嗜热菌Anoxybacillu sp.产淀粉酶培养基优化及产酶条件研究

目的：对产淀粉酶嗜热菌Anoxybacillu sp.菌株进行培养基优化及产酶条件研究,以便提高菌株的产酶能力,并为下一步菌 株的诱变育种研究提供基础。方法：常规方法液体培养菌株,用平板初筛和DNS法复筛选择产淀粉酶能力较高的菌株;单因素筛 选培养基最适的碳源、氮源、Ca2+浓度和Mg2+浓度,对单因素筛选的最佳碳源、氮源、Ca2+和Mg2+的三个较佳浓度进行四因素三 水平正交试验优化培养基;对培养基不同pH值及不同培养温度进行培养条件研究。结果：产淀粉酶菌株筛选结果显示：六株菌中 淀粉酶酶活力值最大的是菌株Anoxybacillu sp.DL4,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。培养基单因素筛选结果显示：最适碳源为麦芽糖、最适氮源为 硝酸铵、最适Ca2+、Mg2+浓度均为0.02%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。培养基优化结果显示：C 源0.1 %,N源0.2 %,Mg2+ 0.04%, Ca2+ 0.04 %为最佳的培养基成分组合。产酶条件筛选结果显示：培养基pH 值为6、培养温度为55 ℃时菌株产酶水平最高,差异有 统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：培养基的优化及最适的产酶条件能提高嗜热菌Anoxybacillu sp.DL4 产淀粉酶能力,Ca2+、Mg2+离子 对菌株产淀粉酶有促进作用。     

里氏木霉GXC木聚糖酶的研究*

研究了里氏木霉GXC产木聚糖酶的条件和酶学性质。结果表明,适宜产酶碳源为乳糖、甘露糖、棉子糖、木聚糖和麸皮,氮源为牛肉膏和酵母膏;产酶的最适初始pH为4.0,30℃培养60h。对以麸皮为碳源的培养液进行纯化的酶特性研究表明,木聚糖酶的最适反应温度为50℃,pH为5.5,该酶在pH5.0(7.0和40℃以下相对稳定。Fe3+和Mn2+对木聚糖酶有较大的促进作用,Cu～2+、Fe～2+和Ca～2+ 具有抑制作用。     

里氏木霉GXC木聚糖酶的研究

研究了里氏木霉GXC产木聚糖酶的条件和酶学性质。结果表明,适宜产酶碳源为乳糖、甘露糖、棉子糖、木聚糖和麸皮,氮源为牛肉膏和酵母膏;产酶的最适初始pH为4.0,30℃培养60h。对以麸皮为碳源的培养液进行纯化的酶特性研究表明,木聚糖酶的最适反应温度为50℃,pH为5.5,该酶在pH5.0(7.0和40℃以下相对稳定。Fe3+和Mn2+对木聚糖酶有较大的促进作用,Cu～2+、Fe～2+和Ca～2+ 具有抑制作用。     

柑桔全爪螨高致病力菌株芽枝状枝孢霉的生物学特性研究

【目的】明确柑桔全爪螨Panonychus citri(Mc Gregor)高致病力菌株芽枝状枝孢霉Cladosporium cladosporioides(CQBBW3)的生物学特性。【方法】通过单因素试验,测试了不同培养基、碳源、氮源、温度及pH对CQBBW3菌株生长和产孢的影响。【结果】CQBBW3菌株的LC50为4.66×108个孢子/m L,LT50为6.2353 d。最佳生长培养基是淀粉琼脂培养基,最适产孢培养基为察氏培养基;菌丝生长最适碳源和氮源为甘露醇和甘氨酸,产孢最适碳源和氮源为乳糖和赖氨酸;最适生长温度为25℃,最适产孢温度为15℃和30℃;最适生长pH值为6.0~8.0,最适产孢pH值7.0。【结论】CQBBW3菌株对柑桔全爪螨有较好的杀虫活性,喜好25℃、中性、富含有机营养的环境。本研究为菌株快速培养及其真菌杀虫制剂的开发与田间应用奠定基础。     

高酶活菌株的筛选及漆酶特性

通过Bavendamn氏反应和液体发酵实验筛选出漆酶高产菌株 ,并对其产酶条件和酶活性进行了研究。结果表明 71株实验真菌中有 64株Bavendamn氏反应呈阳性 ,且阳性菌株都具有漆酶活性 ;不同菌株产酶培养基最适碳源、氮源不同 ,采绒革盖菌以淀粉为碳源、干酪素为氮源 ,毛栓菌以麦草粉为碳源、硫酸铵为氮源 ,有利于酶的分泌 ;不同来源漆酶性质不尽相同 ,采绒革盖菌漆酶最适酶解温度为 2 5℃ ,最适酶解pH值为4.6,毛栓菌则分别为 3 0℃和 pH 4.0 ;K+ ,Zn2 + 等对 2种漆酶均有激活作用 ,Ag+ 则能明显抑制漆酶活性。     

竹黄菌液体培养下产竹红菌素的研究

先对不同产地采集的竹黄菌进行筛选,得到优产竹红菌素的菌株,然后采用单因子和3因素3水平正交试验法对竹红菌素液体发酵条件进行优化,在优化培养基的基础上,选用不同浓度的Cr3+、Fe3+、Cu2+和Ca2+对竹红菌素进行离子调控研究。结果表明:从休宁所采集的菌株不仅生长速度最快,发酵所产的竹红菌素含量也最高;竹红菌素最佳发酵碳源是葡萄糖,最佳发酵氮源是硝酸钠,最佳培养基组合为2%葡萄糖,0.2%硝酸钠,pH7.5;Cr3+和Fe3+浓度为0.005%时竹红菌素含量均最高;0.05%的Ca2+最有利于竹红菌素的分泌;Cu2+为0.03%时竹红菌素含量达到最大值。     

Study on fermentation hypocrellin by Shiraia bambusicola in submerged cultures

先对不同产地采集的竹黄菌进行筛选,得到优产竹红菌素的菌株,然后采用单因子和3因素3水平正交试验法对竹红菌素液体发酵条件进行优化,在优化培养基的基础上,选用不同浓度的Cr3+、Fe3+、Cu2+和Ca2+对竹红菌素进行离子调控研究.结果表明:从休宁所采集的菌株不仅生长速度最快,发酵所产的竹红菌素含量也最高;竹红菌素最佳发酵碳源是葡萄糖,最佳发酵氮源是硝酸钠,最佳培养基组合为2%葡萄糖,0.2%硝酸钠,pH7.5;Cr3+和Fe3+浓度为0.005%时竹红菌素含量均最高;0.05%的Ca2+最有利于竹红菌素的分泌;Cu2+为0.03%时竹红菌素含量达到最大值.     

芽孢杆菌E2菌株纤维素酶形成条件的研究

芽孢杆菌E,菌株(Bacillus sp.strain E2)能在55℃下良好生长并在培养液中大量积累胞外纤维素酶(190 mu／ml培养液),所产生的纤维素酶为单一的CMCa se。对芽孢杆茁E2菌株产酶条件进行了研究． 该菌产酶的最适培养基装量为200ml/500mI三角瓶,最适起始pH为6 5,最适产酶温度为45℃,产酶高峰在培养时间8—12小时。E2菌株不能利用单一的无机氮源形成纤维素酶。酪蛋白是试验过的供E2菌株形成纤维素酶的最好氮源,其用量为3g／L。CMC—Na,纤维二糖,能作为碳源供芽孢杆菌E2菌株形成纤维素酶。高浓度的葡萄糖(8g／L)对芽孢杆菌E2菌株纤维素酶的形成有抑制作用。天然纤维素不能作为芽孢杆菌E2菌株形成纤维素酶的碳源。     

毛栓菌(Tramets trogii)液体培养产漆酶的研究

实验研究了碳源、氮源和综合因素对毛栓菌(Tramets trogii)液体培养产漆酶和生长情况的影响。碳源为玉米面、氮源为豆饼粉时,菌株的产漆酶酶活最高;碳源为可溶性淀粉,氮源为麦麸时,对菌株的生长有利;在液体条件下,菌株产漆酶的最佳培养基组成为玉米面3.5%,豆饼粉4.0%,KH2PO40.3%,MgSO40.15%,VB10.04%。     

一株产低温β-半乳糖苷酶微杆菌的筛选鉴定、产酶条件及其酶学特性

【背景】低温β-半乳糖苷酶能在低温下仍保持较高的乳糖水解活性,筛选酶学特性适合在牛乳体系中高效水解乳糖的β-半乳糖苷酶生产菌株,是低乳糖牛乳加工产业关注的焦点。【目的】对天山中国一号冰川沉积物中分离的一株产低温β-半乳糖苷酶菌株的产酶条件和酶学特性进行研究。【方法】结合X-Gal平板法初筛和测定粗酶液酶活复筛,获得产低温β-半乳糖苷酶的菌株。通过形态学、生理生化试验及16S rRNA基因测序分析对筛选菌株进行鉴定,单因素摇瓶实验优化菌株的产酶条件,硫酸铵分级沉淀初步纯化β-半乳糖苷酶并对其酶学特性进行分析。【结果】通过形态学、生理生化特征和16S rRNA基因鉴定,确定菌株LW106为微杆菌属(Microbacterium)菌株;该菌株最适产酶温度为25°C,最佳产酶碳源为可溶性淀粉,培养基初始pH为7.0,接种量为3%;对初步纯化的低温β-半乳糖苷酶酶学性质的研究表明,LW106所产β-半乳糖苷酶的最适pH为6.0,最适反应温度为35°C,4°C时酶活为最大酶活的78%,4°C和pH 7.0时的稳定性最好,10 mmol/L的Na+对酶活性基本没有抑制作用,Ca~(2+)对酶活性具有一定的激活作用。【结论】菌株LW106所产低温β-半乳糖苷酶的酶学特性表明该酶在乳品低温加工领域具有进一步研究和应用的价值。     

溶剂稳定性蛋白酶产生菌Bacillus licheniformis YP1的发酵优化

溶剂稳定性蛋白酶产生菌Bacillus licheniformis YP1分离自油田土样。考察了碳源、氮源、金属离子等营养因素对YP1菌株发酵产溶剂稳定性蛋白酶的影响。YP1菌株发酵产胞外蛋白酶的最佳碳源为淀粉,果糖、甘露糖和乳糖显著抑制产酶;最佳氮源为酵母膏,干酪素、酵母粉和牛肉膏促进产酶,玉米浆和尿素显著抑制产酶。Mn^2＋可以显著促进酶活,Mg^2＋可以促进产酶,在初步优化的培养条件下,YP1菌株的胞外蛋白酶产量达980U。     

Carbon Source Requirements for Exopolysaccharide Production by Lactobacillus casei CG11 and Partial Structure Analysis of the Polymer

Exopolysaccharide production by Lactobacillus casei CG11 was studied in basal minimum medium containing various carbon sources (galactose, glucose, lactose, sucrose, maltose, melibiose) at concentrations of 2, 5, 10, and 20 g/liter. L. casei CG11 produced exopolysaccharides in basal minimum medium containing each of the sugars tested; lactose and galactose were the poorest carbon sources, and glucose was by far the most efficient carbon source. Sugar concentrations had a marked effect on polymer yield. Plasmid-cured Muc^- derivatives grew better in the presence of glucose and attained slightly higher populations than the wild-type strain. The values obtained with lactose were considerably lower for both growth and exopolysaccharide yield. The level of specific polymer production per cell obtained with glucose was distinctively lower for Muc^- derivatives than for the Muc⁺ strain. The polymer produced by L. casei CG11 in the presence of glucose was different from that formed in the presence of lactose. The polysaccharide produced by L. casei CG11 in basal minimum medium containing 20 g of glucose per liter had an intrinsic viscosity of 1.13 dl/g. It was rich in glucose (76%), which was present mostly as 2- or 3-linked residues along with some 2,3 doubly substituted glucose units, and in rhamnose (21%), which was present as 2-linked or terminal rhamnose; traces of mannose and galactose were also present.     

Effect of nitrogen and sucrose on the primary and secondary metabolism of transformed root cultures of Hyoscyamus muticus

Abatract The effect of carbon and nitrogen sources on two well-established hairy root clones, LBA1S and C58A, of Hyoscyamus muticus strain Cairo, were investigated. Both clones exhibited completely different patterns with regards to their growth rate, hyoscyamine accumulation, and fatty acid contents. Clone C58A grew faster and yielded more biomass (17.4 g l^-1, in 21 days), but produced less hyoscyamine. The maximum hyoscyamine content (120 mg l^-1) in clone LBA1S was reached in 28 days. Neither of the clones could use lactose or fructose as the sole carbon source, nor ammonium as the sole nitrogen source. The growth in the medium containing glucose was significantly reduced compared to that containing sucrose. Clone LBA1S was sensitive to the changes in sucrose concentration and an increase in ammonium in the culture medium, whereas C58A tolerated these changes better but was more sensitive to the increase in total nitrogen. Lipid synthesis was active in the exponential growth phase, and the total fatty acid content varied from 5 to 34 mg g^-1 of dry root material. The major fatty acids were linoleic, palmitic and linolenic. There were considerable differences in the total amount of lipids and in their relative ratios when different nutrients were applied.Abbreviations DW dry weight - FA fatty acids - FFA free fatty acids - FW fresh weight     

嗜热菌Anoxybacillus sp．DL3产蛋白酶条件及其酶学性质研究

目的：对Anoxybacillussp．DL3的产蛋白酶条件及其酶学性质进行研究,为下一步进行蛋白酶基因的克隆、表达提供依据。方法：应用常规方法液体培养细菌,研究温度、pH、培养基中碳源、氮源对菌株产蛋白酶的影响,硫酸铵盐析的方法提取酶液,并采用Folin法测酶活性。用紫外分光光度计在OD680hi／1测吸光值。并对提取的蛋白酶液进行酶的最适温度、pH以及酶的热稳定性和pH稳定性研究,向酶液中添加金属离子和EDTA、PMSF,研究其对酶活性的影响。结果：在培养基初始pH是6．5,培养温度为40℃时菌株产酶酶活性最大;培养基中以乳糖为碳源,酵母膏和硫酸铵为氮源,碳源与氮源的比例为1：2时,酶活最大。酶学性质研究结果显示：该酶的最适反应温度是55℃,最适反应pH是7．0;在50℃保温20min-80min内,酶活力下降幅度较小。60℃保温60min后,仍保持约60％的酶活。70℃保温60min后,残余酶活为30％。该酶在pH为6．0～8．0范围内,相对酶活差别不是很大,下降趋势大致相同。在强碱条件下,相对酶活下降很明显。Fe2＋、Cu2＋和Hg2＋对酶活性有明显的抑制作用;Ca2＋、Mg^2＋、Mn2＋等金属离子对酶活性有明显的促进作用;乙二胺四乙酸（EDTA）和苯甲基磺酰氟（PMSF）对酶活性也有一定抑制作用。结论：Anoxybacillussp．DL3所产的蛋白酶为嗜热中性蛋白酶,此酶具有较好的热稳定性和pH耐受性,该菌株具有进一步开发、利用的价值。     

产粉红色素红曲霉M4菌株发酵培养基的优化

利用响应面法对红曲霉M4产粉红色红曲色素的发酵培养基进行了优化。研究了不同碳源、氮源对红曲霉M4产色素的影响,利用Central composite试验设计对碳源、氮源浓度进行了试验,得到红曲色素优化培养基回归方程为Y=31.80001+12.02669X1+0.698225X2-12.33755X12+1.75X1X2-0.337496X22经分析,确定出红曲色素的最佳发酵培养基碳、氮源浓度为:红薯粉10.37%,大豆蛋白0.85%,发酵后红曲色素最高色价为每毫升41 u。     

Nutritional requirements ofLysobacter lactamgenus for the production of cephabacins

Summary To optimize the fermentation medium for the production of new cephem compounds, cephabacins, by an eubacteriaLysobacter lactamgenus IFO 14,288, the effects of medium components on cephabacin production were investigated. Supplementation of glucose as a sole carbon source in liquid media was the best for the antibiotic production as well as for the cell growth. Casamino acid was the best nitrogen source for antibiotic biosynthesis and cell growth among nitrogen sources tested, and this strain could utilize sulfate or thiosulfate as a sulfur source. No significant effects of growth factors (vitamins) on the antibiotic production and cell growth were observed, but ferrous, magnesium and nickel ions slightly enhanced the cephabacin production.     

少动鞘脂单胞菌产结冷胶发酵培养基的响应面法优化

通过单因素试验分析不同碳源、氮源、无机盐对（Sphingomonas paucimobilisFJAT-5627）产胶量的影响,确定最适碳源、氮源、无机盐,并在单因素筛选试验的基础上,利用Box-Benhnken设计和响应面分析法对碳源、氮源和无机盐进行优化,得到少动鞘脂单胞菌产生结冷肢发酵培养基最佳优化组合.实验结果表明,少动鞘脂单胞菌产胶量发酵最适碳源、氮源和无机盐分别为淀粉、豆饼粉和KH₂PO₄.响应面法得到产胶量（Y）与碳源淀粉（x₁）、氮源豆饼粉（x₂）和无机盐KH₂PO₄（x₃）的回归方程为:Y=13.87+0.54x₁+0.22x₂-0.42x₃-3.26x₁²-1.85x₂²-1.51x₃²+0.053x₁x₂+0.067x₁x₃+0.4x₂x₃.优化培养基组合为:淀粉浓度为30g/L,豆饼粉浓度为5 g/L,KH₂PO₄的浓度为0.7g/L,且此组合下少动鞘脂假单胞发酵得到结冷胶可达23.87g/L.     

An organic solvent-tolerant protease from Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain K: Nutritional factors affecting protease production

An organic solvent-tolerant bacterium producing an organic solvent-stable protease was isolated from soil and identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain K. Nutritional requirements for optimized protease production by this strain were investigated. Maximum protease activity was achieved with sorbitol as the sole carbon source, followed by starch and lactose at pH 7.0 and 37 °C. Dextrose, sucrose and glycerol greatly reduced the protease production. The best organic nitrogen source was casamino acid. Tryptone, soytone and yeast extract supported protease production while corn steep liquor and beef extract inhibited the protease activity. Significant protease production was observed with sodium nitrate as a sole nitrogen source however, ammonium nitrate completely inhibit it. More than 62% drop in production occurred in the presence of amino acids. Addition of metal ions such as K⁺, Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺ maximized the enzyme production.     

Catabolite repression in Streptomyces venezuelae. Induction of beta-galactosidase, chloramphenicol production, and intracellular cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate concentrations

Chloramphenicol production was studied in cultures of Streptomyces venezuelae growing in a simple buffered medium with ammonia as the nitrogen source and glucose, lactose, or a glucose-lactose mixture as the sole source of carbon. With each carbon source the antibiotic was formed during growth. In the glucose-lactose medium, the production pattern was biphasic; a marked decrease in the rate of synthesis was associated with depletion of glucose from the medium and a corresponding diauxie pause in growth. Cells of S. venezuelae contained an inducible beta-galactosidase. Induction by lactose was suppressed by glucose. Measurement of the concentration of intracellular adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate during growth of cultures with glucose or a glucose-lactose mixture as the source of carbon showed no appreciable changes coinciding with depletion of glucose or the onset of chloramphenicol biosynthesis. It is concluded that the cyclic nucleotide does not mediate selective nutrient utilization or control antibiotic biosynthesis in this organism.     

Microbial synthesis of cis,cis-muconic acid by Sphingobacterium sp. GCG generated from effluent of a styrene monomer (SM) production plant

Sphingobacterium sp. GCG was isolated from the sewage of a styrene monomer manufacturing factory in Taiwan. This bacterium could utilize benzoic acid to synthesize cis,cis-muconic acid. Production of cis,cis-muconic acid by Sphingobacterium sp. strain is growth-associated. It was found that the strain through the BS-type (benzoic acid/succinic acid) culture medium with succinic acid as a growth carbon source exhibits better growth rate than the other mediums. It was also found that glutamate used as a nitrogen source could optimize the production of cis,cis-muconic acid. In addition, an increment of ca. 75–100% of cis,cis-muconic acid could be obtained by adding EDTA–FeCl₃ complex solution, since the enzyme catA, a necessary oxygenase to convert catechol to cis,cis-muconic acid, consists of 2 Fe(III) ions as the cofactor. On the other hand, a five-fold increase in the yield of cis,cis-muconic acid was observed when proceeded under fed-batch culture.