于nC23和nC28矿物油;对低龄若虫和高龄若虫的LC 50值与nC23矿物油相当,都低于nC28矿物油;对成虫的LC 50值与nC28矿物油相当,都低于nC23矿物油。与吡虫啉混用时,nC22矿物油与吡虫啉混配比例为3∶7,4∶6和7∶3时,矿物油对吡虫啉有增效作用:交互测定法中柑橘木虱低龄若虫的实际死亡率位于等效线的上方,CTF值分别为34.807,22.655和40.798,CTC值分别为187.410,183.876和222.936。3种混配液中7∶3的混配比例对吡虫啉的增效作用最强。【结论】nC22矿物油对柑橘木虱的毒力高于进口nC23矿物油及传统nC28矿物油,且以适当混配比例混用时nC22矿物油对吡虫啉具有显著增效作用,理论上可大幅减少化学杀虫剂的使用量,可进一步通过田间试验进行验证。     

丁硫克百威和阿维菌素对柑橘大实蝇成虫运动行为的亚致死效应

柑橘大实蝇 Bactrocera minax (Enderlein)是一种为害柑橘类果实的毁灭性害虫。评价亚致死浓度的丁硫克百威和阿维菌素对其成虫运动行为的影响,可为预防和控制该害虫提供理论基础。本文通过不同亚致死浓度的丁硫克百威和阿维菌素处理柑橘大实蝇成虫,并于药后1 h和6 h检测其起飞率、水平和垂直爬行距离。结果表明,与空白对照组（CK）相比,LC5 、LC10 丁硫克百威处理后1 h的雌、雄虫起飞率分别显著降低66.7%、50.0%、43.3%和40.0%;LC5 丁硫克百威处理的成虫垂直爬行距离也明显降低34.6%,而LC10丁硫克百威处理的成虫水平爬行距离却显著增加24.7%。与空白对照组（CK）相比,LC5 、LC10 、LC25 阿维菌素的处理后1 h的柑橘大实蝇雌、雄成虫起飞率分别显著降低33.3%、23.3%、23.3%、33.3%、53.3%和46.7%;LC5 和LC25 阿维菌素处理的成虫水平爬行距离分别明显降低24.2%和38.0%。LC10和LC25 阿维菌素处理的成虫垂直爬行距离也分别明显降低25.2%和84.4%。结果还表明,丁硫克百威和阿维菌素对柑橘大实蝇成虫的水平爬行能力、垂直爬行能力和起飞能力的亚致死效应与其浓度相关。丁硫克百威的亚致死浓度处理对柑橘大实蝇成虫水平爬行能力的影响存在性别差异,而阿维菌素的亚致死浓度处理对该成虫起飞能力和水平爬行能力的影响亦存在性别差异。此外,丁硫克百威和阿维菌素对柑橘大实蝇成虫水平爬行能力和垂直爬行能力的亚致死效应与药剂处理后时间长短相关。     

广东肇庆柑橘木虱田间种群对常用药剂的抗药性

室内采用浸叶法测定了柑橘木虱Diaphorina citri敏感种群与田间种群对广东常用药剂的敏感性,明确了柑橘木虱田间种群对阿维菌素、高效氯氰菊酯、吡虫啉、噻虫嗪、啶虫脒和甲维盐6种药剂的抗药性.柑橘木虱田间种群对70％吡虫啉水分散粒剂、20％啶虫脒可溶液剂、3％甲维盐微乳剂处于低水平抗药性,LC50抗性倍数分别为5.89倍、8.53倍和9.86倍;对25％噻虫嗪水分散粒剂、10％高效氯氰菊酯乳油、1.8％阿维菌素乳油仍具有较高的敏感性.田间防治柑橘木虱推荐不同作用机理的药剂交替使用,综合运用多种防控措施,以延缓柑橘木虱抗药性的产生.     

毒死蜱亚致死剂量对灰飞虱致害性和繁殖力的影响

为科学用药防治灰飞虱Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén)提供理论依据, 采用麦秆浸渍法测定毒死蜱对灰飞虱成虫的室内活性, 并用Parafilm小袋法和滤纸漏斗法测定毒死蜱亚致死剂量对灰飞虱蜜露排泄量、 虫体增重、 产卵量等指标的影响。Parafilm小袋法的测定结果表明, 经毒死蜱亚致死剂量（0.21 mg/L有效成分）处理的灰飞虱单雌蜜露分泌量和虫体增重分别比对照增加10.99%和22.22%, 但与对照相比无显著差异（P>0.05）; 单雌产卵量为79.6±26.4个, 比对照增加12.27%, 差异达到极显著水平（P<0.01）。滤纸漏斗法的测定结果表明, 处理过的灰飞虱雌成虫蜜露分泌面积为119.74±5.90 mm², 比对照增加13.06%, 差异达到显著水平（P<0.05）。毒死蜱亚致死剂量处理后对灰飞虱蜜露分泌量、 虫体增重和单雌产卵量均表现不同程度的促进作用, 说明毒死蜱亚致死剂量可能会导致灰飞虱致害性加剧。本研究结果对深入研究杀虫剂对灰飞虱种群的亚致死效应具有重要的参考价值。     

感染黄龙病菌亚洲柑橘木虱基因表达的转录组学分析

【目的】了解亚洲柑橘木虱Diaphorina citri Kuwayama与黄龙病菌Canditatus Liberibacter asiaticus的分子互作机制。【方法】利用转录组(RNA-Seq)方法分别对携带和未携带黄龙病菌的柑橘木虱成虫进行转录组测序,根据获得的转录信息分析木虱携带黄龙病菌后基因表达的差异。【结果】获得了1 502个差异表达的unigenes,在带菌木虱中上调和下调的基因分别有746和756个。共有1 099个unigenes比对上NCBI蛋白数据库并获得功能注释;852个被聚类到GO的三大功能中;931个被注释到KEGG的239个代谢通路中。根据差异表达基因的GO分析,木虱代谢过程和催化活性的相关基因明显上调。此外,筛选出53个免疫相关的unigenes中,28个与细胞免疫、25个与免疫信号路径相关,分别有64%和32%表达上调。【结论】黄龙病菌和媒介昆虫柑橘木虱存在互作关系,病菌入侵后可能通过代谢活动相关基因的上调和免疫相关基因的差异表达而影响木虱的代谢活动和免疫反应过程。     

大豆蚜对不同浓度吡虫啉药剂胁迫的适应性

【目的】本研究旨在探索大豆蚜对半致死浓度LC_(50)、亚致死浓度LC_(30)吡虫啉的适应性,掌握吡虫啉对大豆蚜种群在田间发生趋势、进化及分布的影响,从而指导田间精准施药,为保护生态环境和推动可持续农业发展提供新思路。【方法】采用浸渍法,用大豆蚜初孵若虫亚致死浓度LC_(30)及半致死浓度LC_(50)的吡虫啉胁迫大豆蚜初孵若虫,监测大豆蚜实验种群的生长发育特性和繁殖力变化趋势,组建种群生命表。另用4龄若虫亚致死浓度LC_(30)及半致死浓度LC_(50)的吡虫啉胁迫大豆蚜,分析连续5代大豆蚜对吡虫啉的抗性。【结果】受LC_(50)、LC_(30)吡虫啉药剂胁迫的大豆蚜种群的存活率均经历了急剧下降期、平缓下降期和次急速下降期3个时期,根据Deevey种群存活曲线两个处理均为凹曲线;日产蚜峰值出现顺序依次为:LC_(30)(处理组Ⅰ)、对照组、LC_(50)(处理组Ⅱ);受LC_(30)、LC_(50)和对照组吡虫啉药剂胁迫的大豆蚜世代平均历期的比值是0.929∶1.068∶1;净增值率(R_0)的比值是0.297∶0.141∶1;周限增长率(λ)的比值是0.892∶0.798∶1;倍增时间(T_d)的比值是1.4∶2.35∶1;吡虫啉药剂胁迫大豆蚜种群产生的抗性在第2-3代差异显著,分别为1.78倍和2.23倍;LC_(30)(处理组Ⅰ)吡虫啉药剂胁迫大豆蚜种群产生的抗性在第4-5代差异显著,分别为1.61倍和1.90倍。【结论】大豆蚜对不同浓度吡虫啉胁迫的适应性存在差异。应针对施药浓度、方法制定相应的防治方案,降低大豆蚜产生抗性风险。     

氯虫苯甲酰胺对非靶标害虫褐飞虱实验种群的亚致死效应

在稻田中,氯虫苯甲酰胺是以鳞翅目幼虫为主要防治对象的新型杀虫剂,而褐飞虱 是该药剂的重要非靶标害虫.本文采用稻茎浸渍法测定氯虫苯甲酰胺对其非靶标害虫褐飞虱3龄若虫和成虫的毒力.结果表明:氯虫苯甲酰胺对褐飞虱3龄若虫和成虫的LC50分别为26.85和35.53 mg·L-1;以氯虫苯甲酰胺亚致死浓度LC10和LC25分别处理褐飞虱3龄若虫后,对当代褐飞虱雌虫寿命无显著影响,但LC25剂量处理后,当代褐飞虱雌虫产卵量显著降低45.6粒.亚致死剂量处理褐飞虱3龄若虫后,显著影响F1代褐飞虱的产卵量和雌虫寿命,雌虫产卵量分别减少43.5和72.9粒,雌虫寿命分别缩短1.35和2.87 d;两个剂量处理后F1代的各虫态发育历期均有所延长;施药后各项种群参数也发生了变化,种群内禀增长率rm分别降低12.8％和23.5％,净增殖率R0分别降低37.4％和68.7％,而世代平均历期T和种群加倍时间t均延长.表明氯虫苯甲酰胺亚致死剂量对褐飞虱种群增长具有一定的抑制作用.     

烟粉虱MEAM1隐种磷脂氢谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶基因克隆与表达分析

【目的】本研究旨在从烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci中东-小亚细亚1隐种(Middle East-Asia Minor 1, MEAM1)中克隆磷脂氢谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase, PHGPX)基因,鉴定其在烟粉虱不同发育阶段及吡虫啉处理不同时间后雌成虫体内的表达情况,明确其在烟粉虱应对外界环境压力中的功能。【方法】利用3′RACE克隆和测定烟粉虱MEAM1隐种内PHGPX基因的cDNA全长序列,并对其编码的氨基酸序列进行生物信息学分析;利用定量RT-PCR技术对该基因在烟粉虱MEAM1隐种不同发育阶段及吡虫啉处理不同时间后雌成虫体内的表达量进行分析。【结果】获得了烟粉虱MEAM1隐种两个磷脂氢谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶基因的全长cDNA序列,分别命名为BtB-PHGPX1(GenBank登录号:KY312116)和BtB-PHGPX2(GenBank登录号:KY312117)。序列分析表明,BtB-PHGPX1基因开放阅读框全长732 bp,编码243个氨基酸;BtB-PHGPX2基因开放阅读框全长567 bp,编码188个氨基酸。序列比对结果表明两基因的编码蛋白内均具有谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶保守的半胱氨酸、谷氨酰胺和色氨酸残基位点。BtB-PHGPX1在烟粉虱MEAM1隐种卵内表达量显著高于其在若虫、伪蛹、雌成虫和雄成虫内的表达量,BtB-PHGPX2在烟粉虱MEAM1隐种卵内的表达量显著低于其在若虫、伪蛹和雌成虫内的表达量(P<0.05)。BtB-PHGPX1和BtB-PHGPX2在雌成虫内的表达量均显著高于雄成虫内。吡虫啉处理雌成虫2 h时两基因的表达量均较对照显著提高(P<0.05),处理后5, 10和24 h时其表达量均较对照显著下降(P<0.01)。【结论】本研究克隆了烟粉虱MEAM1隐种两个PHGPX基因的序列全长,明确了其在不同发育阶段及吡虫啉处理不同时间后雌成虫体内的差异表达,推测PHGPX在烟粉虱抵御环境压力及杀虫剂胁迫时可能发挥着重要的防御作用。     

宛氏拟青霉与球孢白僵菌对柑橘木虱的致病力分析

【目的】比较宛氏拟青霉WS-11和球孢白僵菌QB-28对柑橘木虱成虫的致病力,为生防制剂的田间应用提供理论支持。【方法】采用孢子悬浮液浸没法比较研究了2种真菌对柑橘木虱的致病力,并利用时间-剂量-死亡率模型估计了2种真菌对柑橘木虱的致死剂量与致死时间。【结果】宛氏拟青霉WS-11在孢子悬浮液浓度为1×108 spores/m L时,累计死亡率达到90.67%,球孢白僵菌QB-28则达到97.33%。时间-剂量-死亡率模型中Hosmer-Lemeshow方法拟合异质性检验表明模型拟合良好,在接种后9 d,宛氏拟青霉WS-11和球孢白僵菌QB-28对柑橘木虱的LC50分别为7.57×10~6 spores/m L和8.39×105 spores/m L;当孢子悬浮液浓度为1×108 spores/m L时,2种真菌对柑橘木虱的LT50分别为2.50 d和1.93 d。【结论】宛氏拟青霉WS-11和球孢白僵菌QB-28对柑橘木虱均有较好的致病力,具有较好的生防潜质,其中球孢白僵菌对柑橘木虱的致病力高于宛氏拟青霉,致死效率更高。     

Effects of Selected Chemical Pesticides on Agamermis unka (Nematoda: Mermithidae), a Parasite of the Brown Plant Hopper,Nilaparvata lugens

Selected commercial and technical grade pesticides were tested against the egg, preparasite and adult stages of Agamermis unka , a nematode parasite of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens . The commercial insecticide, diazinon (LC = 0.37 ppm), was most toxic to the 50 preparasites, followed by phenthoate (LC = 0.43 ppm), BPMC (LC = 0.44 ppm), IBP 50 50 (LC = 0.46 ppm), cartap hydrochloride (LC = 0.82 ppm) and buprofezin + isoprocarb 50 50 (LC = 1.11 ppm). The least toxic commercial pesticide tested was the fungicide, pencycuron 50 (LC = 2.19 ppm). Out of 12 technical grade insecticides tested, phenthoate, monocrotophos, 50 diazinon and carbofuran (LC = 0.37-0.46 ppm) were highly toxic to the preparasites, followed by 50 buprofezin, BPMC and fenitrothion (LC = 0.74-0.86 ppm). Fenthion, etofenprox, chlorpyrifos, 50 imidacloprid and MIPC (LC = 1.11-2.19 ppm) were the technical grade insecticides least toxic 50 to the preparasites. Most preparasites survived for up to 24 h at the low insecticide concentrations (0.63 and 0.31 ppm). Preparasites that were exposed to BPMC for 24 h at concentrations as high as 5.0 ppm and survived the treatments infected brown planthopper nymphs. Four selected insecticides-chlorpyrifos, BPMC, imidacloprid and carbofuran-had significant adverse effects on A. unka egg hatching. Eggs that were in the insecticide solution for 168 h fared poorly with imidacloprid having the best survival ( > 2% of the eggs hatching at 0.04 ppm). No eggs hatched from the other insecticide treatments. Three selected insecticides, BPMC, imidacloprid and chlorpyrifos, tested against adult A. unka showed that most adults survived the exposure to the insecticides between 0.31 and 2.5 ppm. At 5.0 ppm of BPMC or chlorpyrifos none of the adults survived, whereas with imidacloprid 70% of the adults survived. Egg deposition by the surviving adults was greatly reduced in those treated with the insecticides compared with those in the controls. Imidacloprid had some negative impact on the preparasites' ability to infect BPH nymphs, but it had the least detrimental effect of the insecticides tested on preparasite survival and on the eggs and adults of A. unka .     

Sublethal effects of chronic exposure to chlorpyrifos or imidacloprid insecticides or their binary mixtures on Culex pipiens mosquitoes

Mosquitoes represent one of the most significant threats to human and veterinary health throughout the world. Consequently, improving strategies for the control of mosquitoes is essential. In the present study, juvenile Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae), the common house mosquito, are chronically exposed to sublethal concentrations of chlorpyrifos (20% of LC₅₀) and imidacloprid (5% of LC₅₀), both separately and as a mixture. Developmental time, the emergence rate of adults and the expression of five selected genes involved in detoxification and resistance to pesticides are assessed. To assess the effects on oviposition choice, gravid females are forced to oviposit into cups containing water with added chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid or a mixture of both. The time required for the development of second‐ and third‐instar larvae is observed to differ significantly between treatments. Adults of C. pipiens fail to emerge from larvae hatched in both imidacloprid and the binary mixture. The expression of the four quantified detoxification genes differs significantly in third‐larval instars exposed to chlorpyrifos and/or imidacloprid compared with controls. Gravid females also fail to lay eggs on water to which either of the insecticides or the binary mixture is added, although they do lay eggs in cups containing water only. Chronic exposure to sublethal concentrations of chlorpyrifos or imidacloprid has significant adverse effects on development and thus the reproductive fitness of C. pipiens and, accordingly, could be used in the population control of these mosquitoes.     

山东省五个棉花产区绿盲蝽对药剂的敏感性检测（英文）

利用闪烁管药膜法测定了2009年山东省德州、滨州、梁山、曲阜和聊城5个棉花产区绿盲蝽Lygus lucorum Meyer-Dür对硫丹、马拉硫磷、毒死蜱、灭多威、丁硫克百威、吡虫啉、联苯菊酯和氟虫腈8种杀虫剂的敏感性,筛选出适合各地区的高效防治药剂。结果表明：5个地区绿盲蝽种群对马拉硫磷、毒死蜱、丁硫克百威、联苯菊酯和吡虫啉处于敏感性阶段。不同种群之间对灭多威、硫丹和氟虫腈的敏感性差异较大,其中聊城种群为最敏感种群,滨州种群对灭多威、 硫丹和氟虫腈的LC₅₀值分别为聊城种群的5.12,6.04和39.80倍;曲阜种群对灭多威、硫丹和氟虫腈的LC₅₀值分别为聊城种群的22.12,5.48和22.80倍。两种群对此3种药剂的敏感性下降,而其余种群仍处于较敏感阶段。8种药剂对绿盲蝽成虫的毒力按大小依次排序为：氟虫腈＞灭多威、联苯菊酯、硫丹＞马拉硫磷、毒死蜱＞丁硫克百威＞吡虫啉。2009年7-10月间德州夏津绿盲蝽种群对8种杀虫剂的敏感性变化极微。     

Simultaneous isolation of human kidney cathepsins B, H, L and C and their characterisation

A procedure for the simultaneous isolation of four cysteine proteinases, cathepsins B, H, L and C, from human kidney is described. The method includes concentration of the acidified homogenate by ammonium sulphate precipitation. The resuspended and dialysed precipitate was chromatographed on DEAE-cellulose DE-32, to allow separation of cathepsins H and C from cathepsins B and L. The main isoform of cathepsin H was separated from cathepsin C by cation-exchange chromatography on CM-Sephadex C-50. These two enzymes were further purified by covalent chromatography on thiopropyl Sepharose and gel permeation on Sephacryl S-200. The last step allowed separation of cathepsin C and the minor isoform of cathepsin H. Purification of the other two enzymes, cathepsins B and L, was carried out on thiol Sepharose, followed by chromatography on CM-Sepharose C-50. In this step, pure cathepsin L was obtained, while two isoforms of cathepsin B had to be finally purified on Sephacryl S-200 columns. The purity of each enzyme was analysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing on polyacrylamide gels and N-terminal sequencing. The activities of the purified cathepsins B, H and L were determined in terms of k_cat/K_M for three substrates, Z-Phe-Arg-MCA, Z-Arg-Arg-MCA and Arg-MCA. The method produced 25 mg of cathepsin B, 6.5 mg of cathepsin H, 1.5 mg of cathepsin L and 3.8 mg of cathepsin C from 3.5 kg of human kidney.     

Molecular cloning of rat precursor cathepsin H and the expression of five lysosomal cathepsins in normal tissues and in a rat carcinosarcoma

1. A rat cathepsin H cDNA was isolated from a rat liver cDNA library with synthetic oligonucleotide probes. 2. DNA sequence analysis indicated that it codes for rat preprocathepsin H. 3. Using this clone together with the cDNA for cathepsins B, D, L and S as probes, the expression of five major lysosomal proteinases was investigated in ten different normal rat tissues and in a rat carcinoma. 4. The common feature of their expression is that the five cathepsins have relatively high mRNA levels in lung and kidney, suggesting that they all play important roles in organs engaged in active protein metabolism. 5. In other tissues, the concentrations of the five cathepsin mRNAs are significantly different. This may indicate that their expressions are differentially regulated and that they may have specialized functions in specific tissues. 6. The cathepsin B mRNA level is at least 2.5-fold higher in the rat W256-carcinoma than in any of the normal rat tissues surveyed. 7. In contrast, the mRNA levels for the other four cathepsins show no comparable elevations. 8. This finding is consistent with previous observations reporting a correlation between cathepsins B expression and malignant tumors.     

Digestive proteases in bodies and faeces of the two-spotted spider mite,Tetranychus urticae

Digestive proteases of the phytophagous mite Tetranychus urticae have been characterised by comparing their activity in body and faecal extracts. Aspartyl, cathepsin B- and L-like and legumain activities were detected in both mite bodies and faeces, with a specific activity of aspartyl and cathepsin L-like proteases about 5- and 2-fold higher, respectively, in mite faeces than in bodies. In general, all these activities were maintained independently of the host plant where the mites were reared (bean, tomato or maize). Remarkably, this is the first report in a phytophagous mite of legumain-like activity, which was characterised for its ability to hydrolyse the specific substrate Z-VAN-AMC, its activation by DTT and inhibition by IAA but not by E-64. Gel free nanoLC–nanoESI-QTOF MS/MS proteomic analysis of mite faeces resulted in the identification of four cathepsins L and one aspartyl protease (from a total of the 29 cathepsins L, 27 cathepsins B, 19 legumains and two aspartyl protease genes identified the genome of this species). Gene expression analysis reveals that four cathepsins L and the aspartyl protease identified in the mite faeces, but also two cathepsins B and two legumains that were not detected in the faeces, were expressed at high levels in the spider mite feeding stages (larvae, nymphs and adults) relative to embryos. Taken together, these results indicate a digestive role for cysteine and aspartyl proteases in T. urticae. The expression of the cathepsins B and L, legumains and aspartyl protease genes analysed in our study increased in female adults after feeding on Arabidopsis plants over-expressing the HvCPI-6 cystatin, that specifically targets cathepsins B and L, or the CMe trypsin inhibitor that targets serine proteases. This unspecific response suggests that in addition to compensation for inhibitor-targeted enzymes, the increase in the expression of digestive proteases in T. urticae may act as a first barrier against ingested plant defensive proteins.     

亚致死浓度溴虫腈和毒死蜱对等钳蠊螨生长繁殖和解毒酶的影响

【目的】害虫综合治理中,化学防治对天敌资源也具有一定的杀伤力。为缓解这一矛盾,本研究旨在探究溴虫腈和毒死蜱亚致死浓度处理对等钳蠊螨Blattisocius dentriticus生长繁殖及解毒酶活性和基因表达量的影响。【方法】利用药膜法处理2-3日龄等钳蠊螨成螨24 h,测定溴虫腈和毒死蜱的亚致死剂量;测定和比较LC_(10)和LC_(30)剂量这两种药剂处理后F_0和F_1代的产卵量、产卵期、卵孵化率和雌成螨寿命等生物学特性的变化;通过酶活力分析和RT-PCR分别测定LC_(10), LC_(30)和LC_(50)剂量下这两种药剂处理后钳蠊螨成螨体内谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(glutathione S-transferase, GST)、细胞色素P450(cytochrome P450, CYP450)、羧酸酯酶(carboxylesterase,CarE)酶活力及其基因表达量变化。【结果】溴虫腈和毒死蜱处理24 h对等钳蠊螨成螨的LC_(50)分别为42.56 mg/L和72.42 mg/L。溴虫腈和毒死蜱LC_(10)和LC_(30)剂量处理等钳蠊螨雌成螨后,与对照(清水处理)相比,仅F_0代雌成螨寿命和产卵期显著缩短(P0.05),而产卵量和卵孵化率无明变化。酶活力测定结果发现,GST, CYP450和CarE的活力在溴虫腈和毒死蜱LC_(10)和LC_(30)剂量处理后无明显变化,而LC_(50)剂量下,上述3种酶的活力均显著增加(P0.05)。基因表达结果表明,溴虫腈LC_(10), LC_(30)和LC_(50)剂量处理下2个GST基因(BdGST3和BdGST6)、3个CYP450基因(BdCYP2-4)和5个CarE基因(BdCarE1-5)表达均显著上调;在毒死蜱这3个剂量处理下3个GST基因(BdGST1,BdGST3和BdGST4)、3个CYP450基因(BdCYP2,BdCYP5和BdCYP6)和2个CarE基因(BdCarE1和BdCarE2)表达量均显著上调。【结论】结果表明,LC_(10)和LC_(30)剂量的溴虫腈和毒死蜱亚致死剂量会抑制F_0代雌成螨的生长繁殖;LC_(10), LC_(30)和LC_(50)剂量下这两种药剂可诱导等钳蠊螨GST, CarE和CYP450基因表达;LC_(50)剂量能明显诱导等钳蠊螨体内GST, CarE和CYP450活性上升。该研究为等钳蠊螨抗性品系的筛选及田间应用提供了理论依据。