猪链球菌2型Dbp缺失株的构建及特性分析

【目的】通过构建DNA结合膜蛋白(DNA-binding membrance protein,Dbp)基因的缺失株,探究Dbp基因对猪链球菌2型强毒株毒力的影响。【方法】通过PCR检测Dbp基因的分布。利用同源重组原理构建Dbp基因上下游片段的重组质粒,将构建好的质粒电转入ZY05719感受态细胞中,筛选Dbp缺失突变株,通过PCR及测序分析对其进行验证。生物学特性分析比较缺失株?Dbp和野毒株ZY05719在生长速率、形态特征、毒力等方面的差异。【结果】Dbp基因为猪链球菌2型强毒株中相对保守基因,构建了Dbp基因缺失株?Dbp。体外实验结果显示Dbp基因缺失株的生长速率在对数期减慢,并且缺失株?Dbp的荚膜同野毒株存在显著差异,斑马鱼实验结果表明缺失株?Dbp毒力下降。【结论】Dbp与猪链球菌2型的毒力相关,在猪链球菌2型的致病过程中起一定的作用,这丰富了对该菌致病机理的认识。     

猪链球菌2型溶血素基因与38KDa蛋白基因克隆及联合表达

目的:研究有效的猪链球菌病疫苗。方法:以四川株猪链球菌2型基因组DNA为模板分别扩增溶血素基因和38KDa基因主要功能区基因;并经连接、克隆及酶切鉴定。分别构建原核表达载体pET32a-Sly、pET32a-38KDa,提取阳性克隆质粒分别进行双酶切并纯化,通过PCR串联两片断,将目的片断定向克隆到表达载体pET32a中,经测序正确后,重组质粒转化入大肠杆菌BL21 (DE3),用IPTG进行诱导表达。结果:重组菌菌体裂解物经SDS-PAGE电泳可检测到相对分子量约为60Ku的重组蛋白,表达产物经纯化后,免疫印迹法(Western-blotting)证实该重组蛋白可以与SS2阳性血清发生特异性反应。结论:本研究为重组蛋白的免疫保护应用奠定基础。     

肺炎链球菌自溶素和溶血素基因的PCR法鉴定

肺炎链球菌是一种致病率和致死率很高的病原菌 ,若无丰富临床检测经验从临床标准中分离鉴定此菌较困难 ,本实验以寡核苷酸引物YH1 YH2、YH7 YH8分别扩增肺炎链球菌自溶素和溶血素基因的 35 4bp和 30 7bp的DNA片段 ,通过改变各种反应条件 ,建立了这两种病原因子基因的PCR检测方法。用此方法对 2 0株肺炎链球菌标准菌株及 7株对照菌株进行了鉴定 ;其扩增产物分别经限制性内切酶TthHB81和和AccI进行酶切以确认扩增产物是否正确 ;用酚 氯仿抽提纯化的全细胞DNA对PCR方法的检测灵敏度进行了测定 ;并利用此方法对 2 8份临床标本分离物进行了鉴定。结果　所有 2 0株肺炎链球菌均可分别用引物YH1 YH2、YH7 YH8扩增出 35 4bp和 30 7bp的DNA片段 ,而对照菌株均呈阴性 ;自溶素及溶血素基因的扩增产物分别经限制性内切酶TthHB81和AccI消化后产生的片段和预期的完全一致 ;两对产物均可从 10fg的全细胞DNA中扩增出目的DNA片段。所建立的两套PCR系统对 2 8份临床标本分离物进行鉴定 ,其中PCR阳性的 15份分离物经生化学特性检查被鉴定为肺炎链球菌。本试验所建立的两套PCR检测系统具有特异性强 ,灵敏度高及操作简单等优点 ,均可用于肺炎链球菌的鉴定。     

体内表达新基因trag在猪链球菌的分布及其免疫反应性分析

【目的】trag(transfer gene G)是利用IVIAT(in vivo induced antigen technology)通量筛选鉴定的猪链球菌2型（Streptococcus suis type 2,SS2）感染相关因子,研究该基因在猪链球菌（Streptococcus suis,SS）中的分布情况,研究康复血清与免疫血清在免疫印迹中的反应性有无,间接证明其在体内感染与体外培养时表达差异。【方法】鉴于我国分离株trag与GenBank公布的SS2北美株89/1591的trag序列有95.8%的同源性,据此设计和合成一对检测引物,对SS2我国江苏及四川流行株、其他临床分离株和参考株及SS1、SS1/2、SS9、SS7及C群猪源链球菌共43株进行PCR扩增。另设计一对引物,扩增5株SS代表菌株trag的完整阅读框,并对扩增产物进行测序。据软件分析后,选择TRAG(Transfer protein G?)免疫原性良好的区域片段的核酸设计表达引物,PCR扩增后定向克隆至表达载体pET28a(+)构建表达质粒,表达蛋白转印到PVDF膜上,分别与SS2猪康复血清和猪高免血清反应。【结果】trag在SS2中94%(30/32)阳性,SS9中67%(4/6)阳性,SS7阳性,SS1、SS1/2及C群菌阴性。5株细菌TRAG的氨基酸序列与SS2中国株98HAH33、05ZYH33及北美株89/1591同源性>97%。所获得重组蛋白只能被康复血清识别。【结论】从SS 致病株中检出感染相关基因trag,提示该基因可能与SS 致病性有关,重组蛋白的免疫转印结果表明,TRAG可能与SS2体内感染相关。     

猪链球菌国内分离株精氨酸脱亚氨酶的克隆表达及其活性分析

根据GenBank上精氨酸脱亚氨酶(arginine deiminase,AD)序列AF546864,设计并合成一对引物,用PCR检测29株猪链球菌和7株马链球菌兽疫亚种的ad基因,发现29株猪链球菌均能检出此基因,而7株马链球菌兽疫亚种均未检出。扩增出的猪链球菌2型(SS2)强毒株HA9801的ad基因片段,定向克隆至pBAD/Myc-HisC严紧型质粒并转化TOP10。阳性重组菌经L-阿拉伯糖诱导,表达出分子量约47000Da的重组蛋白。经镍柱亲和层析,获得纯化的重组酶。活性分析显示,该酶具有巯基酶和金属酶的特征,其最适反应温度为37℃,最适pH值为6.5。Western blot分析显示,该酶能与SS2-HA9801全菌制备的兔抗血清发生特异性反应,表明其具有一定的免疫原性。检测该酶有助于进一步分析猪链球菌可能的毒力因子。     

溶原性噬菌体在猪链球菌2型分离株中的检出和鉴定

[目的]为了研究噬菌体整合酶基因在猪链球菌2型(Streptococcus suis type 2,SS2)中的分布情况.[方法]根据噬菌体整合酶基因设计引物,建立了PCR方法,并对扩增产物进行测序.[结果]结果显示,25株SS2致病菌株均扩增出目的片段,非毒力株T15、5株其它血清型猪链球菌及兰氏C群猪源链球菌未扩增出目的片段.经丝裂霉素C诱导后,SS2致病菌株出现完全的细胞溶解,而非毒力株T15未出现溶解.SS2致病株HA9801和ZY05719诱导均产生溶原性噬菌体,分别命名为SS2-HA和SS2-ZY,电镜观察,二者均头部呈正六边形,无尾部,其核酸类型为dsDNA,可鉴定为复层噬菌体科(Tectiviridae)的成员.噬菌体SS2-HA和SS2-ZY整合酶基因序列与已报道的SS2噬菌体整合酶基因序列高度同源,显示SS2噬菌体整合酶具有较高的特异性.[结论]从SS2致病株中检出溶原性噬菌体和噬菌体整合酶基因,且噬菌体整合酶基因与SS2溶菌酶释放蛋白(mrp)等7种毒力相关基因有相关性,表明SS2的溶原性噬菌体可能与其致病性有关.     

猪链球菌2型溶血素基因的表达及其免疫原性

【背景】猪链球菌(Streptococcus suis,SS)是一种重要的人兽共患病原菌,有35种血清型,其中以猪链球菌2型(SS2)危害最为严重。研究发现,各种血清型SS分泌的溶血素(Suilysin,SLY)可能具有较好的免疫保护作用,因此,SLY作为SS基因工程亚单位疫苗的成分具有较大优势。【目的】获得SS2安徽强毒株(AH10-8株)溶血素基因(sly)的表达产物,并对其免疫原性进行测定分析。【方法】根据GenBank数据库中登录号为DQ443533.1的全长sly序列,设计合成一对分别带有Bam HI、XhoI酶切位点的特异性引物,利用PCR从AH10-8株中扩增sly基因,构建pET-30a-sly原核表达重组质粒,将重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中,进行IPTG诱导表达和His-Tag镍柱纯化蛋白,SDS-PAGE检测SLY,Western blotting鉴定SLY的反应原性;利用昆明鼠和斑马鱼进行SLY免疫攻毒保护试验,间接ELISA方法检测昆明鼠血清IgG抗体效价,观察比较病理组织变化及其免疫保护率。【结果】重组质粒pET-30a-sly在大肠杆菌中实现高效表达,获得大小为60kD的目的蛋白,与预期大小的SLY分子质量一致,能与SS2阳性血清发生特异性反应。SLY和AH10-8株灭活全菌体3次免疫昆明鼠后的血清IgG抗体效价分别为1:6 400、1:204 800 (以AH10-8株全菌体的超声裂解物为包被抗原)和1:102 400、1:51 200 (以SLY为包被抗原);SLY和AH10-8株灭活全菌体对昆明鼠和斑马鱼的免疫保护率分别为40%、80%和84%、92%;病理组织变化与攻毒对照组之间差异明显。【结论】成功表达的SLY具有良好的反应原性和免疫原性,可诱导机体产生保护性免疫反应,有望成为研制SS2新型疫苗的候选成分。     

猪链球菌2型Ⅳ型分泌系统组分VirD4与毒力相关性分析

摘要:【目的】构建猪链球菌2型强毒株05ZYH33毒力岛89 K上的Ⅳ型分泌系统组分VirD4敲除突变株,初步分析其活性和毒力,为进一步研究猪链球菌2 型在逃避宿主天然免疫杀伤中的作用提供基础。【方法】以05ZYH33基因组为模板,PCR扩增VirD4基因上下游同源臂,以穿梭质粒pSET1为模板,PCR扩增氯霉素抗性基因Cm,通过重叠PCR技术搭建上述3个片段并连接至温敏载体pSET4s,构建基因敲除载体pSET4s∷VirD4;通过同源重组构建基因敲除突变株ΔVirD4;通过体外全血杀伤实验、CD1小鼠竞争感染及攻毒实验 对突变株和野生株的毒力进行比较分析。【结果】获得了基因敲除突变株ΔVirD4,通过对比发现其毒力与野生株相比有所降低。【结论】猪链球菌2型Ⅳ型分泌系统组分VirD 与其毒力相关,并在早期抵抗天然免疫细胞杀伤中发挥一定作用。     

2型猪链球菌gene0969基因敲除突变体的构建及毒力分析

目的:构建2型猪链球菌强毒株05ZYH33毒力岛89K上的Ⅳ型分泌系统组分gene0969敲除突变体,初步分析其活性,为进一步研究猪链球菌假想毒力因子在致病中的作用提供实验基础。方法:以05ZYH33基因组为模板,PCR扩增gene0969基因的上下游片段;以穿梭质粒pSET1为模板,PCR扩增氯霉素抗性基因Cm;采用重叠PCR方法搭建3个片段,并克隆到自杀载体pSET4s上,构建基因敲除载体,通过同源重组构建gene0969突变体,再用小鼠感染模型对突变株和野生株的毒力进行比较。结果:获得了gene0969基因敲除突变体,并发现其毒力与野生型相比有下降趋势。结论:2型猪链球菌假想毒力因子gene0969可能与毒力有关,其作用和机制值得进一步分析。     

猪链球菌2型强毒株sly基因敲除株构建及生物学特征分析北大核心

[目的]构建猪链球菌2型05ZYH33溶血素sly基因敲除突变株,比较突变株与野生株生物学特征。[方法]分别克隆sly上游序列L、下游序列R和壮观霉素抗性基因spcr,构建基因敲除质粒p UC18-LSR,并电转化入05ZYH33感受态细菌。用多重PCR、RT-PCR及Southern杂交对sly基因敲除突变株进行鉴定。比较突变株与野生株的生长速率和溶血现象。[结果]多重PCR和RT-PCR分别显示,野生株DNA和c DNA都能扩增出579 bp的sly内部片段,而突变株DNA和c DNA都未能扩增出此片段。Southern杂交显示,突变株中未见sly探针杂交条带。突变株生长速率较野毒株迟缓,溶血能力减弱,但依然存在。[结论]建立了高效稳定的电转化方法,成功构建出溶血能力减弱的双交换同源重组sly基因敲除突变株。     

Comparative genomic analysis shows that Streptococcus suis meningitis isolate SC070731 contains a unique 105 K genomic island

Streptococcus suis (SS) is an important swine pathogen worldwide that occasionally causes serious infections in humans. SS infection may result in meningitis in pigs and humans. The pathogenic mechanisms of SS are poorly understood. Here, we provide the complete genome sequence of S. suis serotype 2 (SS2) strain SC070731 isolated from a pig with meningitis. The chromosome is 2,138,568 bp in length. There are 1933 predicted protein coding sequences and 96.7% (57/59) of the known virulence-associated genes are present in the genome. Strain SC070731 showed similar virulence with SS2 virulent strains HA9801 and ZY05719, but was more virulent than SS2 virulent strain P1/7 in the zebrafish infection model. Comparative genomic analysis revealed a unique 105 K genomic island in strain SC070731 that is absent in seven other sequenced SS2 strains. Further analysis of the 105 K genomic island indicated that it contained a complete nisin locus similar to the nisin U locus in S. uberis strain 42, a prophage similar to S. oralis phage PH10 and several antibiotic resistance genes. Several proteins in the 105 K genomic island, including nisin and RelBE toxin–antitoxin system, contribute to the bacterial fitness and virulence in other pathogenic bacteria. Further investigation of newly identified gene products, including four putative new virulence-associated surface proteins, will improve our understanding of SS pathogenesis.     

Characterization and functional analysis of atl, a novel gene encoding autolysin in Streptococcus suis

Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (S. suis 2) is an important swine and human pathogen responsible for septicemia and meningitis. A novel gene, designated atl and encoding a major autolysin of S. suis 2 virulent strain HA9801, was identified and characterized in this study. The Atl protein contains 1,025 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 113 kDa and has a conserved N-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine amidase domain. Recombinant Atl was expressed in Escherichia coli, and its bacteriolytic and fibronectin-binding activities were confirmed by zymography and Western affinity blotting. Two bacteriolytic bands were shown in the sodium dodecyl sulfate extracts of HA9801, while both were absent from the atl inactivated mutant. Cell chains of the mutant strain became longer than that of the parental strain. In the autolysis assay, HA9801 decreased to 20% of the initial optical density (OD) value, while the mutant strain had almost no autolytic activity. The biofilm capacity of the atl mutant was reduced ～30% compared to the parental strain. In the zebrafish infection model, the 50% lethal dose of the mutant strain was increased up to 5-fold. Furthermore, the adherence to HEp-2 cells of the atl mutant was 50% less than that of the parental strain. Based on the functional analysis of the recombinant Atl and observed effects of atl inactivation on HA9801, we conclude that Atl is a major autolysin of HA9801. It takes part in cell autolysis, separation of daughter cells, biofilm formation, fibronectin-binding activity, cell adhesion, and pathogenesis of HA9801.     

猪链球菌2型的纤连蛋白/血纤维蛋白原结合蛋白基因的序列分析

目的 为确定猪链球菌2型(SS2)江苏分离株9801是否具有纤连蛋白／血纤维蛋白原结合蛋白基因(fbps)。方法 根据已发表的SS2 fbps序列,设计并合成1对引物,以SS2江苏分离株的基因组为模板,采用聚合酶链反应(PER)方法扩增fbps,克隆于pMD-T18载体。测定阳性质粒插入序列。利用DNAstar软件,比较所测序列与不同来源SS2的fbps和FBPS与链球菌属其他种同源蛋白的同源性。结果 扩增的fbps为1 938 bp,江苏分离株与猪源致病性SS2荷兰分离株的fbps序列有5个碱基不同,与ATCCA3765株有3个碱基不同,同源性均达99．99％以上。推导的氨基酸序列比较,分别有4个和2个氨基酸不同,同源性均为99％以上。纤连蛋白结合蛋白(FBPS)无前导序列,无锚定序列,与链球菌属其他种的同源Fn结合蛋白的同源性为68．8％～76．0％。结论 FBPS是一种无锚的黏附素。     

Characterization and Proteome Analysis of Inosine 5-Monophosphate Dehydrogenase in Epidemic Streptococcus suis Serotype 2

Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) is an important zoonotic pathogen that causes severe disease symptoms in pigs and humans. In the present study, we found one isogenic mutant lacking inosine 5-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) ΔZY05719 was attenuated in pigs compared with the wild-type SS2 strain ZY05719. Comparative proteome analysis of the secreted proteins expression profiles between ZY05719 and ΔZY05719 allowed us to identify Triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) and glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), which were down expressed in the absence of the IMPDH. Both of them are glycolytic enzymes participating in the glycolytic pathway. Compared with ZY05719, ΔZY05719 lost the ability of utilize mannose, which might relate to down expression of TPI and GAPDH. In addition, GAPDH is a well-known factor that involved in adhesion to host cells, and we demonstrated ability of adhesion to HEp-2 and PK15 by ΔZY05719 was significantly weakened, in contrast to ZY05719. The adhesion to host cells is the crucial step to cause infection for pathogen, and the reduction adhesion of ΔZY05719, to some extent illustrates the attenuated virulence of ΔZY05719.     

The serine/threonine protein kinase of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 affects the ability of the pathogen to penetrate the blood–brain barrier

Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) is a zoonotic agent that causes meningitis in humans and pigs. However, the mechanism whereby SS2 crosses the microvasculature endothelium of the brain is not understood. In this study, transposon (TnYLB‐1) mutagenesis was used to identify virulence factors potentially associated with invasive ability in pathogenic SS2. A poorly invasive mutant was identified and was found to contain a TnYLB‐1 insertion in the serine/threonine kinase (stk) gene. Transwell chambers containing hBMECs were used to model the blood–brain barrier (BBB). We observed that the SS2 wild‐type ZY05719 strain crossed the BBB model more readily than the mutant strain. Hence, we speculated that STK is associated with the ability of crossing blood–brain barrier in SS2. In vitro, compared with ZY05719, the ability of the stk‐deficient strain (Δstk) to adhere to and invade both hBMECs and bEnd.3 cells, as well as to cross the BBB, was significantly attenuated. Immunocytochemistry using antibodies against claudin‐5 in bEnd.3 cells showed that infection by ZY05719 disrupted BBB tight junction proteins to a greater extent than in infection by Δstk. The studies revealed that SS2 initially binds at or near intercellular junctions and crosses the BBB via paracellular traversal. Claudin‐5 mRNA levels were indistinguishable in ZY05719‐ and Δstk‐infected cells. This result indicated that the decrease of claudin‐5 was maybe induced by protein degradation. Cells infected by ZY05719 exhibited higher ubiquitination levels than cells infected by Δstk. This result indicated that ubiquitination was involved in the degradation of claudin‐5. Differential proteomic analysis showed that E3 ubiquitin protein ligase HECTD1 decreased by 1.5‐fold in Δstk‐infected bEnd.3 cells relative to ZY05719‐infected cells. Together, the results suggested that STK may affect the expression of E3 ubiquitin ligase HECTD1 and subsequently increase the degradation of claudin‐5, thus enabling SS2 to traverse the BBB.     

Immunoproteomics of extracellular proteins of Chinese virulent strains of Streptococcus suis type 2

Streptococcus suis type 2 (SS2) is a porcine zoonotic pathogen with worldwide distribution, and lacking suitable vaccine and virulent maker were bottleneck to control this infection. An immunoproteomic assay was used to identify antigenic proteins from the total extracellular proteins of the virulent Chinese SS2 strain ZY05719. The convalescent serum of a specific pathogen free (SPF) mini-pig recognized nine protein spots on PVDF membrane. Antigenic proteins on a duplicate gel, as well as those with a similar placement of extracellular proteins from another virulent strain (HA9801) and an avirulent strain (T15) on 2-D gels, were excised and identified by MALDI-TOF-MS. PMF of the protein spots were performed using the MASCOT server. Two proteins were found in all three strains. Comparative proteomic analysis between the two virulent strains and the avirulent strain revealed nine differential proteins, eight of which were successfully identified. Genes for six of the differentially expressed proteins were found in both virulent strains, and of those were present in the avirulent stain.     

Construction and Characterization of a Streptococcus suis Serotype 2 Recombinant Expressing Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein

Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (S. suis 2) is an important pathogen, responsible for diverse diseases in swine and humans. To obtain a S. suis 2 strain that can be tracked in vitro and in vivo, we constructed the Egfp-HA9801 recombinant S. suis 2 strain with egfp and spc(r) genes inserted via homologous recombination. To assess the effects of the egfp and spc(r) genes in HA9801, the biochemical characteristics, growth features and virulence in Balb/C mice were compared between the recombinant and the parent HA9801 strain. We detected the EGFP expression from Egfp-HA9801 by epifluorescence microscopy. The results showed that the biochemical characterization and growth features of the Egfp-HA9801 recombinant were highly similar to that of the parent HA9801. We did not find significant differences in lethality (50% lethal dose), morbidity and mortality between the two strains. Furthermore, the bacterial counts in each various tissues of Egfp-HA9801-infected mice displayed similar dynamic compared with the HA9801-infected mice. Our results also showed that the Egfp-HA9801 cells grown at 37°C for 36 h displayed greater green fluorescence signals than the cells grown at 28°C for 36 h and 37°C for 24 h. The fluorescence in the tissue cryosections of Egfp-HA9801-injected mice was also stronger than that of the HA9801 group. Together, these results indicate that the egfp and spc(r) insertions into the Egfp-HA9801 recombinant did not significantly change the virulence when compared with HA980, and this EGFP labeled strain can be used for future S. suis 2 pathogenesis research.